Name: rg Sci revision mock 1 4p Date: Time: 1 hour 20 minutes Total marks available: 70 ‘Total marks achieved: ‘Scanned with |CamScannera. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by mycobacteri Individuals infected with M. tuberculosis can be treated with antit Four of the antibiotics used to treat TB are shown in the table. Antibiotic Mechanism of action: | Inhibits the synthesis of a fatty acid |[Soniazid | needed to make bacterial cell walls Rifampicin | Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase | jn | Binds to bacterial ribosomes to | Streptomycin | prevent the binding of tNA | Not yet known, but not the same Pyrazinamide | mechanisms asthe other three | antibiotics In one clinical trial lasting six months, the effect of treating TB with these antibiotics was investigated. All patients were treated with all four antibiotics for two months. Then they were treated with different pairs of antibiotics or isoniazid alone for a further four months. All patients were free of any signs of active TB at the end of the clinical trial. ‘The design of the trial and the percentage of these patients with TB three years after the trial ended are shown in the diagram. Percentage of patients with Twomonths Group Four months ee —> 1—» [Rifempicin + Pyrazinamide 9 Isoniazid | _, >» | isoniazid + Rifampicin q@) +Rifampicin + Streptomycin ae + Pyracinamide | —»3—> [ Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide 32 ae Isoniazid 30 Analyse the data to comment on the effectiveness of these antibiotics for the treatment of TB. Res Lempasin prying Ott ATE eedivis. QOinintdaiTls Cabby. Ak oh otk PB. Fama icin AK oboe. crus, pyre Znann (nN ‘Scanned with |CamScanner(Total for question = 6 marks) a2. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by mycobacteria. The graphs show the number of cases of TB and the number of deaths from TB worldwide from 2000 to 2015. Scanned wth G camscanner8 g a 25) Z cases . 2 ee BS £ fe TB deaths g 32 15 Pee 8 eH 3E 3 —— gs Bee | Neweases ” 5 os 2 ° 00 2000-2005 20102015, 2000 200520102015 Yeat Year In 1993 the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared TB a global public health emergency. Since then, there has been a programme to reduce the impact of this disease. Analyse the data to deduce the effectiveness of this programme. OY SQ. ARALLOQES, ‘ay fee BL. nt s.ch Od... seuss. ont: Yes. HES. MAT) US. J08.5. LN RI, (Total for question = 3 marks) Q3. bo Scanned wth G camscannerAntibiotics are used in the treatment of bacterial infections. (a) (1) Cephalosporins are antibiotics that inhibit the production of bacterial cell walls. Suggest why cephalosporins are bactericidal antibiotics. 2 FE ARORA nt, Cowssinay sel OMAR IIANEE LYSE: (ii) Quinolones are antibiotics that inhibit the synthesis of DNA in bacterial cells. Suggest why quinolones are bacteriostatic antibiotics. (2) (b) An investigation of the effectiveness of different antibiotics on Clostridium difficile was carried out by a hospital laboratory. Several nutrient agar plates, containing C. difficile, were prepared. Four discs, A, B, C and D, were placed on the surface of each plate. Each disc contained the same concentration of a different antibiotic. The diagram below shows the position of the four discs on each agar plate, before being incubated. nutrient agar After incubation, the scientists in the laboratory concluded that C. difficile was completely resistant to antibiotics A and C. They also concluded that antibiotic D was more effective against “070 wh Qee. ‘Scanned with |CamScannerC. difficile than antibiotic B. Explain how the appearance of the nutrient agar plates, after incubation, would have enaty the scientists to reach these conclusions. For each of the statements below, put a cross (&) in the box next to the term that completes each statement. (i) In this investigation¢<évera) nutrient agar plates were used for a DA accuracy 0 B precision Hc reliability OD validity (iii) In this investigation, each disc had the same concentration of antibiotic for CA accuracy OC B precision Cl € reliability Ke validity (c) Hospital-acquired infections caused by bacteria can be a major problem for patients. In a study in a London hospital, it was found that ons)rontarinated with bacteria could spread infections between patients. ‘Suggest how this hospital could improve the prevention and control of the spread of infections. ‘Scanned with |CamScanner“antat..adnic aril watches. (Total for question = 12 marks) 4. First generation biofuels are made from sugars and vegetable oils found in food crops. (a) Some countries are replacing small percentages of petrol and diesel with first generation biofuels to reduce the effect of greenhouse gases on global warming. (i) Place a cross Blin the box next to a pair of greenhouse gases. @ 5% A. carbon dioxide and methane (1 B carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide G € carbon monoxide and nitrogen GD methane and nitrogen Gi) Suggest why using frst generation biofuels instead of petrol and diesel could reduce global warming. ~ Scanned with @ camscanner(b) Second generation biofuels are now being developed. These will use ngp-fod parts of cx that contain the polymers cellulose and lignin. ‘ Bacteria can be used to synthesise ethanol from these polymers. However, enzyme treatment is \ necessary before the bacteria can use these polymers. (i) Name a part of a plant stem that would contain these polymers. Jeuvewn, (ii) Suggest why cellulose has to be treated with enzymes before the bacteria can use it as an energy source. 2) emZynais.necctech 30, tot. down ONION Fd EQ GORE uly yest’ adele MOS, £0, ecu Dit..We:tioe, (c) The graph below shows how the global production of first generation and second generation biofuels could change in the future. 30 Second generation iB = biofuel 38 35 20 BE 38 11 First generation gs biofuel 28 10 “4 2014-2016 = 2018S 20202022 Year Using the information in the graph, describe the expected changes in the production of first generation and second generation biofuels. Suggest reasons for these changes. 4) ‘Scanned with |CamScanner(Total for question = 11 marks) Qs. Anthropogenic activities are increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. An increased level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to an increased rate of photosynthesis in some plants. Describe how carbon dioxide is used in photosynthesis. oo SOON. icy Camgovnl Scanned with @ camscanner(Total for question = 4 mai 96. ‘The average spring temperature in the UK has increased by 0.5 °C from 1995 to 2024, This is due to climate change. This has affected plants and the insects that feed on them. The effect of the rise In spring temperature on the life cycle of butterflies was studied. ‘These insects have a typical life cycle of four stages: \eog. gral pupa and adult. ‘The photograph shows a butterfly larva (caterpillar) feeding on a leaf. (ource:© dossy/Shutterstock) (i) Explain why an increase in environmental temperature may lead to a shorter life cycle. @ Scanned with |\CamScanneryo /* (ii) Devise a laboratory investigation to study the effect of temperature on the duration of the larval stage in a specialist butterfly species. XS & &y (Total for question = 8 marks) Scanned with @ camscannerQ7. ‘The earthworm, (Lumbricus terrestris), feeds on dead organic matter found in soll. Ford ow Soil pH is one of the abiotic factors that affects the population size of earthworms. a ‘The populations of earthworms in fields with either acic investigated. The results of this investigation are summarised in the table. Earthworms in field Earthworms In field with acidic soil with alkaline soil Sample Number per Masspersquare Number per Mass per square square metre metre/gm? squaremetre metre /g m* 1 80 184 n3 1164 2 59 M10 1613 1968 3 106 253 354 439 4 3 70 ns 961 5 ray 238 24 233 6 1S 139 374 1739 7 7 149 668 1096 8 138 309 12 23 9 63 95 791 1455 10 63 a 497 736 Total 833 1631 6583 10004 Describe a sampling method that could be used to collect the data in this table. @ Quackede. al. orn. .. Sap hia. vO. 0..Prame, Scanned wth G camscanner(Total for question = 4 marks) 98. Describe how DNA profiling could be carried out to show that these snakes are different species. oo Radrock. SOMPY...2q.-PME. Aron. eoreln. aperite Nom, Aetinntoed 6a0....009.. SON x “denier JO MERER semmnonennn Scanned with @ camscanner(Total for question = 4 marks) Q9. ‘One method of estimating the time of death is to determine the age of blowfly maggots on a dead body. Microorganisms are also found on a dead body. Describe the role of decomposers, such as microorganisms, in the carbon cycle, CRN SAdZ.... CEVA DELL ALC oe ed wosp here... (Total for question = 2 marks) Q10. Scanned wth G camscannerphotosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast. The diagram shows the structure of a chloroplast with some parts labelled. (Source: Kazakova Maryia/ Shutterstock) (i) Which part of the chloroplast is labelled L? 1 A. aplasmid containing chloroplast DNA (OB the matrix where the Krebs cycle takes place 1 C_ the stroma where the Calvin cycle takes place (4D the thylakoid where the light-dependent reactions take place (i) The part labelled J is DA. the matrix where the light-dependent reactions take place CB the matrix where the light-independent reactions take place 1 C_ the stroma where the light-dependent reactions take place TALD the stroma where the light-independent reactions take place (iii) Which of the following is stored in the structure labelled N? A chlorophyll GB glucose Gc i Sp starch a ‘Scanned with |CamScanner(Total for question = 3 gu. The scientific article you have studied is adapted from several sources. Use the information from the scientific article and your own knowledge to answer the following questions. ‘Bacterial molecules pass into the bloodstream where they do not belong, triggering an immune response’ (paragraph 32) Explain how the bacterial molecules could trigger a specific immune response. Anode... -ofaiggenisinctlatoaefs edarerrero] i oss Me. gy ge iteeiteones ste... Fann. iegelles ok ey Ips othagesk i rie PRE, . Wepnentaak...Less. ose Nat - ANRIGSANS AeA... Hac ecg. WLLL consne ne) pe.. Gelb. 9nb..0s, coomplensen fa Nesonsgttey..c1g thse... Grankigh-tne hind... POG. LEXLOES.. Pap TIA... MCA uptake as) istiahes. 12 seo oie Q.\cadnedn..SAWA LL Scanned wth G camscanner{Total for question = 4 marks) an. Explain how these two species of snake could have arisen from a common ancestor. a (Total for question = 4 marks) 13. The time of death of a person can be estimated in a number of ways. One method is to use @ Henssge nomogram. ‘Scanned with |CamScanner‘The Henssge nomogram relates the time of death to the ambient (surrounding) temperature, the core temperature and the mass of the body. Explain why the ambient temperature and the core temperature of the body are used to determine the time of death of a person Q14. Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) can cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The diagram shows an HIV virus particle. ‘Scanned with |CamScanner9p120 _Z Proteins of host cell capsid _-> lipid membrane ~~ protease Viral RNA genome ~~ reverse transcriptase (i) ‘State the role of 9p120 in the life cycle of the HIV virus. (ii) Give a reason why there are proteins from the host cell in the lipid membrane surrounding the virus particle. (Total for question = 2 marks) Scanned wth G camscanner