Safe Handling & Storage of

®
AlphaPlus 1-Hexene
and
®
AlphaPlus 1-Octene

1-Hexene 1-Octene 2013 Final.docx

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP ………………………………………………………………………….1

INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………….2

PART 1 SPECIFICATIONS, PROPERTIES AND TEST METHODS

1-Hexene Specifications ......................................................................................................... 3

1-Octene Specifications .......................................................................................................... 3
Typical Properties ................................................................................................................... 3
Recommended Test Methods..................................................................................................8

PART 2 SAMPLING AND HANDLING

Training ...................................................................................................................................9
Recommended Practice for Sampling ....................................................................................9
Static Electricity and Grounding .............................................................................................10
Product Loading/Unloading Requirements ............................................................................10
Safety References .................................................................................................................12

PART 3 STORAGE DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS

Storage Tanks ...................................................................................................................... 14

API and ANSI Design References ........................................................................................ 15
Particulate Matter .................................................................................................................. 15
Filters .................................................................................................................................... 15
Impurity Formation ................................................................................................................ 16
Hoses .................................................................................................................................... 16
Pumps ................................................................................................................................... 16
Valves ................................................................................................................................... 16
Incompatible Materials .......................................................................................................... 17
Pipelines ............................................................................................................................... 17
Temperature Control ............................................................................................................. 17
Vapor Control Systems ......................................................................................................... 17

PART 4 HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, FIRE AND ACCIDENTAL RELEASE

INFORMATION

Safety Data Sheet Information ................................................................................................18

PART 5 TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION AND REGULATORY PROFILES

Safety Data Sheet Information ............................................................................................... 18

PART 6 APPENDIX

Glossary of Terms, Abbreviations, and Organizations ......................................................... 19

 PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP

Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP (“Chevron Phillips Chemical Company”) is

committed to being a good Product Steward of the products we produce. We want
anyone who comes in contact with one of our products to have access to
information that will help them to understand its potential risk and how to use it
safely. The thrust of our Product Stewardship program is the implementation of an
Operation Excellence Management System (OEMS) initiative, which makes health,
safety and environmental protection an integral part of our products. Successful
implementation of this system must include a shared responsibility of all those who
come in contact with a product throughout its life cycle. Chevron Phillips Chemical
Company will continue to work with customers and others to help ensure that all
who use and handle our products follow safe and environmentally sound practices.

The information contained in this technical bulletin is not intended to, nor
does it, amend or replace the Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Safety Data
Sheet (SDS) for 1-Hexene (#PE0016) or 1-Octene (#PE0017). The most current
SDS can be obtained from Chevron Phillips Chemical Company at
www.cpchem.com or by calling (800) 852-5530 and should be carefully
examined prior to working with these products.

1
 INTRODUCTION

Gulf Oil Chemicals Company first commercialized the production of normal alpha
olefins, Gulftene alpha olefins, in 1965. Today, alpha olefin products are produced
and marketed by Chevron Phillips Chemical Company. This brochure covers the
safe handling and storage of 1-hexene (Alpha Olefin 6) and 1-octene (Alpha Olefin
8) alpha olefins. A brief description of typical applications of these products follows.

In the production of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low-density

polyethylene (LLDPE) resins, 1-hexene and 1-octene are commonly used as
comonomers. The use of either alpha olefin as a comonomer affects the density
due to the amount of short-chain branching. An increase in the comonomer
concentration results in a lowering of the density of the resin and affects the
processing and mechanical properties of the polymer. In another application, 1-
hexene and 1-octene are employed in the manufacturing of polyanhydrides (e.g.,
copolymers of maleic anhydride and alpha olefins).

Chevron Phillips Chemical Company’s 1-hexene and 1-octene are employed in the
production of surfactants (detergent alcohols and alkyl aromatics). They can be
converted to linear alkyl benzene sulfonates, which are commonly used in
dishwashing liquids, laundry detergents, all-purpose cleaners and lube-oil additives.
The alpha olefin fraction 1-octene can be converted to a variety of nonionic
ethoxylates when the corresponding alcohols are reacted with ethylene oxide. The
nonionic ethoxylates can be employed as surfactants or undergo additional
derivatization.

Polyol esters are prepared from 1-hexene and 1-octene. Polyol esters are
characterized by a tolerance to a wide range of temperatures and are employed as
base fluids for jet engine lubricants and refrigeration compressor oils for HFC-134a
chlorine-free refrigerants. They can also be used to produce plasticizer alcohols
and alkenyl succinic anhydrides, which are used as additives. Finally, these
products are used in specialty chemicals such as epoxides, mercaptans, alkyl
silanes and metal alkyls.

NOTE:
THIS BROCHURE DOES NOT AMEND OR REPLACE OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS, SAFETY
REGULATIONS NOW IN USE, SAFETY DATA SHEETS OR COMMERCIAL TERMS OF SALE.
CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF THE ACCURACY OF
THE CONTENTS OF THIS BROCHURE OR ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE USE OF THIS INFORMATION OR ITS
APPLICABILITY. THE USER ASSUMES ALL RISK AND LIABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE
INFORMATION IN THIS BROCHURE.

2
 PART 1

SPECIFICATIONS, PROPERTIES AND TEST METHODS

1-HEXENE (C6H12) AND 1-OCTENE (C8H16) SALES SPECIFICATION

Please reference the Chevron Phillips Chemical Company website for sales specifications at
www.cpchem.com.

TYPICAL PROPERTIES

1-Hexene 1-Octene
1,2 o o
Aniline Point , C ( F) 22.8 (73.0) 32.5 (90.5)

2 o o
API Gravity at 15.6 C (60 F) 77.4 65.2

Appearance Clear & Bright Clear & Bright

3 o o
Autoignition Temperature , C ( F) 253 (487.4) 230 (446)
4 o
Boiling Point , C
Vapor Pressure, mm of Hg
760 63.478 121.286
700 60.907 118.366
600 56.209 113.029
500 50.849 106.933
400 44.559 99.776
300 36.861 91.009
200 26.728 79.454
100 11.11 61.611
80 6.48 56.321
50 -2.7 45.82
20 -18.6 27.54

1
Coefficient of Expansion
o o o
at 15.6 C (60 F), per F, Calculated 0.00076 0.00058

Color
Saybolt +30 +30

4
Critical Density
3
gm/cm 0.238 0.238
3
lb/ft 14.86 14.86

4
Critical Pressure

3
 atmosphere 30.990 25.265
2
lb/in 455.43 371.30
bar 31.401 25.600

4
Critical Temperature
o
K 503.8 567.1
o
C 230.6 293.9
o
R 906.8 1020.7
o
F 447.1 561.0

1-Hexene 1-Octene

4
Critical Volume
3
cm /gm-mole 353.6 471.5
3
ft /lb-mole 5.664 7.553
3
ft /lb 0.0673 0.0673

(ref 4)
Critical PV/RT 0.265 0.256

4 3
Density of the Liquid , gm/cm
o
Temperature, C
10 0.6826 0.7233
20 0.67317 0.71492
25 0.66848 0.71085

5
Linear Least Squares Constants
3
(for units of gm/cm )
m -0.943714 -0.834303
b 0.692050 0.731610

4
Entropy of Vaporization at Boiling Point,
-1 -1
cal K mole 20.08 20.46

2
Flammability Limits , vol%
Lower 2 0.7
Upper 7 6.8

o o 6 2
Flash Point (TCC), C ( F) -26 (-15) 12.8 (55.0)

4 o
Free Energy of Formation at 25 C, kcal/mole
Gas, Ideal State 20.71 24.65

2 o o
Freezing Point , C ( F) -139.82 (-219.67) -101.74 (-151.12)

4 o o
Heat Capacity at 25 C, cal/gm- C
Gas 0.3723 0.3755

4
 Liquid 0.5206 0.5133

4 o
Heat of Combustion of the Liquid at 25 C and
Constant Pressure, Gross, kcal/mole
H2O(l) +CO2(g) 956.8 1269.3
H2O(g) +CO2(g) 893.7 1185.2

4 o
Heat of Formation of the Gas at 25 C, kcal/mole -10.03 -19.98

4
Heat of Vaporization at Boiling Point , kcal/mole 6.76 8.07
1-Hexene 1-Octene
4
Ideal Gas Thermodynamic Properties
Heat Capacity, Heat Capacity,
o o o
Temperature, C cal/gm-mole- C cal/gm-mole- C
0 29.45 39.64
25 31.63 42.56
100 37.89 51.01
500 62.83 84.56
1000 78.93 106.04

Enthalpy, Enthalpy,
o
Temperature, C cal/gm-mole cal/gm-mole
0 5,475 7,201
25 6,229 8,214
100 8,828 11,715
500 29,464 39,509
1000 65,409 87,838

Molecular Formula C6H12 C8H16

Molecular Weight 84.16 112.21

Odor Olefinic Olefinic

7
Odor Threshold in Air , (ppm) 0.02 2.0

1
Refractive Index
o
Temperature, C (ND ) (ND )
20 1.38788 1.40870
25 1.38502 1.40620

8
Relative Density (Specific Gravity) ,
o o
10 C/15.6 C 0.6833 0.7240
o o
20 C/15.6 C 0.6739 0.7156
o o
25 C/15.6 C 0.6692 0.7116

5
 7
Relative Vapor Density (Air = 1) 3 3.9

Solubility of Water in Product, ppmw

o o 9
20 C (68 F) 343 —
o o 3
25 C (77 F) 129 max. 100 max.
o o 3
40 C (104 F) 162 max. 108 max.

9 o o
Solubility of Product in Water at 20 C (68 F), 46.7 2.5
ppmw

1-Hexene 1-Octene
4
Surface tension , dynes/cm
o
Temperature, C
0 20.47 23.68
20 18.42 21.76
25 17.90 21.28
40 16.36 19.85
50 15.33 18.89
60 14.31 17.93
70 -- 16.97
100 -- 14.10

4 o
Vapor Pressure at 100 F, mm Hg 310.7 33.97
10
Antoine Coefficients
A 6.85770 6.93495
B 1,148.62 1,355.46
C 225.346 213.054

4
Viscosity
Absolute viscosity, Absolute viscosity,
o
Temperature, C centipoises centipoises
0 0.33 0.611
15 0.27 0.497
20 0.26 0.469
25 0.25 0.446
30 0.24 0.424
40 0.22 0.382
50 0.20 0.346
60 0.19 0.316
70 -- 0.291
80 -- 0.270
90 -- 0.250
100 -- 0.234

Kinematic Viscosity, Kinematic Viscosity,

o
Temperature, C centiStokes centiStokes
0 0.47 0.835

6
 15 0.41 0.690
20 0.39 0.654
25 0.37 0.627
30 0.36 0.597
40 0.34 0.546
50 0.32 0.501
60 0.30 0.464
70 -- 0.432
80 -- 0.407
90 -- 0.382
100 -- 0.362

REFERENCES AND NOTES:

1. “Physical Constants of Hydrocarbons C1 to C10”, ASTM Data Series DS 4A, Philadelphia, PA, 1971.
2. “Physical Constants of Hydrocarbon and Non-Hydrocarbon Compounds”, 2nd edition, ASTM Data
Series DS 4B, Philadelphia, PA, 1988.
3. Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Test Results
4. TRC Thermodynamic Tables-Hydrocarbon; The Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX
77843-3124.
5. Density (gm/cm ) = [ (m/1000) * (Temperature ( C))] + b; 0 C ≤ Temperature ≤ 60 C for 1-hexene
3 o o o

and 0 C ≤ Temperature ≤ 120 C for 1-octene. Values are good to 4 decimal places up to 100 C.
o o o

6. “NFPA Haz-Mat Quick Guide”, National Fire Protection Association, Inc., 1997.
7. Stahl, W. H., Ed. Compilation of Odor and Taste Threshold Values Data. American Society for
Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1973.
8. Values are calculated.
9. McAuliffe, C., J. Phys. Chem., 1966, 70, 1267.

10. Log10P = A - B/ (C+t) (10 mm Hg ≤ P ≤ 1500 mm Hg, t in C).

o

7
RECOMMENDED TEST METHODS

The following ASTM methods are recommended for the analysis of 1-hexene and 1-octene:

1. ASTM D 56 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester

2. ASTM D 287 Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum
Products (Hydrometer Method)

3. ASTM D 3120 Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid
Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry

4. ASTM D 4176 Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate
Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)

5. ASTM D 6045 Standard Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the Automatic
Tristimulus Method

6. ASTM D 6450 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Continuously Closed Cup (CCCFP)
Tester

7. ASTM E 411 Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-
Dinitrophenylhydrazine

8. ASTM E 659 Standard Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals

9. ASTM E 1064 Standard Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer
Titration

8
 PART 2

SAMPLING AND HANDLING

TRAINING A summary of accidental release, fire, and

health information is presented in PART 4 of
In any workplace, training should be this brochure.
conducted before sampling and handling
operations of 1-hexene and 1-octene are RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR
undertaken. Several commercial websites SAMPLING
provide access to the Code of Federal
Regulations, NIOSH, and OSHA databases This information is provided for use in
which may help in answering questions and establishing sampling and handling
setting up safety programs. The training procedures. This information should only
program may include the following: be utilized in conjunction with an existing
health and safety program and cannot be
1. Properties and health hazards of 1- used as a substitute for expert safety and
hexene or 1-octene. medical advice.

2. Safe work and good housekeeping SAMPLING:

practices.
If testing for water, peroxide or carbonyl
3. The importance of protection from 1- contaminants, samples must be obtained
hexene or 1-octene contact; the proper using a gas cylinder. As a best practice,
clothing and cleaning requirements to Chevron Phillips Chemical Company uses
ensure worker protection. cylinders specified by 49 CFR, Subpart C,
Section 178.36 (3A or 3AX seamless steel
4. Signs and symptoms of 1-hexene or 1- cylinders). The charging of these cylinders
octene exposure and action to be taken. must conform to Section 173.302. Purge the
cylinder with product before collecting the final
5. The care that must be taken whenever sample. Ensure the appropriate outage be left
and wherever 1-hexene or 1-octene is for the liquid. For all other testing procedures
used, handled, stored and transported. and before sampling 1-hexene or 1-octene,
the nitrogen atmosphere within the storage
6. Emergency procedures for leaks, spills container or transport vessel should be
and fires, including protective clothing to depressurized safely. Samples may be taken
be worn in such instances. Check the through the sampling port (tank) or the
product’s MSDS for further information. manway opening (vessel) by means of a
clean, dry 1-qt. (1-L) bottle held in a clean, dry
7. First aid measures to be used after sheath of nickel or stainless steel attached to
exposure. a long rod or lightweight chain of the same
material. Fit the bottle with a glass stopper to
8. The availability of written 1-hexene or 1- which is attached a light metal chain. Lower
octene usage, health hazard and training the bottle to near the bottom of the tank and
program procedures. pull out the stopper with a sharp jerk of the
chain. Raise it at such a rate that it is about
It is recommended that this generalized three-fourths full when it emerges from the
sampling and handling training program liquid. Stopper the bottle before attempting to
should be part of a worker’s initial instruction. rinse the material from the outside. Label the
Refresher training should be scheduled at sample bottle according to OSHA Regulations
least annually thereafter. (refer to 29 CFR 1910.1200). Also as required
by DOT, an emptied 1-hexene or 1-octene
cylinder or bottle must retain the same

9
markings and labels used during its initial STATIC ELECTRICITY AND
transport until the container has been GROUNDING
sufficiently purged.
Alpha olefins are characterized by high
NOTE: Fresh air and other personal electrical resistivity (low conductivity), which
protective gear may be required depending can result in the buildup of excess static
on exposure limits set in the individual charge during transfer operations. Both 1-
workplace. hexene and 1-octene are classified as
intermediate vapor pressure products under
Emphasis should be placed on cleanliness the API RP 2003 Guidelines. At 37.8°C
and dryness. Both the sample bottle and its
(100°F), 1-hexene and 1-octene have vapor
holder must be CLEAN AND DRY. Transfer
pressures of 310.7 and 33.97 mm Hg,
the sample to another bottle for storage. A
respectively. These products are likely to
suitable bottle for storing the sample is one
create a flammable mixture in the vapor space
known as a “Boston Round.” The closure
during handling. Thus, the situation can exist
should be a screw cap with a Teflon or for extremely dangerous explosions within
aluminum foil liner. closed containers, storage tanks or transport
vessels.
If new bottles are used, first rinse them
thoroughly with carbonyl-free ethanol and then Key operations which have the potential of
dry in a hot-air oven. Hold the bottles in a generating a flammable atmosphere and/or
desiccator while cooling to ambient static charge include tank and container filling,
temperature. Protect them from dirt or splash filling, tank cleaning, sampling,
moisture by enclosure in a polyethylene bag. gauging, switch loading, filtering,
Rinse used bottles very thoroughly with water, mixing/agitation and vacuum truck operations.
detergents and solvents. Treat the rinsed To minimize the hazard of static electricity
containers as new bottles. during these operations, bonding and
grounding may be necessary but may not by
The sampling device should be bonded to the themselves be sufficient. For more
tank manway (e.g., by resting the chain on the information, refer to OSHA Standard 29 CFR
lip of the manway) prior to sampling. 1910.106, “Flammable and Combustible
Liquids”, National Fire Protection Association
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS: (NFPA) 77, “Recommended Practice on Static
Electricity” and/or the American Petroleum
ASTM E 300 – Institute (API) Recommended Practice 2003,
Standard Practice for Sampling Industrial “Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of
Chemicals Static, Lightning, and Stray Currents”.
ANSI Z 288.1 –
PRODUCT LOADING/UNLOADING
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
REQUIREMENTS
API RP 500 –
Classification of Locations for Electrical Loading operations must be performed only by
Installation at Petroleum Facilities Classified qualified personnel. These individuals must
as Class I, Division 1, and Division 2 be properly instructed in the loading of
hazardous materials and made responsible for
OSHA Regulations – careful compliance with 49 CFR, Parts 172
29 CFR, Paragraphs 1910.1000 and and 173. Workers should refer to their site’s
1910.2000 fire and safety guidelines for required personal
protective equipment. Due to the flammable
U.S. DOT Regulations – nature of these products, use caution to avoid
49 CFR, Transportation Subchapters B and C, creating any sparks that could ignite the
Parts 171-179 product. As the product is being
loaded/unloaded, static buildup can occur.
Therefore, a ground cable must be placed on

10
the container to prevent the buildup of static transfer of product and a restricted device to
electricity. Use only clean, oil- and dirt-free, determine product quantity during transfer.
spark-resistant tools and implements. Vapor return lines are also required in some
states and countries to control vapor releases.
The importance of thorough pre-trip and
post-trip safety inspections cannot be Clean stainless steel tanks, rust-free mild steel
overemphasized. The process of physical tanks or suitably washed steel tanks are
inspection of the container is one of the best acceptable for transport of 1-hexene or 1-
methods of minimizing human error, the octene. ChevronTexaco Shipping carefully
principle cause of transportation incidents. selects barges to ensure that product quality is
not negatively affected during transport.
Take extreme care to prevent spills. In case
material is spilled, wash contaminated areas Qualified contractors should be used to inspect,
thoroughly with large quantities of water and clean and repair barges in which 1-hexene and
collect the liquid in the plant chemical waste 1-octene are shipped. The contractor should
system. Drums and trucks can be used for have facilities to dispose of residual product in
temporary storage until product can be an acceptable manner.
recycled or disposed of properly. See PART 5
of this brochure for further information. WHEN LOADING OR UNLOADING TANK
CARS:
WHEN LOADING OR UNLOADING A
VESSEL OR BARGE: DOT regulations allow both 1-hexene and 1-
octene to be shipped in General Purpose
Requirements for shipments of flammable (GP) tank cars. Chevron Phillips Chemical
liquids such as 1-hexene or 1-octene over Company has chosen to use dedicated
water are defined in 46 CFR. Additionally, pressure (LPG) cars because of nitrogen
barge shipments are regulated by the U.S. blanketing, and the greater containment
Coast Guard and the regulations are published potential and strength of LPG cars in
in 46 CFR, Part 151. Refer to current comparison to GP cars.
International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and
Terminals (ISGOTT) and United States Coast Pressure tank cars in the Chevron Phillips
Guard (USCG) rules (46 CFR, Part 153) for Chemical Company fleet are DOT 105A300W
regulations governing transportation by sea- and DOT 112J340W rated and are stenciled
going vessels. Chevron Phillips Chemical accordingly. These cars are insulated and
Company and independent inspectors ensure have top loading/unloading capability.
that 1-hexene and 1-octene are loaded in
uncontaminated tanks. Loading

Plan and control the loading and unloading of Erect track warning signs, set hand brakes,
1-hexene or 1-octene to limit personnel place wheel chocks, turn on track warning
exposure and environmental releases. OSHA lights (if available) and connect ground cable.
and the U.S. Coast Guard have published Rail cars with no tank pressure should be
regulations applicable to personnel involved in nitrogen purged to displace oxygen. Once car
the handling of these products. Some of the is oxygen free (< 1% O2 as determined by an
key elements are: O2 analyzer), check car loading and vent
valves making sure they are closed. Remove
1. Employee Training plug from vent valve and attach vent line
extension (nipple) with Dry Link connection.
2. Personal Protective Equipment Depressurize tank car to flare header.
Disconnect vent line and tighten valve plug.
3. Warning Signs
Visually inspect tank car exterior for damage
To reduce exposure of personnel to 1-hexene and inspection dates. Connect vent line to
or 1-octene, gauging on the barge should vapor recovery unit and product loading hose
consist of a closed device for use during to car, using Dry Link connections for both.

11
Load product by opening product valve on Visually inspect trailer exterior for damage and
tank car, starting product pump and opening inspection dates. Check loading and vent
product line at the rack. Fill car to the desired valves making sure they are closed. Slowly
capacity. Shut down transfer pump and block remove caps. Connect product loading hose
product line valve. Nitrogen purge the loading to truck spray bar and vapor recovery vent
hose and vent line for approximately 30 lines. Only Dry Link connections are
seconds to remove residual product. Block acceptable. Open product valve to load
tank car product and vent valves and remove product, start transfer pump and vent vapors
product vent hose. Remove extension to the vapor recovery system as necessary
nipples. Block and plug all fittings. Apply during loading to maintain product flow into the
appropriate placards and seals. Remove trailer. After loading is completed, shut down
ground cable, wheel chocks and warning transfer pump and block product line valve.
signs. Turn off track warning lights. Purge loading line with nitrogen for
approximately 30 seconds to clear free liquid
Unloading through spray fill line. Block trailer product
and vent. Remove product and vent lines.
Brakes must be set, wheels chocked, ground Block and plug all fittings. Apply appropriate
cables connected and caution signs erected. placards and seals. Remove wheel chocks
Check unloading and vent valves making sure and ground cable.
they are closed. Remove plugs and connect
unloading hose to the liquid valve and a Unloading
nitrogen hose to the vapor valve (check
gaskets before connecting hoses). Open Place wheel chocks in front and back of
product valve and start unloading pump, truck’s rear wheels allowing ¾” clearance.
bleeding any vapors prior to start. Pressurized Connect ground cable. Check internal and
rail cars are equipped with high-flow check external trailer valves making sure they are
valves. The product valve must be opened closed. Remove unloading valve cap. Check
slowly and off-loading must be within the gasket and connect unloading hose. Only Dry
valve’s limits or it will check. Maintain positive Link connections are acceptable. Check valve
tank pressure with nitrogen. After offloading is on trailer vent line making sure valve is closed.
completed, shut off pump, close vent valve Remove cap and connect a nitrogen hose to
and remove nitrogen line. Close product valve vent line. Open internal and external valves
and slowly unscrew unloading hose and start unloading pump. Bleed vapors
connection relieving any pressure. Close, before starting pump, if required, otherwise
plug and tighten all fittings. Placard tank car valves may check. Add nitrogen to maintain
with appropriate placards. Remove wheel positive tank pressure as required.
chocks, ground cable and caution signs.
After product transfer is complete, shut off
WHEN LOADING OR UNLOADING TANK unloading pump, close vent line and remove
TRUCKS: nitrogen line. Close internal and external
valves; slowly unscrew unloading hose
Pressure tank trucks are normally MC/DOT connection to relieve pressure. Close, cap
330 or 331 type. and tighten all fittings. Remove wheel chocks
and ground cable. Placards must be retained
Loading on trailer until trailer is cleaned.

Place wheel chocks in front and back of SAFETY REFERENCES

truck’s rear wheels allowing ¾” clearance for
ease of removal. Connect ground cable. The following publications are excellent
Ensure that the trailer is oxygen-free before references for product handling, safety and fire
proceeding (< 1% O2 as determined by an O2 control:
analyzer). Purge trailers with nitrogen to
displace oxygen if needed. Vent trailer to flare NFPA 10 -
header. Disconnect vent line. Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers

12
NFPA 11 -
Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-
Expansion Foam Systems

NFPA 30 -
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

NFPA 70 -
National Electrical Code

NFPA 77 -
Recommended Practice on Static Electricity

Manual Sheet TC-4,

Chemical Manufacturer’s Association
Recommended Practice for Unloading
Flammable Liquids from Tank Cars.

13
 PART 3

STORAGE DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS

STORAGE TANKS and/or carbonyls would present a problem in the

process. A nitrogen system that maintains
Storage tanks for 1-hexene and 1-octene positive pressure and adds nitrogen as the
should be of welded steel construction. product is withdrawn, and as the tank breathes,
Underground storage tanks are not prevents the introduction of air that can cause
recommended because of the difficulty of peroxide buildup in the product and keeps
locating leaks. However, some states require moisture from condensing in the tank. Free
underground storage tanks. Diking, drainage water will settle out in the bottom of the tank and
and tank supports should be designed to will normally not be seen until the tank is
conform to local regulations. A rule of thumb stripped. Dissolved water up to the saturation
commonly used for determining the size of level may be found in products. If water is a
customer storage facilities suggests that storage critical contaminant, an olefin sample should be
facilities be 1½ times the size of shipments tested periodically and withdrawn though the
received. The secondary containment sump. When peroxide and carbonyl
requirements, as well as tank layout and development is a concern, use a closed
spacing requirements, should be in accordance handling system that maintains nitrogen
with NFPA 30. Rotating equipment such as atmosphere on the product through the loading,
pumps should be kept outside of the secondary unloading, and other handling activities to
containment area. Some facilities may require minimize exposure to atmospheric oxygen.
larger inventories, and thus storage facilities,
because of seasonal transportation problems. All of the lines and valves, as well as the tank,
can be carbon steel. However, carbon steel
The storage tank inlet should be located at the lines will accumulate rust if allowed to remain
bottom of the tank. Should a top inlet be empty for long periods of time. In this situation
desired, the fill pipe should be extended to a the first few gallons of product moved down the
depth no greater than the diameter of the fill line may have a yellow to orange color and may
pipe from the bottom of the tank in order to contain particulates depending on the amount of
minimize static charge accumulating during rust that has accumulated. Unlined carbon steel
filling. The fill pipe should be connected tanks may also accumulate rust above the liquid
electrically to both the tank flange and the level. This rust, along with the condensate, will
transfer pipeline. The purpose of this electrical settle to the bottom of the tank and may not be
connection is to dissipate any static charge that seen until the tank is stripped. Rust can be
may build up during filling. avoided by having storage tanks lined with zinc,
epoxy or another coating that is compatible with
Chevron Phillips Chemical Company’s 1- these products.
hexene and 1-octene have vapor pressures of
o Exercise care in selecting the gasket and seal
6.00 and 0.66 psia at 37.8°C (100 F)
respectively. Local environmental regulations materials to be used. White Canadian
may require that either product be stored in a Asbestos, Teflon, and glass-impregnated
tank that is either a pressure tank, equipped Teflon have proven to be compatible with
with an internal floating roof or connected to a these products.
vapor recovery system. An internal floating roof
along with a nitrogen blanket is one of the best Coat storage tanks with reflective paint to
methods of preventing peroxide or carbonyl reduce temperature fluctuations. While there is
buildup. no recommended maximum storage
temperature for 1-hexene and 1-octene, both
A nitrogen blanketing system is necessary for the flash point and air permitting requirements
applications where the product is going to be must be considered.
stored for long periods of time and peroxides

14
Specific bulk storage designs must conform API Standard 2015: Requirements for Safe
to insurance underwriter’s codes and local Entry and Cleaning of Petroleum Storage
fire and building regulations. Critical Tanks
design, placement, installation and
maintenance requirements are usually API RP 2003: Protection Against Ignitions
addressed in these codes and regulations Arising Out of Static, Lightning, and Stray
and must be followed. Currents

Tanks should be periodically inspected for leaks API RP 2028: Flame Arresters in Piping
and serviced in accordance with the principle of Systems
API Standard 653.
API RP 2210: Flame Arresters for Vents of
Workers should never be permitted to enter Tanks Storing Petroleum Products
an empty tank which has been used for 1-
hexene or 1-octene until the requirements API RP 2350: Overfill Protection for Storage
of the OSHA Confined Space Standard (29 Tanks in Petroleum Facilities
CFR 1910.146) and the Safe Entry
Recommendation of API Standard 2015 have American National Standards Institute
rd th
been met, including, but not limited to, 25 West 43 Street, 4 Floor
required concentrations for oxygen and New York, New York 10036
limitations on concentrations of 1-hexene or
1-octene. ANSI B16.21: Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for
Pipe Flanges
API AND ANSI DESIGN REFERENCES
ANSI B31: Interpretations of Code for
American Petroleum Institute Pressure Piping
1220 L Street NW
Washington, DC 20005 PARTICULATE MATTER

Part I – Design: Chevron Phillips Chemical Company’s 1-

hexene and 1-octene should be free of
API RP 520: Sizing, Selection, and particulate matter when shipped. However,
Installation of Pressure-relieving Devices in some particulate matter may originate from
Refineries outside contamination via the receiving-
transfer system.
Part II – Installation:
Particulate matter may be avoided by:
API Standard 601: Metallic Gaskets for
Raised-Face Pipe Flanges and Flanged 1. Paying careful attention to cleanliness.
Connections (Double-Jacketed Corrugated
and Spiral-Wound) 2. Filtering product to remove particulate
matter before use.
API Standard 620: Design and Construction
of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage FILTERS
Tanks
Since small amounts of foreign matter may
API Standard 650: Welded Steel Tanks for Oil enter storage tanks and transport vessels from
Storage various sources, a filter in the transfer piping
between the storage tank and processing
API Standard 653: Tank Inspection, Repair, equipment is recommended. This can be
Alteration, and Reconstruction accomplished by inserting a corrugated
cellulose filter paper (5 µm) inside a woven
API Standard 2000: Venting Atmospheric and polyester fiber (10 µm mesh) cartridge-type
Low-Pressure Storage Tanks; Nonrefrigerated filter. Other types of product compatible filters
and Refrigerated might also be used. Flow rates and pressures

15
should be used to determine the proper filter However, local fire and insurance codes should
for specific situations. Contact Chevron be consulted to determine if an explosion-proof
Phillips Chemical Company’s Customer motor must be used. Pump seals must be
Technical Service Group at 800-852-5531 for capable of meeting EPA emission standards -
recommendations. Inspect and renew filter this requires tandem or double seals. Tandem
cartridges periodically. seals enhance safety when pumping flammable
materials and reduce vapor emissions of
IMPURITY FORMATION product into the atmosphere. Demisting
systems should be used to keep pump bearings
Small amounts of impurities, such as lubed.
peroxides, carbonyls, and water may be
formed during transport or long-term storage. The following practices are recommended to
Alumina or Molecular Sieve are effective in minimize the possibility of pump leakage:
removing these impurities. Contact Chevron
Phillips Chemical Company’s Customer 1. Mechanical seals in conformance with API
Technical Service Group at 800-852-5531 if Standard 682.
additional assistance is required.
2. Pumps in conformance with API Standard
HOSES 610.

Hard piping is preferred to the use of hoses 3. Pumps designed so that pump bearings will
where possible and practical. If hoses are be able to carry thrust at no flow. Consider
needed for loading or unloading operations, selecting non-metallic (PEEK) wear rings to
they should be inspected and pressure tested minimize damage if the pump runs dry.
at the intervals required by the various
regulations. A satisfactory type hose is SW- 4. The pump shaft should be highly polished.
309 PETRO-VAC 150 Tank Truck Hose
(seamless nitrile tube with multiple plies of 5. Pumps should not be subjected to forces
polyester with helix wire and a one-piece nitrile beyond specified pump tolerances.
blend cover) or SP-483 modified X-link
chemical hose (seamless X-link polyethylene 6. Vibration monitoring with automatic pump
tube with multiple plies of polyester which is shutdown may be applicable in certain
supported by a PVC rod helix and a one-piece situations.
blue synthetic cover). Teflon is also
recommended. U.S. Coast Guard regulation VALVES
33 CFR, Part 154.500 applies to hoses used
for bulk transfers to and from tank vessels. Full-bore ball valves are preferred for pigged
pipelines. Gate valves, butterfly valves, or ball
PUMPS valves may be used for pipelines that are not
pigged. These valves should be made of cast
Liquid product can be transferred by pump or iron, case steel, or other recommended
vacuum. For most product handling, centrifugal materials. Valves should be packed with the
pumps with mechanical seals perform following graphite materials:
satisfactorily. The pump manufacturer can
Garlock EVSP Simplified (#9000/98)
(1)
make recommendations regarding the proper
Garlock 70# / 98 (-400 to 1200 F;
o
type of pump if the following parameters are
(2)
known: 1) flow rate, 2) size and length of 10,000 psi)
Garlock 1303 (good for steam)
suction and discharge lines, 3) suction and (2)

discharge pressures, and 4) range of product  o

Slade 3300G (-400 to 1200 F;
temperatures during transfer. A drain valve 10,000 psi)
(2)

should be installed at the lowest point in the

system so that the pump and all piping can be (1)
Most efficient packing is flexible die-
completely drained and washed before any formed rings with flexible braided end-
maintenance work is done. Totally enclosed fan rings.
cooled (TEFC) motors are recommended. (2)
Used for field repacking.

16
 types of systems as the “Best Available
INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS Control Technology (BACT).” The two
recognized technologies are Hydrocarbon
Viton is not recommended for use with 1- Vapor Recovery using the Carbon Adsorption-
hexene or 1-octene. Viton is permeable and Absorption process and Hydrocarbon Vapor
will absorb gases or vapors. This absorption Combustion.
causes swelling making the material
incompatible for couplings and connections. Generally, storage vapor recovery systems
are favored in medium-to-large terminals
where a sufficient quantity of product can be
PIPELINES recovered to justify the higher capital cost.
Other factors, which favor vapor recovery,
The following are recommended practices in include easier permitting and inherent safety
engineering pipelines for 1-hexene or 1-octene: advantages. In absence of a regulatory
requirement, closed loading should be carried
1. A minimum of flanged connections should out with vapor return to recovery systems
be used to avoid potential leaks. when these facilities are available.

2. Lines should not be buried because of the Note - Recommendations concerning the
construction of either type of vapor
difficulty of checking for leakage.
recovery system are listed in the USCG
3. All lines should be sloped with drain valves Regulations in 33 CFR.
at appropriate locations so that they can be
completely drained for maintenance.

4. All newly installed pipelines should be

pressure tested by an approved method
before use.

5. Bellows valves for 2-inch and smaller lines

are recommended to eliminate emissions
from packing glands.

TEMPERATURE CONTROL

Proper pressure relief must be provided.

Storage facilities should be designed to avoid
the possibility of overheating and boiling.
Coating storage tanks and lines with reflective
paint will help prevent temperature buildup.
Insulation is not needed nor is it recommended
since corrosion and deterioration of the lines
can occur. Also, vapor lock may result from
overheating.

VAPOR CONTROL SYSTEMS

Evaporative emissions from 1-hexene and 1-

octene are not regulated by the Federal Clean
Air Act. However, some states and localities
may regulate evaporative emissions of these
materials. Check local regulations in the
facility’s state. For control of these vapor
emissions, the U.S. EPA has recognized two

17
 PART 4

HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, FIRE

AND ACCIDENTAL RELEASE INFORMATION

Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for NAO products are available from Chevron Phillips Chemical Company to
help customers satisfy safe handling and disposal needs and OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
requirements. Such information should be requested and studied prior to working with these products.
The most current SDS’s can be obtained from Chevron Phillips Chemical Company at
www.cpchem.com or by calling (800) 852-5530. Specific questions about SDS’s can be sent to
msds@cpchem.com.

PART 5

TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION AND REGULATORY PROFILES

Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for NAO products are available from Chevron Phillips Chemical Company to
help customers satisfy safe handling and disposal needs and OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
requirements. Such information should be requested and studied prior to working with these products.
The most current SDS’s can be obtained from Chevron Phillips Chemical Company at
www.cpchem.com or by calling (800) 852-5530. Specific questions about SDS’s can be sent to
msds@cpchem.com.

REVISION STATEMENTS

This revision updates the following sections:

December 2013
1. Operational Excellence statement updated
2. Part 1- Sales Specs removed and replaced with the website information
3. Part 4 – Removed and replaced with SDS reference statement
4. Part 5 – Regulatory Profile removed and replaced with SDS reference statement

Replaces 1-Hexene 1-Octene 2008 Rev 0.doc

18
 PART 6

APPENDIX

GLOSSARY OF TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ORGANIZATIONS

ANSI American National Standards Institute

API American Petroleum Institute

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

Bonding The connection of two or more conductive objects by means of a conductor (most
commonly a wire or metal plate).

CEIC Chevron Emergency Information Center

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CHEMTREC Chemical Transportation Emergency Center

Confined Space An area that by design has limited openings for entry and exit. A confined space has
unfavorable natural ventilation and is not intended for continuous worker occupancy.
DOT Department of Transportation

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

FDA Food & Drug Administration

Flash Point The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor in sufficient concentrations
to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of a liquid.

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Peroxides Compounds containing the -O-O linkage. They occur as impurities in many organic
compounds, where they have been slowly formed by the action of oxygen.

SDS Material Safety Data Sheet

Vapor Pressure The pressure exerted by a volatile liquid while under defined equilibrium conditions. A
common way to measure vapor pressure is in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).

19