UNIT 6.

GENDER EQUALITY
A. PRONUNCIATION
Put the words in the correct columns according to the stressed syllable.
classical, develop, religious, understand, implement, continue, disappear,
interview, misconduct, justify, disinfect, hesitate, athletic, consistent, celebrate,
entertain, reunite, absolute, accomplish, classify, abandon, introduce, interrupt,
curious, deliver, guarantee, isolate, recover, qualify, overflow, imagine, European
Stress on the first Stress on the second Stress on the third
syllable syllable syllable

II. Choose the word that has different stress pattern.

1. A. organize B. consider C. encourage D. fantastic
2. A. fantastic B. disagree C. dependent D. establish
3. A. criticise B. graduate C. favourite D. discover
4. A. overcome B. confident C. opposite D. violent
5. A. domestic B. expensive C. medical D. acknowledge

B. VOCABULARY
I. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
uneducated treat domestic violence forced
equal
kindergarten surgeon gender
firefighters low-paying
1. The vast majority believe it is essential for society to _________ women as equal
to men.
2. Being _________ to quit your job due to pregnancy is a form of employment
discrimination.
3. Many _________ teachers say their job makes the world a better place, but they
don’t earn much.
4. Women considering the fire service may be discouraged if all the _________ they
know or see are men.
5. Washing dishes is one of the few __________ jobs that is male dominated in the
US, with over 80 percent of dishwashers are men.
6. __________ equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both
women and men and girls and boys are taken into consideration.
7. Not only is a __________ one of the highest-paying healthcare jobs, but it’s also
one of the highest-paying jobs overall.
8. The aim of gender equality in the workplace is to achieve broadly __________
opportunities and outcomes for women and men.
9. __________ is the most common form of violence against women and its
consequences affect many areas of the lives of victims.
10. In many countries, there is a discrimination between educated and
__________ , and men are paid more for their work than women.
II. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
1. Women are now better educated and likely to pursue many (low-paying/ high-
paying) jobs.
2. Men tend to be seen as independent, aggressive, and ambitious, whereas
women are seen as affectionate. (gentle/ violent), and compassionate.
3. There is still a discrimination against women employment that they can be
forced to leave their job when they get (single/ married).
4. Despite recent growth in (male/ female) participation rates, men still
participate in labour markets more frequently than women.
5. Gender (discrimination/ equality) describes the situation in which people are
treated differently simply because they are male or female.
6. Although women don’t have the same physical (weakness/ strength) as men
do, it doesn’t mean women provide less quality work.
7. Men are (physically/ mentally) stronger than women, who have, on average,
less total muscle mass.
8. The American Academy of Pediatrics supports funding for health care services
for HIV-infected (individuals/ organisations) and their families.
9. In India, more than 80% of (rural/ urban) women are engaged in agriculture,
yet only about 15% own land.
10. Being (educated/ illiterate) by no means eliminates women from the
workforce, but it does drastically reduce their job opportunities.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. It could cause depression if women are ________ to give up work to care for
children.
A. treated B. forced C. hurt D. violated
2. ________ education occurs in schools, while informal education takes place
primarily in the home.
A. Skilful B. Literate C. Professional D. Formal
3. Women’s ________ movement, also called women’s liberation movement,
largely based in the United States.
A. duties B. authorities C. responsibilities D. rights
4. They say that they won’t stop until every woman and child is ________ from
violence.
 A. encouraged B. protected C. developed D. promoted
5. Numerous studies show how men and women are treated ________ at work, and
how these differences affect behaviour.
A. commonly B. violently C. differently D. significantly
6. ________ First for Girls is a female youth volunteer group working to make the
world a safe place for every girl.
A. Safety B. Independence C. Freedom D. Happiness
7. Women are not ________ the same job opportunities as men when it comes to
executive positions.
A. paid B. earned C. given D. created
8. On June 16,1963, aboard Vostok 6, Soviet ________ Valentina Tereshkova
became the first woman to travel into space.
A. Doctor B. Engineer C. Firefighter D. Cosmonaut
9. Housewives are the ones who don’t have a job outside the ________ and who
spend their most of time cleaning, cooking, looking after their family, etc.
A. school B. home C. workplace D. public areas
10. Are there businesses that ________ women and girls with safe spaces from
street harassment?
A. provide B. increase C. benefit D. care
IV. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.
1. Many companies are working toward achieving __________ pay for all
employees. (equality)
2. Year by year, more and more women have become highly __________
professionals. (educate)
3. __________ and career can negatively or positively impact a woman’s life when
she combines them. (marry)
4. Mr. Law is __________ and professional and always answers our concerns
thoroughly. (skill)
5. Parents work hard to help their children to develop into resilient, confident,
responsible and __________ adults. (care)
6. __________ , many unpaid household work activities have been considered
women’s work. (tradition)
7. A nurse is a __________ professional who helps physicians provide medical care
to patients. (medicine)
8. Maternal __________ of parenting has a major influence on the way mothers
interact with their children. (know)
9. More women hold jobs as a secretary or administrative __________ than any
other position in the United States. (assist)
10. There is immense __________ for women to reach a certain level of career and
financial success before becoming parents. (press)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Supply the passive form of the verbs in the brackets.
1. There is a growing consensus that men __________ (must include) in gender
equality work.
2. The concrete needs of women and non-Western people __________ (should give)
importance.
3. Globally, the economic imbalance between men and women __________ (ought
to address).
4. __________ women __________ (may empower) to become more aware of and
engaged in political processes?
5. Any desirable consequences of having more women in top positions __________
(can achieve) through reforms.
6. Agender equality perspective __________ (might incorporate) when care
programmes are developed.
7. An education system that is inequitable and discriminatory __________ (can’t
consider) of high quality.
8. Humanity faced ambitious challenges that __________ (couldn’t tackle) without
equal participation of women in development.
9. The gender mainstreaming strategy __________ (can imply) through references
to gender-sensitive programmes.
10. The global movement of women fighting the climate crisis __________ (couldn’t
contain) by one country’s borders.
II. Supply the passive form of the modals in the brackets and the verbs
in the box.
say refuse give consider
misunderstand
achieve allow combine teach reflect
1. Both female and male students __________ (ought to) about gender equality at
schools.
2. Pregnant women __________ (can’t) to have benefits, including health or life
insurance.
3. Both men and women __________ (must) equal opportunities to participate
voluntarily in all activities.
4. There was a belief that gender equality __________ (could) in a society like
Sweden.
5. To this date, it __________ (can’t) that women’s human rights have been fully
guaranteed.
6. If the project obtains 60% or more female roles, __________ it __________ (could)
as a female-driven project?
7. Equity strategies to attain gender equality __________ (should) in policies and
practices.
8. Women __________ (must) to control their bodies including how many children
they want to have.
9. When a woman marries, it __________ (may) that she makes choice of the
management of a household.
10. __________ feminism and environmentalism __________ (might) to promote
respect for women and the natural world?
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. Women ________ as men, but people ________ how that is practiced.
A. ought to be respected and valued - should discuss
B. ought to respect and value - should be discussed
C. ought to be respected and valued - should be discussed
D. oughtn’t to respect and value - should discuss
2. Gender stereotypes are dangerous because they ________ situations that we
________ in our perceptions.
A. can’t cause - might disorient B. can be caused - might be
disoriented
C. can be caused - might disorient D. can cause - might be disoriented
3. Judges ________ in gender issues, and institutions dealing with cases of violence
against women ________ for compliance with the law.
A. should train - should monitor B. should be trained - should monitor
C. should be trained - should be monitored D. should train -
should be monitored
4. Gender equality in sport _______ by women alone, and men _______ to bring
about change.
A. can’t achieve - must be included B. can’t be achieved - must be
included
C. can’t achieve - must include D. can be achieved - mustn’t include
5. Objectification ________ out, and girls ________ to tell their own stories - ones
that reflect their power, potential and diversity.
A. must be called - mustn’t be encouraged
B. mustn’t be called - mustn’t be encouraged
C. mustn’t be called - must be encouraged
D. must be called - must be encouraged
6. Gender equality and empowerment of women ________ an inextricable link and
________ together.
A. can have - ought to handle B. can be had - ought to be handled
C. can have - ought to be handled D. can be had - ought to handle
7. Women ________ to possess farmlands, and cultural norms that limits women
from taking part completely in agriculture ________.
A. ought to be permitted - ought to be abrogated
B. ought to permit - ought to abrogate
C. ought to be permitted - ought to abrogate
D. ought to permit - ought to be abrogated
8. Showing a degrading image of women in films ________ to encourage violence,
whereas showing positive images of men and women ________ to help counter it.
A. may be seen - may be seen B. might be seen - can see
C. must see - might see D. could see -
should be seen
9. A gender stereotype is a preconception about characteristics that ________ or
the roles that ________ by women and men.
A. ought to possess - should perform
B. ought to be possessed - should perform
C. ought to be possessed - should be performed
D. ought to possess - should be performed
10. We ________ that without improving the status of women, little ________ in the
effort to solve problems at a global scale.
A. must be recognized - could be achieved B. must
recognize - could be achieved
C. must be recognized - could achieve D. mustn’t recognize - couldn’t
achieve

IV. Complete the second sentences in the passive voice.

1. They must include women in the human rights protection system.
Women must_________________________________________________________________
2. Can you identify and address gender equality perspectives and strategies?
Can___________________________________________________________________________?
3. People should maintain the principles of impartiality and non-selectivlty.
The principles________________________________________________________________
4. We can empower women to identify and address challenges and constraints.
Women can___________________________________________________________________
5. They may require a range of targeted interventions to achieve gender equality.
A range of targeted interventions may________________________________________
6. Should they consider women a sector when it comes to development funding?
Should________________________________________________________________________?
7. We couldn’t see gender injustice just as being perpetrated by outside forces.
Gender injustice______________________________________________________________
8. They must turn around the underinvestment in women’s economic
empowerment.
The underinvestment in______________________________________________________
9. Social participation in community through volunteering could promote active
aging.
Active aging__________________________________________________________________
10. Can the activists utilize gender mainstreaming mandates systematically and
effectively?
Can___________________________________________________________________________?
11. The high cost of living might force girls to drop out when they start school.
When girls start school, they__________________________________________________
12. They must mainstream gender equality into all sustainable development
goals as a cross-cutting issue.
Gender equality must_________________________________________________________
13. What can we do to overcome gender bias and create a world with equal
opportunities?
What can_____________________________________________________________________?
14. Organisations shouldn’t underestimate the impact of gender-equality on
socioeconomic trends.
The impact of_________________________________________________________________
15. The governments could support human rights projects, in full respect of the
sovereignty of all countries.
Human rights projects________________________________________________________
16. The authorities should encourage committees and councils to record cases of
violence against women.
Committees and councils should______________________________________________
17. Should they give top priority to realize gender equality, regardless of the
socioeconomic conditions?
Should________________________________________________________________________?
18. Schools must protect both male and female students from psychological,
physical, and sexual abuse.
Both male and female students_______________________________________________
19. When the labour market becomes unstable, industrial restructuring might
affect women.
When the labour market becomes unstable, women__________________________
20. Teachers ought to admonish female students to approach science subjects,
especially mathematics.
Female students______________________________________________________________

V. Choose the underlined part that needs correcting.

1. They could give more consideration to pursuing gender equality relating
actions in
A B C D
several areas.
2. Workers in different fields, like agriculture and health, might be trained to
integrate
A B C
gender in what they are done.
D
3. All students ought to exposed to the same curricula although the coursework
may be
A B C D
taught differently.
4. The discrepancy between the value attached to women’s work in relation to
men’s
A B C
work should resolve.
D
5. We must give girls and women priority in the field of education because
persistent
A B C
gender inequality in this sphere.
D
6. Could be gender mainstreaming tools and mechanisms be formalised in
government
A B C D
institutions and processes?
7. Liberal feminists write about ways in which women’s voice can give equal
importance
A B C
to men’s voice.
D
8. The more women there were in governments, the most it would be accepted
that they
A B C
belonged to where they were.
D
9. The decision-making processes of women may be resisted if she haven’t been
involved
 A B C D
in community affairs.
10. People could discuss gender injustice in a vacuum - it had to be looked at in
the
A B C
context of all those who were discriminated against.
D

D. SPEAKING
I. Choose the best answer to complete the dialogues.
1. - “Could I check out before you, Sir?” - “Sure. ________”
A. The first lady. B. Ladies first.
C. Gentlemen first. D. The last gentleman.
2. - “Did you learn any first aid at school?” - “________”
A. You’re right. It’s useful to learn first aid.
B. No, they didn’t teach first aid at school but at the hospital.
C. Yes, when I was in grade 9.
D. No, the teachers only taught us first aid.
3. - “________ “It’s a remedy for discrimination.”
A. How do you think about the Gender Equality Policy?
B. What is the Gender Equality Policy about?
C. Do you find the Gender Equality Policy effective?
D. Will they bring in a policy for gender discrimination?
4. - “Does he know I’m here?” - “________”
A. Yes, he knows you. B. No, he’s not here.
C. No, I don’t know. D. Yes, he does.
5. - “________” - “They recruit both women and men for that position.”
A. Are they still looking for candidates for the position of Executive Assistant?
B. I don’t know if the Executive Assistant position is open for males.
C. What do they require for the Executive Assistant position?
D. Some people think the assistant role is female dominated.

II. Match the sentences.

1. I see most nurses are women. a. Yes, both of them.
2. What are the requirements for this b. Evidently not.
position? c. You’re right, but there are more and
3. Can both men and women do this more men working as a nurse.
job? d. Yes, absolutely.
 e. I’m afraid I disagree. There are more
4. I’d like you to explain your childish boys than girls in my science class.
behaviour. f. You must have a Bachelor’s degree
5. I’m working part-time as a shop in engineering plus two years of
assistant. working experience.
g. That’s not true. Women’s self-worth
6. Shall we meet at the central post is still threatened in marriages.
office on Sunday morning? h. Really? How much do you earn a
month?

7. Science is equally taught to boys i. I couldn’t agree more on the date,

but we should find another venue.
and girls.
j. I’m sorry, but I didn’t intentionally let
you down.
8. Do you confide in his honesty?
9. Women are no longer dominated by
men in their relationships.
10. I’m afraid I couldn’t finish the work
last night.
E. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.
(1) __________ in girls’ education transforms communities, countries and the
entire world. Girls who receive an education are less likely to marry young and
more likely to (2) __________ healthy, productive lives. They earn higher (3)
__________ , participate in the decisions that most affect them, and build better
futures for (4) __________ and their families.
Girls’ education strengthens economies and reduces (5) __________ . It
contributes to more stable, resilient societies that give all individuals - including
boys and men - the opportunity to fulfil their (6)__________ .
But education for girls is about (7) __________ than access to school. It’s also
about girls feeling (8) __________ in classrooms and supported in the subjects and
careers they choose to pursue - including those in which they are often under-
represented.
1. A. Paying B. Investing C. Exploiting D. Making
2. A. live B. have C. spend D. lead
3. A. incomes B. profits C. money D. career
4. A. themselves B. ourselves C. herself D. himself
5. A. quality B. equally C. equality D. inequality
6. A. potent B. potential C. potency D. impotence
7. A. rather B. better C. more D. less
8. A. uneasy B. tired C. safe D. worried
II. Read the passage and choose the best answers to the questions.
 Gender defines and differentiates what women and men, and girls and boys,
are expected to be and do (their roles, responsibilities, rights and obligations).
While there are very distinct biological differences between boys and girls and
these can create different needs and capacities for each, these differences do not
in themselves lead to or justify unequal social status or rights. The distinct roles
and behaviours that are defined for boys and girls, and men and women in a
society may give rise to gender inequalities, i.e. differences between men and
women that systematically favour one group.
Gender can be a key determinant of who does what, who has what, who
decides, who has power, and even who gets an education or not. In many
societies, boys are seen as the ones who should be educated, while girls are not.
UNICEF states that Gender equality means that women and men, and girls
and boys, enjoy the same rights, resources, opportunities and protections.
Gender inequality arises when one group is seen in a society as having more
rights than the other. International declarations such as CEDAW promote and
defend women’s rights, and therefore, today, gender equality is promoted as a
fundamental condition for the full enjoyment of human rights by women and
men. This right is recognized as a condition for growth and development and
global organizations promote gender equality in their work.
Nevertheless, gender inequalities persist in a wide range of areas.
Overcoming gender inequalities requires profound transformations in social
structures and relationships between men and women.
1. Which of the following best serves the title of the passage?
A. What is gender inequality?
B. Roles, responsibilities, rights and obligations of women and men
C. Social status and rights of women and men
D. Gender equality on a global scale
2. According to the first and the second paragraphs, what may give rise to gender
inequalities?
A. Distinct biological differences between men and women
B. Different needs and capacities between men and women
C. Distinct roles and behaviours of men and women in a society
D. Men and women’s roles, responsibilities, rights and obligations
3. The passage suggests that ________ are prone to gender inequalities.
A. only women B. only men
C. both women and men D. either
women or men
4. The phrase ‘This right’ in the fourth paragraph refers to ________.
A. any of the human rights B. gender equality
C. women’s rights D. human rights
5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
 A. Gender can be a key determinant of who gets an education or not.
B. Gender equality means that women should enjoy more rights, resources,
opportunities and protections than men do.
C. UNICEF only promotes and defends women’s rights when gender inequality
arises.
D. Overcoming gender inequalities requires women to replace their social
structures and relationships with those of men.

E. WRITING
I. Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original
one.
1. FIFA Women’s World Cup is held every four years.
A. They held FIFA Women’s World Cup in four years.
B. There is a FIFA Women’s World Cup every four years.
C. FIFA has held the Women’s World Cup for four years.
D. It takes four years for them to hold a FIFA Women’s World Cup.
2. Is the surgeon’s job traditionally done by men?
A. Is it the tradition that the surgeon’s job is done by men?
B. Do men have a tradition of doing the surgeon’s job?
C. Is it traditional for men to do the surgeon’s job?
D. Do men break the tradition by doing the surgeon’s job?
3. Some women are unable to read or write.
A. Most women can read or write.
B. The fact that some women are unable to read or write is impossible.
C. It’s possible for some women to read or write.
D. Some women can’t read or write.
4. More than half of the world’s uneducated people are women.
A. Women are more educated than men in the world.
B. Men are more uneducated than women in the world.
C. There are more educated men than educated women in the world.
D. There are fewer uneducated women than uneducated men in the world.
5. Men often earn more than women for doing the same job.
A. Men outnumber women in both earning and doing the same job.
B. Women don’t often earn as much as men do for doing the same job.
C. To earn more than women, men often have to do the same job.
D. Doing the same job makes men earn more than women.
II. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first one.
1. Cooking classes may not be offered to only female students.
 They may not_________________________________________________________________
2. We must prevent violence against women and girls.
It’s essential__________________________________________________________________
3. It’s necessary to encourage women to pursue a career in the sciences.
Women need to_______________________________________________________________
4. It’s not great to have only boys or girls in a class.
Having only __________________________________________________________________
5. They may not allow girls to be pilots in some countries.
Girls may not_________________________________________________________________
6. At what age did most of the girls in your village get married?
How old______________________________________________________________________?
7. Women have to work longer than men to earn the same amount of money.
Men don’t____________________________________________________________________
8. Although women have to do more work, the rate of poverty among women is
still high.
Women have to_______________________________________________________________
9. If girls receive more education, they are likely to have better jobs and higher
salaries.
The more education__________________________________________________________
10. Child marriage might carry health risks as young girls aren’t physically
developed to give birth.
Young girls aren’t_____________________________________________________________