OLIVE PUBLIC SCHOOL
PHYSICS
AIP PROJECT
BY
R.VIVASH
Introduction
Gravitation is a fundamental force in nature that governs the attraction
between two objects with mass. Sir Isaac Newton first described this force in
the 17th century, formulating the law of universal gravitation. According to
this law, every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle
with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
In simpler terms, gravitation is what keeps planets in orbit around the Sun,
causes objects to fall to the ground, and influences the motion of celestial
bodies throughout the universe. It is a force that acts over any distance, and
its e ects become more pronounced with increasing mass and decreasing
distance between objects.
GRAVITY
It is a natural force that pulls all objects toward the
center of the earth. It keeps the moon orbiting around
the Earth. It holds stars together. It binds galaxies
together for billions of years. It prevents the planets
from losing their atmospheres.
Law of Universal Gravitation
Newton formulated the law of universal gravitation, which states that
every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force that
is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
The SI unit of G is Nm2kg-2 and its value is 6.673 x 10-11 Nm2kg-2
.The strength of the gravitational attraction between two objects
depends on two factors:
How big the objects are (how much mass they have)
How far apart they are.
FREE FALL
Freefall can be defined as a scenario when an
object is moving only under the e ect of the
Earth's gravitational pull.
TO CALCULATE THE VALUE OF “G”
ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY
The acceleration due to gravity is denoted by g. The unit of g is
the same as the unit of acceleration which is ms-2 . From the
second law of motion, force is the product of mass and
and acceleration due to gravity. 𝐹 = 𝑚g
acceleration. F = ma For free fall, force is the product of mass
MASS AND WEIGHT
Mass is a fundamental, universal property. You have the
same amount of mass no matter where you are in the
universe. Weight is not fundamental. Its value depends
on circumstances in the universe. Weight is a force
THRUST & PRESSURE
Thrust is the force acting on an object perpendicular to
the surface
Pressure is the force acting on the unit area
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = Thrust/Area
of a surface.
PRESSURE IN FLUIDS
Fluids exert pressure in all directions. The
pressure exerted on fluids is transmitted
equally in all directions.
BUOYANCY
When an object is immersed in a fluid it experiences
an upward force called buoyant force. This property
is called buoyancy or upthrust
ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE
Archimedes’ principle states that when a body is
partially or fully immersed in a fluid it
experiences an upward force that is equal to the
weight of the fluid displaced by it.
RELATIVE DENSITY
The relative density of a substance is the ratio of
the density of a substance to the density of water.
It is a ratio of similar quantities and therefore has
no unit
Thank YOU
