A Project Report on
Laser Security System
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of degree in
BACHELOR OF TECHONOLOGY
By
(Rajyavardhan Tyagi)
Sr.no – 30
Roll No--2300821530043
Under the guidance of
Project Guide
(Mrs. Shuchita Saxena)
(Asst. Prof. Electronics Engineering Department)
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
LAB[BEC251]
MORADABAD INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
RAMGANGA VIHAR, PHASE-2, MORADABAD-244001(U.P.)
Session:2023-2024
Introduction
Laser based Security System is a type of security and
alarm system that uses laser light and a light sensor. A
security system protects our homes, offices, banks, lockers
etc. from intrusion and unauthorised access. There are
different types of security systems available and laser-
based security system is an important and efficient type.
A Laser security system can act as a standalone system,
which makes some sound or noise when it detects any
irregular activity, or can be part of a much bigger security
and home automation system, which can send messages,
call the owner etc.
In this project, we have designed a simple DIY lased based
security system, which acts as a tripwire like security
system and triggers an alarm when the laser interrupted.
Components used
A Laser security system consists of following components
1. Transistor
2. Resistor (2.2kohm)
3. LED
4. LDR
5. Battery (9V)
6. Buzzer
7. Cardboard
8. Connecting wires
Uses of components: -
Battery is used as the power supply to the circuit
The BC547 is a small-signal NPN bipolar junction transistor
(BJT) commonly used in electronic circuits for
both amplification and switching purposes. Here are some
key details about the BC547 transistor:
Pinout Configuration:
o Collector ©: Current flows in through the collector.
o Base (B): Controls the biasing of the transistor.
o Emitter (E): Current drains out through the emitter.
A resistor is a two-terminal passive electrical component
that provides electrical resistance in a circuit. Here’s
what it does:
Limit and Regulate Current Flow: Resistors control
the flow of electrons by resisting current.
Voltage Division: By creating a voltage drop,
resistors help provide the proper voltage across
elements in a circuit
An electronic component like LDR or light-dependent
resistor is responsive to light. Once light rays drop on
it, then immediately the resistance will be changed.
The resistance values of an LDR may change over
several orders of magnitude. The resistance value will
be dropped when the light level increases.
Streetlights
Photographic light meters
Solar cells
Automatic lighting systems
Electronic musical instruments
An audio signaling device like a beeper or buzzer may
be electromechanical type. The main function of this is
to convert the signal from audio to sound. Generally, it
is powered through DC voltage and used in timers,
alarm devices, printers, alarms, computers, etc. Based
on the various designs, it can generate different
sounds like alarm, music, bell & siren.
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device
that emits light when an electric current flows through
it. When current passes through an LED, the electrons
recombine with holes emitting light in the process.
LEDs allow the current to flow in the forward direction
and blocks the current in the reverse direction.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Laser falls on the LDR
IR Radiation
Received by the
LDR
Circuit complete
No Buzzer sound
until The laser IR
Radiation is
removed from the
LDR
Circuit Diagram
Working principle
The basic sensing component of a modern laser security
system is an infrared motion detector. The motion detector
contains four parts: the laser, the mirrors, the detector and
the sensing electronics. An infrared motion detector works
by projecting a beam of light that shoots across a space
into a series of mirrors and finally into a detector, which
emits a particular voltage into the sensing electronics as
long as the laser hits it. When the beam of light is broken,
the detector changes its voltage output into the sensing
electronics, which then trigger an alarm.
If infrared sensors are placed strategically, the beams of
light will make it impossible for an intruder to come into
the area without the sensor being alerted. The sensor,
which is connected to the basic alarm unit through a
wireless connection, then triggers the basic unit to alert
the monitoring service through which the customer
purchased the security plan. The monitoring service will
contact the home and, if no response is received, will
contact the police. In most models, the basic unit also
sounds a loud alarm, though some systems use a silent
alarm that contacts the police without notifying the
suspected criminal.
Results
The circuit is shown in a house model displaying the
working as the Laser Security Alarm System
Applications
Intrusion detection
Video surveillance
Traffic monitoring
Fire warning systems
Residential and commercial security
Integration with other systems like CCTV and
access control
Automatic person identification
