G.L.

BAJAJ COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

GREATER NOIDA
Mini Project -2

On

“Emerging Trends in FMCG Industry”

TOWARDS THE PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

DEGREE OF

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

(Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)

By
Shashank Gangwar
(Roll No.- 2312000700217)
Session: 2023-24
Under the Supervision of
Dr. Shruti Traymak
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work presented in this report entitled “MINI PROJECT-2", was carried out by me. I

have not submitted the matter embodied in this report for the award of any other degree or diploma of any

other University or Institute. I have given due credit to the original authors/sources for all the words, ideas,

diagrams, graphics, computer programs, experiments, results, that are not my original contribution. I have

used quotation marks to identify verbatim sentences and given credit to the original authors/sources. I affirm

that no portion of my work is plagiarized, and the experiments and results reported in the report are not

manipulated. In the event of a complaint of plagiarism and the manipulation of the experiments and results, I

shall be fully responsible and answerable.

Name: Shashank Gangwar :

Roll. No.: 2312000700217 :

(Candidate Signature)
 G. L. BAJAJ
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
Approved by A.I.C.T.E. &affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Shashank Gangwarhas undertaken this Mini Project-1 titled
“Emerging Trends in FMCG Industyr”for partial fulfillment of the award of Master
of Business Administration degree from Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam Technical
University, Lucknow (U. P.), India .

I wish him all the best for his bright future ahead.

Date: Project Supervisor

Department of Management Studies

Head of Department
Department of Management Studies
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have contributed to the successful
completion of this Mini-Project Report. Their guidance, support, and insights have been invaluable
throughout this endeavour.

First and foremost, I extend my heartfelt thanks to my faculty mentor for his/her unwavering
encouragement and mentorship. His/her expertise and constructive feedback have significantly
enriched my understanding of the subject matter.

Secondly, I appreciate the industry professionals, practitioners, and experts who generously shared
their time and knowledge during interviews, surveys, and interactions. Their real-world insights
have provided practical context to our theoretical analyses.

Lastly, I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to Dr Vikas Tripathi(HOD) who

supportedme throughout the course and constantly reviewed my progress.

In conclusion, this project has been a rewarding learning experience, and I am grateful to everyone
who contributed to its successful completion.

Thank you.
Sincerely,

Name: Shashank Gangwar

Date :
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction..........................................................................................1-1

2. Problem Statement...............................................................................2-4

3. Significance.........................................................................................5-6

4. Objective.............................................................................................7-8

5. Theoretical Understanding................................................................. 9-13

6. Feasibility Analysis........................................................................... 14-18

7. Limitation...........................................................................................19-19

8. Conclusion..........................................................................................19-20

9. References..........................................................................................21-22
 Introduction

In our everyday life, we all go to offline stores to buy essential products that are
needed in our day to day activities. When we go to buy products or simply say to
shopping we use some kind of bag or basket for putting the products into it.
Similarly, when we go to some kind of supermarket stores we use a shopping
trolley or cart for putting the products.

Now, first we should understand that what is a shopping cart or trolley actually is?
“A shopping trolley is a large metal basket on wheels which is provided by shops
such as supermarkets for customers to use while they are in the shop”. It is also
known as “Buggy”. It can collect the quantities of goods purchases in a single trip.
There is no need to go again and again. It can boost store profitability. In many cases
customers can also use the cart to transport their purchased goods to their vehicles.

Let’s take into consideration of the pandemic situation, customers were facing
lots of difficulties in shopping with trollies like first they need to line up and waiting
for their number for Billing and then packaging which seems to be very time
consuming and was also threat of being infected by the virus that is why it is
advisable for shoppers to sanitize the handles. Secondly, when we use these trollies
we don’t realize that whatever we have purchased till now it is in our Budgets or not?
This is the big question because when we do our billing of products and it is out of
our budget we have estimated then we have to take some of the products that our
out of our budget. So these are the some basic problems we have with this kind of
trolley system. Considering these problems I thought of a trolley with Digital
calculator with scanning technique and online payment. In this smarttrolley
when we scan the product and all the details of the product like price, quantity we
have purchased and weight is shown on the screen. In this way we can easily
calculate our total amount.

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 Problem statement

Shopping is an activity in which a customer borrows the available goods or

services presented by one or more retailors with a potential intent to purchase a
suitable selection of them. A typology of shopper’s type has been developed by
scholars which identifies one group of scholars as recreational shoppers, that is,
those who enjoy shopping and view it as a leisure activity.

Shopping hubs or shopping centers are collections of store that is a grouping of

several businesses in a compact geographic area. It consists of collection of retail,
entertainment and service stores designed to serve products and services to the
surrounding region.

In the traditional shopping, one has to leave home, either walk or take a ride to a
particular location in order to buy traditional shopping such like shopping at
shopping center, outlet village, markets or department stores.

There are some problems in traditional way of shopping in which one of them is
use of traditional trolley. The problems which we are facing are –

 Time consuming process

We all are aware of the process when we do shopping in supermarket stores

is that we go through the very time consuming process like in the retail
stores in India, customers are waiting in the queue for billing of their
products, and then packaging of all those products.

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 It takes very long time to complete all this process. This kind of queue is
common in every retail stores or supermarkets because they have limited
billing counters and this is very time consuming.

 Over budgeting problem while purchasing

With this kind of normal shopping trolley, the most common problem that
arises is over-budgeting. When we do shopping we are not able to get what
we buy and how much it costs whether it is under our budget Or not. If the
customers know exactly what they spend, they are more likely to reduce
their purchase and they also don’t worry about going budget over it.

 Long and confusing checkouts

Customers also get frustrated when faced with long checkout processes after
billing. They also have to face difficulties in transporting their goods to their
vehicle’s because not every store provide this facility to hire an employee to
take the trolley from the parking area. So with this complicated and long
confusing checkouts can cause many problems to the customers.

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4
 Significance of the study

Technology has a great influence in human life. Over the last decade the
development of E-commerce has changed our shopping styles and habits.
But the presence of E-commerce has not prevented the traditional market
system. The market is a real life place where the interaction between the
seller and customer take place.

In this project, we focused on the implementation of smart trolley system with

scanning technique and digital calculator which is of great importance or use
in supermarkets to solve Difficulties of customers such as waiting in queues
for billing and controlling the purchases within a preset budget. This work also
reduces the task of the cashier in calculating the total cost while billing. The
traditional trolley is different from this smart trolley. A smart
Trolley can provide a high quality service to its customers. In the modern era,
every supermarket makes use of shopping trolleys in order to help customers
carry products which they wanted to purchase. The customers have to take the
products which they wish to purchase and should drop them into the shopping
trolley and then they have to reach the billing section. The billing process is quite
hectic and it consumes more time and consequently it has created the need for
shops to employ more human resources in the billing section, but still this
problem is not resolved and some customers even face the problem of pushing
the trolley forward when it is loaded with huge quantity. “Smart Shopping
Trolley” is going to be a better solution to it where the trolley is made to follow
the customer automatically using a “Kinect Sensor”. Then, an automatic billing
system is also incorporated where the items will be scanned by a Radio
Frequency Identification reader and the amount will be summed accordingly so
that the final amount is paid without standing in a large queue.

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 Other features of smart trolley-

 Shopping cart along with calculator will help whether you are overshooting
with your budget.
 It will reduce the workload and rush in billing counters nearly to half.
 People keep on shopping and they forget to look after their budget hence
leading to trouble while billing.
 In the time of pandemic like coronavirus, social distancing was hugely
affected because of rush at billing at billing counters.

Picture of a smart trolley system with scanning technique and on line payment

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 Objective of the study
In the present time of shopping system, one of the difficulties that customers
had to face is to follow queue through the billing process which is very time
consuming.

Hence this this project aims to reduce the average time spent by the
customers at the shopping mall by Implementing shopping trollies with
scanning technique and payment method.

 To replace traditional trolleys with these smart trolleys

To improve the traditional billing system so as to improve quality of

shopping. This system will save the time of customers and workload of
employees in the mall.

When we go to the supermarket stores is that we go through the very time

consuming process like in the retail stores in India, customers are waiting in
the queue for billing of their products, and then packaging of all those products
it takes very long time to complete all this process.

 Automatic billing

In this system, the product that customer will purchase, he has to scan the product
and the price and the product details will be displayed on the screen.

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 Easy payment

This smart trolley provide customer with user interface and the billing unit
enable the customer to pay the amount and leave the place without waiting at
the counter in large queue. This will save a lot of time of the customer which
is not possible in traditional trolley system.

 Helpful to customers to calculate their budget while purchasing

This smart trolley will help the customers to know what they buy and how
much they spend over that item by simply scanning the product.

If the screen is showing the total amount of items it will help the customers
in controlling the purchases within a pre-set budget.

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 Theoretical understanding of the topic
This paper introduces a smart trolley which is of great use for shopping at the
supermarkets remedying the difficulties like waiting in large queues at the payment
counter dragging the trolley throughout the shopping time and calculating the total cost
of the items taken, hence providing the quickest shopping experience.

The customers can swipe the shopping card in the built in billing system of the
trolley for payment which will be accounted at the main counter.

In this paper, we discuss an innovative concept of RFID based smart shopping and
billing trolley. The key idea is to assist a person in everyday shopping in terms of
reduced time spent while purchasing a product. The main goal is to provide a
technology oriented, low-cost, easily scalable and rugged system for aiding shopping
in person. The developed system comprises of a server unit (SU), a user interface
unit(UIV), as in – built billing unit(BU) and central unit(CU). Server unit will help in
establishing and maintaining the connection of the shopping cart with the main server.
UIU will provide the customer with user interface and the billing unit enable the user
to pay the amount and leave the place without waiting at the counter in large queue.
The units are integrated into a smart enclosed system and are tested to satisfy the
functionality. The smart shopping cart will help shorten the checkout lines thereby
helping the customers at retail stores. The customers will be able to scan the items
themselves and the LCD screen on the shopping cart will keep updating the total. This
will turn out to be very beneficial for the retail stores as more people will enjoy the
shopping experience and come more often to shop

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We use the trolley following method instead of traditional line following method,
avoiding the requirement of IR transmitters placed at both ends of the aisle and on
the cart to collect information on the entry or exit status of the cart. So there will be
an IR transmitters that the customer can carry handy. It makes ensure that there is
no obstruction in the entrance and exit of each aisle. To eradicate such a problem,
we are using three IR receivers in right, left and center zones of the trolley such
that even if the customer moves out of the range of one IR receiver zone, the other
will catch the signal.

Radio frequency Identification (RFID) is becoming preferable technology as an

alternative to barcode systems. The RFID data contain valuable information for
marketing such as shopping time and distance as well as the number of shelf visits.
RFID systems provide an automatic identification method, relying on storing and
remotely retrieving data using RFID tags or transponders. An RFID tag is an object
that can be attached to or incorporated into a product for the purpose of identification
using radio waves. The point of attraction in the system is an in-built billing system
where each user will be having a smart shopping card which contains some amount
of money that the users have already kept aside for shopping purpose. The display
unit shows the balance amount and amount for which he or she purchased will be
deducted from the balance. In the billing section as the purchasing starts total is
initialized as zero. When an item is added to the cart, the RFID reader detects code
and hence the item, size, weight, price etc. When the reader detects the item, the total
value gets added up with the amount of the item purchased. We have provided a done
key to let our smart trolley know whether the purchase is done or not. Then the
customer is asked for the smart shopping card which again works on the RFID
technology. If the cardis identified, the user will be asked to enter the password of the
card. If password is correct then the total amount in the shopping card will be
reducedby the amount to be purchased or else a message pointing out the non-
existence of thecard is displayed.
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Prototype of a smart trolley

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 QUESTIONAIRE

1. What is your age/gender?

2. Do you prefer online shopping or traditional shopping?

3. How long have you been a tradition customer?

4. What was the total purchase amount on your receipt today?

5. Were the items appropriately priced?

6. Did one or more associates offer to help you?

7. Were the associates friendly?

8. Did you face any rush at the billing counters?

9. Did you ever faced budgeting issues while shopping?

10. If you are asked you will get to know the total amount of shopping you
have done before going to billing counter. Do you prefer to knew it?

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Connection system of smart trolley

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 Feasibility Analysis

Shopping is an activity in which a customer browses the available goods or

services presented by one or more retailers with the potential intent to
purchase a suitable selection of them. A typology of shopper’s type has been
developed by scholars which identifies one group of shoppers as recreational
shoppers, that is, those who enjoy shopping and view it as a leisure activity.
Shoppers shopping experience may vary. They are based on variety of factors
including how the customer is treated, convenience, the types of goods being
purchased and mood.
As the name implies, a feasibility analysis is used to determine the viability
of an idea, such as ensuring a project is legally and technically feasible as
well as economically justifiable. It tells us whether a project is worth the
investment—in some cases, a project may not be doable. There can be many
reasons for this, including requiring too many resources, which not only
prevents those resources from performing other tasks but also may cost more
than an organization would earn back by taking on a project that isn’t
profitable.
A well-designed study should offer a historical background of the
business or project, such as a description of the product or service,
accounting statements, details of operations and management, marketing
research and policies, financial data, legal requirements, and tax
obligations. Generally, such studies precede technical development and
project implementation.

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 The goals of feasibility studies are as follows:

 To understand thoroughly all aspects of a project, concept, or plan

 To become aware of any potential problems that could occur while
implementing the project
 To determine if, after considering all significant factors, the project
is viable—that is, worth undertaking.

Market feasibility

Market segmentation and coverage

Based on mode of technology-

The market was studied across RFID, IR sensor

Based on mode of sales-

The market was studied across shopping malls and supermarket.

Based on Application-

The market was studied across shopping malls and supermarket.

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 Cumulative impact of covid-19

COVID-19 is an incomparable global public health emergency that has

affected almost every industry, and the long-term effects are projected to
impact the industry growth during the forecast period. Our ongoing research
amplifies our research framework to ensure the inclusion of underlying
COVID-19 issues and potential paths forward. The report delivers insights
on COVID-19 considering the changes in consumer behavior and demand,
purchasing patterns, re-routing of the supply chain, dynamics of current
market forces, and the significant interventions of governments. The updated
study provides insights, analysis, estimations, and forecasts, considering the
COVID-19 impact on the market.

Technical feasibility

In technical feasibility the following issues are taken into consideration.

 Whether the required technology is available or not

 Whether the required resources are available Software and hardware

Once the technical feasibility is established, it is important to consider the

monetary factors also. Since it might happen that developing a particular
system may be technically possible but it may require huge investments
and benefits may be less. For evaluating this, economic feasibility of the
proposed system is carried out.

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 Financial feasibility

For any system if the expected benefits equal or exceed the expected costs, the
system can be judged to be economically feasible. In economic feasibility, cost
benefit analysis is done in which expected costs and benefits are evaluated.
Economic analysis is used for evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed system

.In financial feasibility, the most important is cost-benefit analysis. As the name
suggests, it is an analysis of the costs to be incurred in the system and benefits
derivable out of the system.
Objective: The objective of the economic feasibility is to develop a financial model of
the business venture.
Product: The product of this step is a complete integration of the technical product
information and the market study into one or more break-even financial models The
purpose of an economic feasibility study (EFS) is to demonstrate the net benefit of
a proposed project For accepting or disbursing electronic funds/benefits, taking
intoconsideration the benefits and costs to the agency, other state agencies, and the
general public as a whole

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18
Limitations of using smart trolley

 Children can’t sit on the smart shopping cart. This may be bad to customers
who take their little children to the supermarket so may be younger mother
will not choose the smart shopping cart for shopping.
 Not everyone will know how to use smart trolley because of the insufficient
knowledge about scanner or RFID reader.
 There may be scientific error because of the involvement of digital
equipment.
 This project will not be successful in Rural or less developed towns.
 Old age people will find difficulties in handling it.
 If a barcode sensor fails it will be a bit pricey to repair.

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 Conclusion

Shopping is an activity in which a customer browses the available goods or services

presented by one or more retailers with the potential intent to purchase a suitable
selection of them. A typology of shopper’s type has been developed by scholars
which identifies one group of shoppers as recreational shoppers, that is, those who
enjoy shopping and view it as a leisure activity Shoppers' shopping experiences may
vary. They are based on a variety of factors including how the customer is treated,
convenience, the type of goods being purchased, and mood .To overcome the
problem the problem of over budgeting and luggage Carrying we have come with
idea of smart trolley. The smart trolley is an idea of installing the digital calculator
in the shopping carts used by customers to carry things.

The smart trolley will help the customers to know whether they are overshooting
with their budget or everything in their budget.

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 Functions

 The first and main objective of shoppers calculator is that to remind the
customers about their budget.
 To remind the customers whether they are overshooting their budget.

 To bring digitalization in the shopping trends

 To lessen the burden of the sales person at billing counter.

 To avoid rush and discomfort at billing counters.

If a customer has to wait for a long time, it ends up making him impatient and
he leaves the store without making the purpose that he came for certainly the long
queues and the time spent at billing counters is an enormous waste of time, it
happens even at your neighborhood retail shop.

 The shoppers calculator will be economically feasible because it will cost

certainly less on installation of digital calculator.
 The shoppers calculator will be operationally feasible as it will be easy to
use and will be time saving. It will also reduce the work load and rush at
billing counter.
 The shoppers calculator will be technically feasible as it is easy to use by all
groups of people of all ages.

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 REFERENCES

https://www.researchgate.net/publication

Roser, M.; Ritchie, H. Smoking. Available online:

https://ourworldindata.org/
http://www.irjet.net/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337636540_
_in_bitumen_for_flexible_pavements
https://2019.igem.org/Team:Ionis_Paris/Entrepreneurship
www.terracycle.com
www.codeefforts.com

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