EXPERIMENT -18

AIM: To identify the one acidic and one basic radical present in the given unknown inorganic
compound.
Material Required:-Test tube, Test tube holder burner, suitable chemical reagent, filter
paper, beaker, water bottle, litmus paper etc.
Observation:-
Table for acidic radical
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Take a small amount No observation. Dil.H2SO4 group absent.
of salt in a test tube
and add 1 -2 ml of
dilute H2SO4 in it, heat
the test tube.
2. Take a small amount Reddish brown gas with NO3- may be
of salt in another test pungent smell turns FeSO4
tube and add 1-2 ml of solution black.
conc. H2SO4 in it, now
heat the test tube.
3. Confirmatory test Dark brown fumes of NO3- confirms
(i) Copper chip test nitrogen dioxide evolved.
Heat a small quantity
of original salt with
conc.H2SO4 acid and
few copper chips.
(ii) Ring test Dark brown ring is formed NO3- confirms
Add a small quantity at the junction of layer of
of freshly prepared acid and the solution.
solution of FeSO4 to a
part of aq. Solution
and then pour
conc.H2SO4 acid
slowly along the side
of test tube.

Table for basic radical

Experiment Observation Inference
1. Take a small amount No observation. Zero group absent.
of salt in a test tube (NH4+) absent.
and add few amount
of NaOH and heat it.
2. Take a small amount No observation. Ist group absent.
of aq. salt solution in a (Pb2+) absent.
 test tube and add 1-2
ml of dil. HCl in it.
3. In above solution No observation. IInd group absent.
having dil .HCl pass (Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+) absent.
H2S gas through the
solution.

4. If no ppt. is formed No observation. IIIrd group absent.

add conc. HNo3 to the (Fe3+, Al3+) absent.
remaining solution,
boil, cool , and then
add NH4OH in excess
till the ammonical
smell is not obtained.

5. In the above solution No observation. IVth group absent.

pass H2S gas again. (Zn2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Ni2+)
absent.

6. To the above White ppt. formed Vth group present.

remaining ammonical (Ba2+, Ca2+, Sr2+) may be.
solution add
ammonium carbonate
solution.
Filtered the above
with ppt. Dissolve the
ppt. in hot dil. acetic
acid.
7. Confirmatory test
For barium ion :
(i) Potassium Yellow ppt. formed Ba2+ Confirms.
chromate (K2CrO4)
To the above solution
add a few drops of
K2CrO4 solution.
(ii) Flame test Persistent gressy green Ba2+ Confirms.
Performed flame test flame on prolonged heating
with the salt

Result:-In given unknown inorganic compound contains.

Acidic radical: - Nitrate ion (NO3-)
Basic radical : - Barium ion (Ba2+)
Given Salt : - Barium Nitrate Ba(NO3)2
 EXPERIMENT -19

AIM: To identify the one acidic and one basic radical present in the given unknown inorganic
compound.
Material Required:-Test tube, Test tube holder burner, suitable chemical reagent, filter
paper, beaker, water bottle, litmus paper etc.
Observation:-
Table for acidic radical
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Take a small amount No observation. Dil.H2SO4 group absent.
of salt in a test tube
and add 1-2 ml of
dilute H2SO4 in it, heat
the test tube.
2. Take a small amount Light vinegar like smell CH3COO- may be
of salt in another test obtained.
tube and 1-2 ml of
conc. H2SO4 in it, now
heat the test tube.
3. Confirmatory test
(i) FeCl3 Test
Take a small aq. salt Blood red colour appears. CH3COO- confirms
solution in a test tube
and add 1 ml of FeCl3
solution.
(ii) Ester Test
Take a small amount Fruity smell of ester is CH3COO- confirms
of salt in a test tube obtained.
and add few amount
of conc. H2SO4 and
C2H5OH then heat.

(iii) Oxalic acid test

Make paste with Dense vinegar like smell CH3COO- confirms
little quantity of salt observed.
and solid oxalic acid
and 3-4 drops of
water rub it between
thumb & finger and
smell.
Table for basic radical
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Take a small amount No observation. Zero group absent.
of salt in a test tube (NH4+) absent.
and add few amount
of NaOH and heat it
2. Take a small amount No observation. Ist group absent.
of aq. salt solution in a
test tube and add 1-2
ml of dil. HCl in it, heat
the test tube.
3. In above solution No observation. IInd group absent.
having dil. HCl pass (Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+) absent.
H2S gas through the
solution.

4. If no ppt. is formed No observation. IIIrd group absent.

add conc. HNo3 to the (Fe3+, Al3+) absent.
remaining solution,
boil cool , and then
add NH4OH in excess
till the ammonical
smell is not obtained.

5. In the above solution No observation. IVth group absent.

pass H2S gas again. (Zn2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Ni2+)
absent.

6. To the remaining White ppt. formed Vth group present.

ammonical solution (Ba2+, Ca2+, Sr2+) may be.
add ammonium
carbonate solution.
Filtered the above
white ppt. Dissolve
the ppt. in hot dil.
acetic acid.

7. Confirmatory test
for Sr2+ :
(i) Ammonium sulphate
(NH4)2SO4 test
In the above solution White ppt. formed. Sr2+ confirms.
add 1 ml of
ammonium sulphate
 solution and warm
the test tube
(ii) Flame test
Performed flame test Crimson red flame obtained Sr2+ confirms.
with the salt. on heating.

Result:-In given unknown inorganic compound contains.

Acidic radical: - Acetate ion (CH3COO-)
Basic radical :- Strontium ion(Sr2+)
Given Salt : - Strontium acetate (CH3COO)2Sr
 EXPERIMENT -20

AIM: To identify the one acidic and one basic radical present in the given unknown inorganic
compound.
Material Required:-Test tube, Test tube holder burner, suitable chemical reagent, filter
paper, beaker, water bottle, litmus paper etc.
Observation:-
Table for acidic radical
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Take a small amount No observation Dil H2SO4 group absent.
of salt in a test tube
and add 1-2 ml of
dilute H2SO4 in it, heat
the test tube.
2. Take a small amount Brisk effervescence of CO2 Conc.H2SO4 group present.
of salt in another test gas evolved. C2O42- ion may be.
tube and add 1-2 ml of
conc. H2SO4 in it.
3. Confirmatory test
(i) Potassium The pink colour of C2O42-confirms
Permanganate test potassium permanganate is
Take a pinch of salt in decolourised with the
test tube and add few evolution of CO2.
amount of dil. H2SO4
in it and warm the test
tube and add 2-3 drop
of potassium
permanganate
solution.

Table for basic radical

Experiment Observation Inference
1. Take a small amount No observation Zero group absent.
of salt in a test tube (NH4+) absent.
and add few amount
of NaOH and heat it.
2. Take a small amount No observation Ist group absent.
of aq. salt solution in a (Pb2+) absent.
test tube and add 1-2
ml of dil. HCl in it.
 3. In above solution No observation IInd group absent.
having dil .HCl pass (Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+) absent.
H2S gas through the
solution.

4. If no ppt. is formed White ppt. is obtained IIIrd group present.

add conc. HNO3 to the Al3+ may be.
remaining solution
boil, cool , and then
add NH4OH in excess
till the ammonical
smell is not obtained .

5. Confirmatory test Blue-white ppt. floating on Al3+ confirms

(i)Lake test the colourless solution
Dissolve the white
ppt. in dil. HCl Add
two drops of blue
litmus solution into it
Now add ammonium
hydroxide drop-wise
till blue colour
develop.

Result:-In given unknown inorganic compound contains.

Acidic radical: - Oxalate ion (C2O42-)
Basic radical :-Aluminium ion (Al3+)
Given Salt :-Aluminium oxalate Al2(C2O4)3
 EXPERIMENT -21

AIM: To identify the one acidic and one basic radical present in the given unknown inorganic
compound.
Material Required:-Test tube, Test tube holder burner, suitable chemical reagent, filter
paper, beaker, water bottle, litmus paper etc.
Observation:-
Table for acidic radical
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Take a small amount No observation Dil. H2SO4 group absent.
of salt in a test tube
and add 1-2 ml of
dilute H2SO4 in it, heat
the test tube.
2. Take a small amount No observation. Conc. H2SO4 group absent.
of salt in another test
tube and add 1-2 ml of
conc. H2SO4 in it .Now
heat the test tube.
3. Take a small amount A deep yellow ppt. formed. PO43- confirms
of aq. salt in test tube
add conc Nitric acid
and boil the solution
.Now add ammonium
molybdate solution in
excess and again boil.

Table for basic radical

Experiment Observation Inference
1. Take a small amount A gas is evolved with Zero group (NH4+) may be.
of salt in a test tube ammonical smell.
and add few amount
of NaOH and heat it.
2. (i) Bring the glass rod White fumes of NH4Cl NH4+ confirms
diped in dil. HCl to the obtained.
mouth of the test tube.
(ii) Nessler’s Brown ppt. formed NH4+ confirms
Reagent test
Take small amount of
salt in a test tube and
add small amount of
Nessler’s Reagent in it
Result:-In given unknown inorganic compound contains.
Acidic radical:-Phoshate ion (PO43-)
Basic radical : - Ammonium ion (NH4+)
Given Salt :- Ammonium Phosphate (NH4)3PO4