JIGJIGA

UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

ASSESSEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE

REGARDING TO EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG
FEMALE STUDENTS IN JIGJIGA UNIVERSITY, 2015.

INVESTIGATORS:

NAME ID. NO

1. Betelihem H\selassie
0948\04
2. Abayneh Alemu 1743\03
3. Hassen Ahmed 0958\04

ADVISORS: Tadele .K (BSc, MSc), Yonas. A (BSc, MSc)

A RESEARCH SUBMITTED TO JIGJIGA UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF

HEALTH SCIENCES, AND DEPARTMENT OF NURSING FOR THE
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF BACHELOR SCIENCE DEGREE IN
NURSING.

DECEMBER, 2015
 JIGJIGA, ETHIOPIA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all we would like to forward our thanks to the department of Nursing for giving us the
opportunity to prepare this research paper.

We would also like to extend our greatest gratitude to our advisors Mr. Tadele kenti and Mr.
Yonas Alemayehu for their valuable guidance and constructive comments.

Last but not least we would like to thank every person who participates in our activities such as
librarians and Jigjig a management bureau.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOPIC PAGE
Acknowledgement………………………………………….. I
Table of contents…………………………………………….. II
Acronyms.………………..…………………………………. III
List of tables and figures …………………………………… IV
Abstract……………………………………………………......V

1. Introduction……………………………………………….1
1.1-Background of the study ……………………………….1
1.2-Statement of problems………………………………… 2

1.3-Significance of the study…………………………… …3

2. Literature review ………………………………………...4

3. Objectives…………………………………………………8
3.1-General objective………………………………………8

3.2-specific objectives……………………………………...8

4. Methodology………………………………………………9

4.1-study area …………………………………………..…...9

4.2-study design and period .………………………….…….9

4.3-source of population………………………………..…...9

4.4-study population……………………………………........9

4.5-Inclusion and exclusion criteria…………………………9

4.5.1-Inclusion criteria…………………………………….9

4.5.2-Exclusion criteria……………………………………9

4.6-Sample size estimation…………………………..……….9

4.7-Sampling procedure………………………….………….10

4.8-Variables…………………………………………………..13

4.8.1-dependent variables………….………………………...13

4.8.2- independent variables…………………………………13

4.9 Operational definition..……………………………………13

4.10-data collection tools………………….…………………..13

4.11-data quality control………………………………………14

4.12-data process and analysis………………………………...14

4.13-ethical considerations……………………….……………14

5. Result...............................…………………………………...14

6. Discussion……………………………………………………15

7. Conclusion.............……………………….………………….16

8. Recommendation……………………………………………17

9. Dissemination of the finding…………………………..........20

10. Strength and limitation……………………………………21

11. References..............................................................................22

12. Annex………………………………………………………..23

12.1. English version questionnaires…………………….23

12.2. Amharic version questionnaires..................................24

 Acronym

AAU- Addis Ababa University

CORHA- Consortium of Reproductive Health Association

EC- Emergency Contraception

ECP- Emergency Contraceptive Pills

EOC- Emergency Oral Contraception

ESOG- Ethiopia Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology

FGHA- Family Guidance Health Association

FMOH- Federal Ministry of Health

IUCD- Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device

KAP- Knowledge, Attitude and Practice

Km- Kilometer

USA- United States of America

WHO- World Health Organizations

 TABLES AND FIGURES

Table-1 Socio-demographic characteristics of female students of Jigjig a University, Ethiopia,

2015.

Table-2 The sexual characteristics of Jigjiga University female students, Ethiopia, 2015.

Table-3 Knowledge of emergency contraceptive among female students of Jigjiga University,

Ethiopia, 2015

Table-4 Attitudes on emergency contraceptive among female students of Jigjiga University,

Ethiopia, May, 2015

Table-5 Practice on EC, source and reason not to use EC among female students of Jigjiga
University, Ethiopia, 2015.

Figure-1 Frequency distribution of students based on their knowledge about types of modern
contraception, university of Jigjiga, Ethiopia, 2015.

Figure-2 the main source of information about emergency contraceptive among female students
of Jigjiga University, Ethiopia, 2015.
 ABSTRACT

Introduction: - Emergency contraception is a method used to prevent pregnancy after

unprotected sexual intercourse. In developing countries despite restrictive law and lack of
abortion service, some young women with unintended pregnancies obtain abortion, many of
which are performed in unsafe way and others carry their pregnancies to term including risk of
morbidity and mortality higher than those for adult women. many young women don’t know this
method & it has been difficult to obtain even if women are aware of this method due to lack of
accurate & detailed knowledge, poor attitude towards this method, in availability of service,
improper use of time, reluctant of young women to request the medication, denial of pregnancy
risk, fear of side effects &cultural &religion influences . To tackle this problem different
programs have been advised but a satisfactory outcome has not been achieved yet.

Objective: - the aim of the study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding to
emergency contraception use among female students of Jigjig a University, 2015.

Method: - an institutional based cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire

was conducted from February 2 to 14, 2015 after it is pretested. A stratified random sampling
technique will be used to selected samples for study. By considering 5% non-response rate the
total sample size will be 285. Finally the data will be processed by using descriptive statistics
(percentage, frequency).

Result: Out of the total 285 respondents, 119(41.75%) were sexually active, 38(31.93%) had
history of pregnancy and 25(80.65%) had history of induced abortion. About 226(79.3%) had
heard about emergency contraceptive, from those who heard about emergency contraceptive
153(67.7%) of respondents correctly identified the time frame to take EC pill within 72hrs after
unprotected sex. Out of the total, 187(65.6%) of respondents had good knowledge, majority,
203(71.2%) of the students had favorable (positive) attitude toward EC, 43(36.13%) had used EC
methods.

Conclusion: This study shown that the comprehensive knowledge about emergency
contraceptive was not much satisfactory (65.6% were knowledgeable) and even the practice was
very much lower (where 36.1% of female students who ever had sex used EC). However
respondents had favorable attitude towards emergency contraceptive (71.2%) had a favorable
attitude.

Key words: Emergency contraceptive, knowledge, attitude and practice.

 1. Introduction

1.1 Background of the study

Emergency is a type of modern contraception which is taken after unprotected sexual

intercourse but before implantation of pregnancy to prevent unintended pregnancy & unsafe
abortion which are the major problems of maternal health. It is taken within 72hrs of unprotected
sexual intercourse & the next dose taken12hrs later & IUCD can be used as EC & should be
inserted within 5 days of unprotected sexual intercourse. EC prevents 75% to 85% of unintended
pregnancy. But many young women don’t know this method & it has been difficult to obtain
even if women are aware of this method due to lack of accurate &detailed knowledge, poor
attitude towards this method, in availability of service, improper use of time, reluctant of young
women to request the medication, denial of pregnancy risk, fear of side effects &cultural
&religion influences .To tackle this problems different programs have been advised but a
satisfactory outcome has not been achieved yet.(1,2)

In the next five years about 60 million boys will reach for sexually maturity. This sexually
matured boys & girls are vulnerable to unsafe sex due to lack of awareness about reproductive
health & related problems the consequence of unprotected sex such as unintended pregnancy
which leads to unsafe abortion unsafe sexual behaviors as some of the most important causes of
maternal mortality& morbidity which can be prevented by access to contraception including EC.
(3)

Many unwanted pregnancies occur during adolescence when young women and their partner
become sexual active before they are fully aware of the need for contraception or before they
have had access to appropriate service.(4)

It has been estimated that almost two in every five pregnancies worldwide are unplanned as the
result of non use of contraception or ineffective contraceptive use or method failure.(5)
 1.2 Statement of problems
Globally, unwanted pregnancy in adolescent is a major problem with psychological and
economic repercussion for un-prepared young individuals. The problem is more in developing
countries where 1/3 of women are mothers before 20 years of age. Now days ever sexual practice
is happening earlier but still young populations is unaware of unsafe sexual encounters and mode
of avoiding it leading to increase number of teenager.(6)

WHO estimated that 84 million unwanted pregnancies occur annually worldwide. Averagely 46
million abortions takes place every year, out of which 20 million are performed under unsafe
condition.70, 000 women die early as a consequence of unsafe abortion and majority of deaths
and morbidities occur in low and middle income countries. An important of maternal death
worldwide is attributable to induce unsafe abortion, Asia (20-25%), Africa (30-50%) and Russia
(25-50%). (7)

In developing countries despite restrictive law and lack of abortion service, some young women
with unintended pregnancies obtain abortion, many of which are performed in unsafe way and
others carry their pregnancies to term including risk of morbidity and mortality higher than those
for adult women. It is obtained that out of 500,000 maternal death that occur each year
throughout the world, as many as 1/4 to 1/3 may be consequence of complication of unsafe
abortion procedure almost it occurs in developing countries, where risk of death estimated at 1 in
270 unsafe abortion procedures.(8)

About 3 millions unwanted pregnancy occur in USA most of these results are from none use of
contraception or from notes able contraceptive failure such as condom break which could be
prevented by use of EC. (9)

Ethiopia is one of the countries affected by fast population growth and pregnancy related
problems which often results in serious complication due to under used of EC and its also one of
the counties with high maternal mortality rate due to pregnancy related problems, the estimated
rate in 2005 was 673/100,000 live births.(4)

Unwanted pregnancy is a big problem in Ethiopia; more than 60% of the pregnancies in
adolescents are unwanted which is an alarming figure, and most of these pregnancies particularly
in adolescents end up with unsafe abortion. A recent national study revealed that 78% of
unwanted pregnancy was attributable to contraceptive none use, incorrect use or method failure.
It was also revealed that over 45% of all abortion occurred in adolescent and the young age
group (10, 11).According to the survey conducted in 2000 by ESOG in nine administrative
regions, 25.6% abortion cases were induced abortion. Among abortion cases, 60% were
unplanned and 50% were unwanted. Abortion related mortality was 1209/100,000 live births.
And also a survey conducted in Ethiopia among 1075 women who presented with abortion
about 58% were between the age group of 20-29 years and non use of contraceptives contributed
to 78% of pregnancy.(12, 13)

Despite the Ethiopian government effort to prevent unwanted pregnancies and abortion among
youths of age less than 24 years, the number of youths requesting termination of pregnancy is
increasing annually. Despite the availability of contraceptives with affordable costs, there are a
large number of youths with unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortion. (10)

In general all corners of Ethiopia are affected with the problem in that appropriate use of
contraception and EC is very minimal resulting in unwanted pregnancies and complications.
Therefore, the result of this study is used to detect the problems and improve the already
available EC service to youths that are in need of the service.

1.3 Justification of the study

Emergency contraception is vital method to prevent unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion.
However in Ethiopia the potential clients, health providers, and the service status are not well
documented. Different programs have been advised to tackle these problems but satisfactory
outcome has not been achieved yet. Still in Ethiopia young people lack knowledge about the use
of emergency contraceptive and they do not give concern about the information of the service
and lack of awareness about dedicated products. It is not more studied in this area and also there
is scarcity of literature that is why we intend to conduct our study to assess their knowledge,
attitude and practice regarding emergency contraception use. So, the result of the study may be
detecting the problem of female students regarding to emergency contraception use. The finding
will be serving as information for further study.
 2. Literature Review
Knowledge toward emergency contraception

Limited use of contraception is a problem every where even though developing countries are
seriously affected by high prevalence of unwanted pregnancy. The problem also existed in
developed countries. A research conducted in USA showed that 46% of women had not used
contraceptive method in the month, they conceived mainly because of perceived low risk of
pregnancy and concern about contraception failed by 33% and 32% of non users respectively.
This tells that the problem is global. (14)A study conducted in Princeton University of USA on
550 undergraduate female students to determine their knowledge and attitude about EC showed
that 523 (95%)of respondents of the sample knew about EOC. but 52% of the respondents could
not distinguish the correct time use of EC was within 72 hrs. 25% of the respondents knew that
the effectiveness of EOC is associated with unpleasant side effects and 7% thought that there
would be a serious side effect. Only 12% of the students correctly identified their fertility period
in the menstrual cycle and understood the timing factors associated with EOC. (15)

In 2007 a cross-sectional study conducted among Nursing and Midwifery students of University
in Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey with a total of 210 respondents, out of which
125(59.5%) knew at least one method of EC. 114(54.3%) participants had heard about ECP but
only 17(8.1%) knew what the pills contained. Rate of hearing about ECP where higher in third
and fourth classes than first and second classes and in Midwifery students than Nursing students
(p-value<0.001) in spite of their unsatisfactory level of knowledge, 166(79%) thought that ECP
should be sold in pharmacies. (16)

Attitude toward emergency contraception

In 2005 a study conducted among educated women in India showed that only 11.2% of the
study populations were aware of EC. Of those only 10.3% women had practiced EC. Once aware
of EC 81% were willingness to use it. (17)

A cross-sectional study done in South Africa in 2009 showed that only 22.85 of the public sector
primarily health care clients heard about EC, knowledge of EC were limited. A few (9.1%) of
those who knew EC was used it after being informed. The attitude of them to EC use were found
to be positive with 90.3% indicating that they use it if need, on the other hand a study conducted
at tertiary students in Durban showed that out of 36 students 56.5% had heard about EC. A few
knew the correct time taken. Only 7.8% knew how EC was affecting that in preventing
pregnancy. 11% of respondents had used EC. (18, 19)

In 2009 across-sectional study was conducted in the university of Buea (Cameron) among female
under graduated with a total of 620 participants showed that 391(63%) had a general level of
awareness about ECP. However, knowledge of the general futures of ECP was low and
misinformation was high among students .Although the students had positive attitude regarding
ECP, up to 65% believed that ECP was unsafe. Those who have adequate knowledge generally
showed favorable attitude. 49(7.9%) participants had used ECP themselves. Awareness of ECP
by Cameroonian students is low and the method is under used. (20)

Across-sectional study done in university of Lagos, Nigeria among female under graduated
students in 2006 showed that 67% of the participants knowing about EC. More than half (56.1%)
were sexual active and from this group of 96.8% had ever practiced contraception with only 33%
having ever practiced EC. However, only 37.8% and 36.3% knew about the correct time taken
with 72 hrs and correctly identified EC use respectively. Among those who were aware of EC
34.1% of participants obtained their information from their health care provider while the
majority obtained from their friends. Knowledge and practice of EC was directly related to age,
level of study, medical education, marital status, sexual activity, previous history of
contraception use, and previous history of induced abortion. (21)

Practice toward emergency contraception

Descriptive cross-sectional study to assess knowledge and practice of female under graduate
in May 2005, in Niger Delta of Nigeria with a total of 600 respondents was conducted, which
revealed that about 304(56.7%) participants were aware of EC. Among which 33.5% of
participants got information from their friends. About 88.2% of those that are aware of EC knew
the correct timing. More than half (59.9%) of respondents did not know the correct dosage of the
available coital pills while half (50.7%) of those having knowledge of post coital pills agree to
efficacy. only 1/3 (35.5%) agreed to have actually used. (22)
Across-sectional study was conducted from May 2009 in Jimma University students with a total
of 283 female students out of which only 150(53%) respondents had heard about EC and 72
(48%)mentioned the correct timing. With regards attitude 56% respondents had positive attitude.
With regards to the source of information 38(20.7%) reported from schools followed by health
professionals 20% and friends 19.3%. (23)

A cross-sectional descriptive study was under taken in Jimma town high school students from
Feb, 26-29, 2006 with a total of 106 respndents.Amongwhich17 (16%) of study subject were
sexually active, 5(9.7%) have given history of previous pregnancy and 2 had history of induced
abortion .among the total participants 68(64.1%) had heard about EC and the most cited source
of information were school teachers and health profession. Out of those who have heard about
EC, only 13(19%) Of the respondents were able to tell the correct time taken.(24)

Across-sectional study was conducted in Feb, 2007, from a total of 833 female students in ten
college of Assela. The result showed that magnitude of sexual violence was high (47.9%) and
unwanted pregnancy was 68 (16.9%) respondents among those who practiced sex. Out of all
respondents 228(27.4%) had knew about EC, 82(9.8%) reported the correct time taken use and
20(2.4%) had over used EC. OCP was the most widely used method which practiced by 13(65%)
the users. Health profession was the main source for 126(55.3%) of participants. About
548(65.8%) of the respondents had favorable attitude towards the use of EC. (25)

Across-sectional study was employed from February 1 to 30, 2009 on 660 regular under
graduated female students of Adama university showed that 194 (29.4%) of the total participants
were sexual active while 63(9.4%) hade history of pregnancy and 49 (7.4%) had history of
abortion. About 309 (46.8%) of the respondents had heard about EC and from those who heard
EC, 27.2% had good knowledge. Majority, 415 (62.9%) of the respondents had positive attitude
towards it. However only 31 (4.7%) had used emergency contraception method. (26)

In 2007 the study conducted in AAU and university college showed that about 43.5% of the
female students from the total of 774 sample said that they have heard about EC.636 (82.2%) of
the respondents mentioned and 264(34.1%) mentioned IUCD. About 410(53%) of the
respondents reported that they had used EC method previously. (27)
Across-sectional study was done from May 6 to 11, 2008 among female students in Bahr-dar
university on 400 respondents, out of which respondents 386 (96%) had knowledge about family
planning, 334 (83.5%) heard about EC. The main source of information was dominantly from
family members and mass-media. Out of 334 respondents who were aware about EC, only
129(38%) responded to the correct timing of EC use. majority of the respondents 327(96.4%)
were not well aware of EC use, but 324(81%) of them knew the advantage of EC .Out of 124
respondents who practiced unsafe sex, 91(73.4%) used EC. 249(62.3%) of the respondents
believed that their religion has influence to their attitude towards EC use.(28)

A school based cross-sectional study using self administer questionnaire was conducted on 780
female students of Gondar town high school in May 2009. Out of the 780 respondents,
513(65.8%) had heard about EC. The main sources of information about EC were health
institution for 312(60.8%) and mass media for 113(22%). Concerning EC among those who have
heard of EC, 304(59.3%) mentioned pills, 41(8%) mentioned IUCD and 91(17.7%) mentioned
both pills and IUCD. Among those who hear about EC, 358(69.8%) mentioned the correct time
frame for pills (with in 72hrs) after unprotected sexual intercourse. On the whole, 307(39.4%) of
the respondents had comprehensive knowledge regarding EC. 64(38.8%) 0f those who were
sexually active female students reported that they had used EC ,329(64.1%) had positive attitude
towards it.395(77%) supported EC access for all females, 361(70.4%) were willingness to use
EC in future when they need arise.(29

In May 2004 a cross-sectional study conducted at university of Gondar among2323 students,

25.5% have had sex in the past (592).360 of respondents (60.8%) who had sexual intercourse in
the past reported to have ever used condom. But only 50% of the respondents from condom users
used condom ever sexual intercourse. About 24% of the total participants thought that there are
methods that can prevent pregnancy when women had unprotected sex. Among those students
who thought of knowledge about EC, 68.7% knew pills only, 72% knew pills and IUCD, 18.6%
mentioned withdrawal the correct method of pills and IUCD, 18.8% knew the correct method of
EC, of those who mentioned pills as the only method of contraception 73.3% of the respondents
correctly said the pills should be taken within 72 hrs after unprotected sex. There was only one
female student who used EC. (30)
 3. Objectives

3.1 General objective

To assess knowledge, Attitude, Practice regarding to emergency contraception use among female
students of Jigjig a University in 2015.

3.2 –Specific objectives

3.3.1- To assess knowledge of emergency contraceptive among female students of Jigjig a
University in 2015.

3.3.2- To assess attitude towards emergency contraception among female students of Jigjig a
University in 2015.

3.3.3- To assess practice of emergency contraception among female students of Jigjig a

University in 2015.

3.3.4- To determine the prevalence of emergency contraception among female students of jigjig
a university in 2015.
 4. Methodology
4.1 Study area

Jigjig a is a city found in eastern Ethiopia and the capital city of the Somali region, which is
found 628 kilometers to the east of Addis Ababa and It is approximately 80 kilometers east of
Harare with an elevation of 1, 609 meters above sea level and semi-arid climate. Jigjig a
University is one of the ten newly established universities in the country. Jigjig a University was
established in 2004 GC. The total number of regular students with in the campus is 9358 with
male students 6485 and female students 2873 and also consists of 8 college and 35 departments.

4.2 study design and period

Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2-14, 2015.

4.3 Source of population

All regular female students of jigjiga University.

4.4 – Study population

Those regular female students of jigjig a university who fulfill the inclusion criteria.

4.5 –Inclusion and exclusion criteria

4.5.1 Inclusion criteria

Regular female students.

4.5.2- exclusion criteria

Extension program students were not included in the study.

4.6 sample size estimation

Sample size was calculated using single population proportional formula with the source of
population less than 10,000; assuming the proportion of the students who practiced emergency
contraception methods was 73.4% which is taken from previous study done on KAP of
emergency contraception on Bahirdar university female students (28) to get the possible sample
size with Z-value of 1.96 and marginal error of 5% calculated as follow:

2
ni =( Zα ) .P (1-P)/W 2 where ni =intial sample size
2

ni = ((1.96)2. (0.734). (0.266))/ (0.05)2 α =confidence interval (95%)

= 300 p= proportion of EC practiced

w =marginal error of 5%

The total number of Jigjig a University female students is 2873. Since this figure is below 10000,
we use the following adjustment for the final sample size estimation.

n f = ni / (1+ni/N) where n f =final sample size

n f = 300/ (1+300/2873) = 272 N =total number of female students

By assuming non respond rate, we add 5% correction factor from the final sample size.
Therefore the total final sample size will be

n f + (5/100) ×n f = 272 + 0.05 ×272

= 285

4.7 Sampling procedure

Stratified random sampling procedure was applied according to the faculties, department and
year of the study then simple random sampling method was applied for selection of participants
in each sub stratified population proportionally. Over all sample size was taken proportionally
from each faculties. At first 21 departments is selected from the total of 35 departments using
lottery method. Then the total sample size was allocated to each department proportional to the
number of female students, and also participant students were selected from each department
proportional to their year of study using simple random sampling technique. The proportional
formula for each faculty will be: = n f ×n/ N where n f =final sample size
 n = a total number of each faculty

The sample size calculation for each stratum (faculty) looks as the following:

For natural and computational science

Wheren f =285, n = 249 (total students of natural and computational science and N =2873

249×285/2873=25

For business and economics faculty, n = 457 (total female students of business and economics
faculty)

457×285/2873 =45

For veterinary faculty, n =49 (total female students of veterinary medicine)

49×285/2873 =5

Engineering and technology, n =1226 (total female students of Engineering & technology
science)

1226×285/2873 =122

Medicine and health science, n =227(total female students of Medicine & health sciences)

227×285/2873 =22

School of law, n =57(total female students of School of law)

57×285/2873 =6

College of dry land and agriculture, n =274(total female students of CODA)

274×285/2873 =27

College of social science, n =334(total female students of COSSH)

334×285/2873 =33
 All faculties in Jigjig a University

Engineering
& School of law
Natural & Business & COSSH
technology MHS CODA Veterinary
computatio economics (F=57,dep.=1)
Medicine
( F =1226, nal science (F=334,dep=
(F=227,d (F=274,
dep= 7) (F=49, (F=457, 8)
(F=249,dep ep=5) dep=4)
dep=1) dep=4)
=5)
S= 6
S= 122
2 (Med S= 45 S=33 57 x 285
S= 22 S= 27 S= 5
1226x 285 S= 25 and PHO) 2873
4(Cotem, IT, out of 5 274 x 285 457x 285 334 x 285
2873 227 x 285 49 x 285
Civilengine. & 249 x3285
(Bio,Chem&
2873 dep. 2873 2873
2873 2873
engineering 2873first year Selected
sc.)out of 8 CONCS) out dep. n= 89
dep. Selected stud. 1st=
randomly of 6 dep.
59(n=15),
Selected n = 2nd=
n=879, 1st Yr.=457 st
183, 1 =117 12(n=3) ,
(n=63), 2nd = 90
(n=16), 2nd 3rd=5(n=1),
(n=12), 3rd =127
4th =13
(n=18), 4th =180 =41 (n=6), 3 rd
(n=3)stud’s
(n=25), 5th = 25
=25 (n=3)
(n=4) stud’s
stud’s
3 Only 1 3 4 Only 1
(OAS,ARSC Dep’t (ACFN,MG (HISTORY,JOUR Dep’t n=57,
,DLCS) out n=49, MT,COBE NALISM,AMHA 1st=31 (n=4),
of 5 dep. 1st=20 1st Yr) out RIC,COSSH 1st 2nd = 2 , 3rd
Selected (n=2), 2nd = of 5 dep. Yr) out of 9 =4, 5th =20
n=23O, 1st 4, 3rd =4, Selected dep. Selected (n=2),stud’s
=167(n=20 4th = n=317, 1st n=23O, 1st =152
), 2nd=36 7(n=1), 5th =186 (n=22),
(n=4), = 8 (n=1), (n=26), 2nd=48(n=7),
3rd=27(n=3 6th= 6 2nd=66 3rd= 30
), stud’s (n=1)stud’s (n=10), (n=4)stud’s
3rd= 65
(n=9)stud’s

285
Figure 1 showing the selection of sample size from each stratum.

4.8 variables

4.8.1 Dependent variables

 Knowledge
 Attitude
 Practice

4.8.2 Independent variables

 Age
 Marital status
 Residence
 Sexual history
 Religion
 Year of study
 Ethnicity

4.9 Operational definitions

Knowledgeable-well informed about EC those who answered greater than or equal to 70% of
knowledge questions.

Positive attitude- behaving or feeling good on attitude questions and answering greater than
or equal to 70% of attitude questions

Poor practice –those who do not use emergency contraception after unprotected sexual
intercourse, condom failure.

Good practice- those who use emergency contraception after unprotected sexual intercourse,
condom failure (29).
Emergency contraception - Emergency contraception is a method used to prevent
pregnancy with in 72 hour after unprotected sexual intercourse.

4.10 Data collection tools

Data was collected by using structured self- administered questionnaires which was prepared
in Amharic and then translated to English. Adequate information was given for the study subject,
before and after the test regarding to the objective of the study, the content of the questionnaire
and the confidentiality and the privacy of the respondents.

4.11. Data quality control

The questionnaire where checked thoroughly for its completeness, objective and variable based
before it was distributed to the respondents. Pre-test was given for 30 privet nursing college
female students before the actual data collection time.

4.12 Data processing and analysis

The collected data was checked for its completeness, consistency and accuracy before analysis. It
was processed and analyzed by using descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency and tables). It
was calculated manually by using scientific calculator during analysis.

4.13 Ethical considerations

Ethical clearance was obtained from the department of Nursing. Written permissions was
secured to undertake the study from Jigjig a University, college of health science Dean’s office
then official letter was written to each respective department heads. All the study participants
were informed about the objective study and their verbal consent was obtained before the actual
data collection. They were also informed about their right not participating in the study or
withdrawing at any time. Additionally, was also explained that confidentiality and privacy of the
information will be seriously respected.
 5. Result
5.1 Socio-demographic

A total of 285 respondents completed the questionnaire making the response rate of 95%.the
range of respondent’s age fall between18-25. Most of the study subjects 161(56.49%) were
found between the age range of 18-21. Majority 138(48.42%) of the respondents were followers
of the Orthodox Christianity followed by Muslim for 104(36.49%) participants. Among the
respondents, 100(35.09%) were Oromo and 246 (86.32%) study subjects were single. Majority
of the study subject 191(67.02%) were urban residents while the rest are rural. Among the
respondents, 168(58.95%) were first year, 42(14.74%) were second year, 38(13.33%) were third
year students.
Table 1: - Socio-demographic characteristics of female students of Jigjiga University, Ethiopia,
2015.

Socio
demographic characteristics Frequency Percent (%)
Age(n=285)

18-21 161 56.49

22-25 124 43.51

Religion(n=285)
Orthodox 138 48.42
Muslim 104 36.49
Protestant 38 13.33
others (catholic, 5 1.75
Adventist)

Ethnicity(n=285)
Oromo 100 35.09
Amhara 91 31.93
Tigre 35 12.28
Others 33 11.58
Somali
26 9.12

Marital status (n=285)

Single 246 86.32
Marriage 39 13.68

Residence(n=28
5) 67.02
19
Urban 32.98
1
Rural
94
Year of
study(n=285) 58.95
Year I 14.74
16
Year II 13.33
8
Year III 12.98
42
Year IV &
38
above
37
 Others= guragie, hadiya,
sidama, shinasha,

5.2 Sexual characteristics of the participants

From the total, 119(41.75%) of participants were sexually active currently. Out of 119(41.75%)
of the respondents who had practice sex, 38(31.93%) had pregnancy in the past. Majority,
31(81.58%) of pregnancy were unwanted and 25(80.65%) of pregnancy were ended with unsafe
abortion.

Table2- showing the sexual characteristics of Jigjiga University female students, Ethiopia,
2015.

Sexual characteristics Frequency Percent

Ever practiced
sex(n=285) 119 41.75
Yes 166 58.25
No
Ever been pregnant
(n=119)
Yes 38 31.93
No 81 68.07
Was intended and
wanted (n=38)
Yes 7 18.42
No 31 81.58
Experience induced
abortion(n=31)
Yes 25 80.65
No 6 19.35
 5.3 Knowledge
From a total of 285 study subject, 252 (88.42%) have heard about modern contraceptive. The
main source of information about modern contraceptive were mass-media for 145 (57.54%),
school for 98 (38.89%), health professions for 85(33.7%), friends for 60(23.81%), and family for
56 (22.22%). Oral contraceptive pill were the most commonly known method for 219 (86.9%)
followed Inject able 188 (74.6%) then, condom 165 (65.5%), Norplant 139 (55.16%) and IUCD
42 (16.67%) respectively.

Percentage of knowledge of types of

modern cntraceptives
100
90 86.9
80 74.6
70 65.5
60 55.16
50
40
30
20 16.67
10
0
pills injectables condom Norplant IUCD

Types of modern contraceptives

Figure I: - shows frequency distribution of students based on their knowledge about types of
modern contraception, university of Jigjiga Ethiopia, 2015.
Out of 285 respondents, 226 (79.3%) had ever heard about emergency contraception. The main
source of information were mass media for 156 (69%) followed by health professionals 123
(54.4%). (See fig 2)

Percentage of source of information abut EC

80
69
70

60 54.4
50 44.7
40
31.86
30

20 15.48
11.5
10

0
mass-media health schools friends Family Youth center
proffesional

Soure of information

Figure II shows the main source of information about emergency contraceptive among female
students of Jigjiga University, Ethiopia, 2015.

When asked about specific types of emergency contraceptive methods, 169(74.78%) of

respondents mentioned only pills, 6(2.65%) mentioned IUCD only and 51(22.6%) mentioned
both pills and IUCD. Among those who were aware of EC, 153(67.7%) correctly identified the
correct time frame to take pills (within 72hrs) after unprotected sexual intercourse. When asked
about indication for EC,181(81.1%) and 77(34.1%) mentioned the correct indication after un
protected sex and condom failure respectively while the rest gave in correct response as ongoing
regular contraceptive by 27(11.95%)

When the overall knowledge score was computed, 187(65.6%) of the respondents had good
knowledge while the rest 98(34.4%) had poor knowledge about the method.
Table 3- shows knowledge of emergency contraceptive among female students of Jigjiga
University, Ethiopia, 2015

Characteristics Frequency Percent(%)

Had ever heard of

EC(n=285)
Yes 226 79.3
No 59 20.7

Source of
information(n=226)
Health profession 123 54.4
Mass-media 156 69
Family 35 15.48
School 101 44.7
Youth center 26 11.5
Friends 72 31.86

Method they know as

EC(n=226)
Pills 169 74.78
IUCD 6 2.65
Pills and IUCD 51 22.6

Time frame of using pills

listed(n=226)
Within 24hrs 39 17.26
Within 48hrs 23 10.2
Within 72hrs 153 67.7
b/n 72-120hrs 11 4.87
After 120 hrs 0 0

Indication to use EC(n=226)

After unprotected sex 181 80.1
After condom failure 77 34.1
As regular 27 11.95
contraceptive method
I do not know 3 1.3
 5.4 Attitude

Of the total 285 study subjects, 203(71.2%) had positive attitude towards emergency
contraceptive. Among the respondents, 149(52.3%) were strongly agree on widely distribution of
EC while 169(59.3%) of participants agree that widely distribution and availability of EC can
initiate women for risky behavior or prostitute. Regarding to safety, 162(56.84%) of participants
were agree EC is safer for users while 106(37.19%) of the respondents agree EC is harmful for
users. Out of the total, 212(74.38%) were voluntary to use EC in the future if they may face
unprotected sexual intercourse.

Generally, 203 respondents (71.2%) had favorable (positive) attitude towards EC while the
rest 82 (28.8%) had not favorable attitude.
 Table 4:- Attitude on emergency contraceptive among female students of Jigjiga University,
Ethiopia, May, 2015.

Variable Frequency Percent

Widely distribution of EC(n=285)

Agree 97 34
Strongly agree 149 52.3
Disagree 23 8.1
Strongly disagree 16 5.6
Widely distribution of EC increase prostitute
(n=285)
Agree 169 59.3
Strongly agree 33 11.6
Disagree 70 24.56
Strongly disagree 13 4.56
Safer for users(n=285)
Agree 162 56.84
Strongly agree 38 13.33
Disagree 75 26.3
Strongly disagree 10 3.5
Harmful for users(n=285)
Agree 106 37.19
Strongly agree 58 20.35
Disagree 82 28.77
Strongly disagree 39 13.68
Voluntary to in the future(n=285)
Yes 212 74.38
No 73 25.6
 5.5 Practice

Among the sexually active study subjects, 35(53.03%) of respondents had used modern
contraceptive. Oral pills was the most commonly used method for 23(65.72%) of participants
followed by inject able for 8(22.86%) and Norplant and IUCD for 2(5.71%) equally for each.

Out of sexually active students, 43(36.13%) of respondents have used emergency contraceptive
after unprotected sex. Of those, almost all 41(95.35%) respondents have used pills and only
2(4.65%) has used IUCD as emergency contraceptive. Out of those who have used EC, majority
22(51.16%) of study subjects were obtained emergency contraceptive method from pharmacy.

Generally, among those who ever had sex (n=119 from 285 total female students), 43
(36.13%) had good practice while most have poor practice 76 (63.9%).
Table 5: shows practice on EC, source and reason not to use EC among female students of
Jigjiga University, Ethiopia, 2015.

Variables Frequency Percent (%)

Ever used emergency contraceptive (n=119)

Yes 43 36.13
No 76 63.87

Currently used emergency contraceptive(n=43)

Pills 41 95.35
IUCD 2 4.65

If pills used, was it taken correctly (n=41)

Yes 22 56.3
NO 19 46.3
Place to get emergency contraceptive (n=43)
Health center 2 4.65
Hospital 6 13.95
Family guidance clinics 9 20.93
Pharmacy 22 51.16
Others* 4 9.3
Reason not used EC after unprotected sex (n=76)
Fear of bad side effect 28 36.84
Religious forbidden 32 42.1
Unavailability of drug 9 11.84
Fear of confidentiality 5 6.58
Others ** 2 2.63
Other*= private clinic others** =fear of spouse

Among those who have used emergency contraceptive pills, 22(53.6%) of respondents taken
pills as order while the rest 19 (46.3%) did not take as order.
 6. Discussions

In this study (39.3%) respondent reported that they are sexually active. This result is
higher than the study conducted in Adama University female students which was (29.5%) of
respondents are sexually active (23). This may be due to that jigjiga is not developed as much as
Adama. The result is also higher than the study conducted on Jimma town high school female
students which ( 16%) of the respondents were sexually active (21), The difference may be due
to high school students were less matured for sexual desire than university students and the study
year gap between the studies. But it was lower than the finding of a studies conducted on Lagos
Nigeria under-graduating female students that was (56.1%), the difference may be due to that
jigjiga is less developed country than Nigeria and also it was lower than the college of Assela
female students which was 47.9%(18,22), this may be due to that most of university students are
younger than students of college.

The result of this study showed that 79.3% of the respondents had heard of the existence of EC.
This result is lower than the study done on high school students in Scotland (98%). (28) and
Finland (98%). (29); comparable with the study done in Mexico (72.3%) (30) and Canada (80%)
(31); and higher than the study conducted in Nepal (47%) (32). besides, the figure in this study is
slightly lower when compared to similar studies done among university students in Addis Ababa
University (84.2%) (33) and Bahir Dar university [83.5%] (34) in Ethiopia where as it is very
high as opposed to 41% in Jimma University, Ethiopia (35) and 49.8% in University of
KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (36).

In this study out of sexually active subjects, 31.9%% of respondents gave history of pregnancy.
Of which 81.58 %were unwanted and unintended pregnancies and 80.65% had gave history of
induced abortion. Regarding to pregnancy this finding was almost similar to the study done on
Jimma high school which was 29.4% of pregnancy (21). In this study the prevalence rate of
unwanted pregnancy among the total sexual active study participants was 31.9% which is higher
than reported by study conducted in college of Assela town which showed the prevalence rate of
16.9%(22). The reason high rate of unwanted pregnancy in this study could be due to most our
respondents were not married. But college of Assela town students were married.
In this study the proportion those who ever heard about emergency contraception were found to
be 79.3%. This finding is almost similar with that of a study conducted among Bahirdar
university female students which showed that 83.54% had heard about EC (25). However this
finding is lower than the study conducted in Princeton university of USA under-gratuating
female students which showed that 95% of study participants heard about EC (14). This
difference could be due to USA is developed country and the students of Princeton university
might got more access to Reproductive health service, sexual education and awareness on EC
than other respondents. But this finding is higher than other studies done on Jimma town high
school female students and Gondar town high school female students which showed that 64%
and 65.8% 0f the respondents were aware about EC (21, 26). The possible explanation for higher
knowledge of emergency contraceptive in this study could be university students are expected to
have higher knowledge of emergency contraception than high school students.

Regarding knowledge on timing of emergency contraception our finding reflects that 67.7%of
the respondents knew as it has been taken within 72hrs of sexual intercourse. This result is
almost similar when we compared with the study done in Gondar town high school female
students which was 69.8% of respondents knew the correct time frame (within 72hrs) after
unprotected sex (26 ).

The main sources of information in this study were mass-media and health professional which
were similar to the finding of Bahr- Dar University where media and friends were found to be
source of information (25).

In this study, 65.6% of the respondents had positive knowledge which is lower than study
conducted in Mekelle where three quarter (75.7%) of the female respondents had good
knowledge about EC in this study and also lower than the result obtained in the study conducted
among high school students in Finland (95.5%) (37,29). This could be due to the fact that the two
cities are more urban and the people are more educated which could help their easy access to the
service and information.

In this study among the total participants, 71.2% had positive attitude about emergency
contraception as a comprehensive. This study finding is slightly higher than study conducted in
Mekelle preparatory school female students where 64.9% of respondents had a positive attitude
towards EC. But it is much lower than the study conducted in South Africa which was 90.3% of
the respondents had positive attitude towards emergency contraceptive method (36) & lower than
the report from Parbat, Nepal on high school students which was 96% (32). This difference
might be due to opposition from the religion, and low promotion of the use of the emergency
contraception in our country.

In this finding from those who had ever practice sex, 36% had used emergency contraception
after unprotected sex which was less than the finding of Bahir-dar university female students
which was 73.4% of the respondents out of sexual active group had used emergency
contraception method after unprotected sex (25). Out of the total participants the prevalence of
the emergency contraceptive use in this finding was 15.08% which is significantly lower as
compared to Addis Ababa university study finding which was 53% of the respondents had used
emergency contraceptive (24). This difference may be due to the reason that Addis Ababa is a
center so Addis Ababa university students have got en information about the use of emergency
contraception better than our respondents and those who engaged in sex were higher in Addis
Ababa university students than our respondents.

In these finding pills were the commonest emergency contraceptive method used for 95.35% of
respondents from sexual active group as Adama university female students, pills also the
commonest emergency contraceptive method which accounted for 74.2% of the sexual active
group (23). This might be duo to that pills was easiest to take.
 7. Conclusion

This study shown that the comprehensive knowledge about emergency contraceptive was
not much satisfactory (65.6% were knowledgeable) and even the practice was very much lower
or poor (where 36.1% of female students who ever had sex used EC).

However respondents had favorable attitude towards emergency contraceptive (71.2 % had a
favorable attitude.
 8. Recommendation
For university of jigjiga

It will be better to give training about the use of emergency contraceptive incorporated with
Basic Life Skill training.

Strengthening the club those working on reproductive health related issue.

Media

Increase the awareness of students about the use of emergency contraceptive through mini media
which found within the university.

For Gender Office

It will be better if health education is given on reproductive health, family planning and
emergency contraception for the students to increase their awareness.
 9. Dissemination of finding

After the collection and analysis of the data, the final data will be presented to the
department of nursing.

We recommended and gave some feedback points to concerned bodies (Somali regional health
bureau, NGO’s working on family planning…) in Jigjiga town concerning the knowledge,
attitude and practice of EC in oral presentation, soft copy and written documents.
 10. Strength and limitation of the study

10.1 Strengthen of the study

- The data was collected by structured pre-tested questionnaire.

10.2 Limitation of the study

 The study is related to sensitive issues (sexual matter) as a result, some female students
may not be genuine respondents
 11. Reference
1- Neinstein Ls, etal in adolescent health care practical guide S. Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins, editor, Philadelphia; 2008, pp 533-649

2-Amaha Haile, Nebred Fisseha; emergency contraception potation clients and providers
perspective, Ethiopian Journal of health science; 2006, vol. 16 No.1, 2 pp. 1-8

3-FGHE, base line survey of the coital dependent method project of family guidance association
of Ethiopia and population conceit, 2002

4-Sikibiak JP,Mekbib T,Getahun H; Expanding contraception choice in Ethiopia; Sexual health

exchange information sheet,2000; vol. 2: pp. 4-5

5-WHO Geneva, 2004 4th edition; unsafe abortion global and regional estimates the incidence of
unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2000:pp 1-2

6-Sonia, puri Alkasenephant, etal; improving knowledge of EC to female college students,

September 2004-october 2005

7-Segal sg, La Guardia; termination of pregnancy a global view Balliers clinical obstetrics and
gynecology, 1990; vol. (2): pp. 235-47

8- Department of Gyn, university of Utrecht, the Nether lands emergency contraception 1994
august; vol.50 (2): pp.101-108

9-Barbara E,rogars W,rocal,widad K, maternal mortality in Addis Ababa; Ethiopia studies in

family planning; 1986; vol. 17(6): 288-301.

10- Tadese E, yoseph S, Gossa A. illegal abortion in 5 hospitals in Addis Ababa. Ethiomed j,
1994; vol. 32(4): 283-84.

11- Mekbib, Gabriel Hiwot, Fentahun. Expanding contraception choice in Ethiopia sexual health
exchange information, 2007; vol. 2: pp. 28-29.
12- Ethiopian society of obstetrician and Gynecologists (ESOG), Ministry of health (FMOH) and
EC afrique. A training curriculum for mid-level health workers in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia May 2005, vol. 1(2), available on: www.esog@ethionet.et.

13-Mekbib, Tekle-ab, hiwot et al. a survey of unsafe abortion in selected health facilities in
Ethiopia. EthioJ.RH; 2007; vole 1 (1): pp. 28-43.

14- Heriper CC, Elberton CE. The emergency contraceptive pills. A survey of knowledge and
attitude among students at preciton university USA, obs and gyn, 1995; vol. 173(5): 1438-1445.

15- Smith J. MS, Fodyen, Belsiaska,M et al. EC in south Africa.KAP among public sector PHC
clients, 2001; vol. 64(6): pp. 333-37.

16- Roberts C, Moodily J, Esther Huizenga T. EC. Knowledge and attitude of tertiary students in
Durban, south Africa Josses Gynecology June 2004; vol 24(4): pp. 441-5.

17-Emset Orries and Margarita Lasone. A survey of KAP of EC among university students in
Beaus Cameroon march 2005.

18- Beech OM, Kane EE, Beech OA. Knowledge and practice of EC among female
undergraduates in the university of Lagos, Nigeria, east Affirmed; 2006.

19- Dr.C.I Akkani. EC. Knowledge and perception of female undergraduates in Niger delta of
Nigeria May 2005.

20- Hiwot Abera. EC of KAP of Jimma university students’ south walta Ethiopia. Ethiopia
Journal of reproductive health, May 2009 vol. 3(1): pp.37-42

21- Tadese Alemu, tekle-Berhan T. knowledge and practice of EC at Jimma town high school
students, south west Ethiopia. Ethiopian J. RH, May 2009; vol. 3 (1): pp. 31-35

22-Seifu Mengstu. KAP of EC among Assela college female students of Oromia regional state
Aris zone, Annotated bibliography- family planning, 2008: 41-50

23- Degen T, Tsion A, and Tefera Belachew.KAP of EC among Adama university female
students. Ethiopian journal of health science, 2010; vol. 20(3): pp. 195-200.
24- Wogen T, Fikire E. KAP of EC Addis Ababa University students, Addis ABABA Ethiopia,
Ethiopian Journal of H.D, 2007; vol. 21(2): pp. 111-16.

25- Getinet Z, Zelalem Z. KAP of EC among Bahr Dar university female students, North West
Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of RH, 2009; vol.3 (1): pp.59-63

26- Tadis B. Telake A. KAP of EC and associated factors among female students in Gondar
town North West Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of health and biomedical science, 2010; vol. 3(1):
pp. 15-19.

27- Yigzaw Kebede. Knowledge and practice of EC at Gondar university students North West
Ethiopia Ethiopian Medical Journal, 2006; vol. 44(3): pp.221-30.

28- Graham A, Green L, Glasier AF. (1996). Teenagers' knowledge of emergency contraception:
questionnaire survey in south east Scotland. BMJ. 312: 1567-1569.

29- Falah-Hassani K, Kosunen E, Shiri R, Rimpelä A. (2007). Emergency contraception among

Finnish adolescents: awareness, use and the effect of non-prescription status. BMC Public
Health. 7:201

30- Walker DM, Torres P, Gutierrez JP, Flemming K, Bertozzi SM. (2004). Emergency
Contraception Use Is Correlated with Increased Condom Use among Adolescents: Results from
Mexico. J Adolesc Healt. 35:329-334.

31- Langille DB, Delaney ME. (2000). Knowledge and Use of Emergency Postcoital
Contraception by Female Students at a High School in Nova Scotia. Can J Public Health. 91:29-

32. Subedis S. (2012). Knowledge, attitude and practice on emergency contraceptives among
youth of parabat district. JHAS. 2:50-53

33. Ahemed FA, Moussa MM, Karen OP, Benedict OA. (2012). Assessing knowledge, attitude
and practice of emergency contraceptive. BMC Public Health. 12: 1-9.

34- Zeleke G, Zemenay Z, Weldegerima B. (2009). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of

Emergency Contraception among female Bahir Dar University Students, Northwest Ethiopia.
Eth J Rep Health. 3:59-64.
35- Tajure N. (2012). Knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraceptive among
graduating female students of Jimma University Southwest Ethiopia. Ethio J Reprod Health. 20:
91-97.

36. Hoque ME, Ghuman S. (2012). Knowledge, Practices, and Attitudes of Emergency
Contraception among Female University Students in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS ONE.
7: e46346. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046346

37. Solomon Abrha, Feven Zeratsion, Fantahun Molla, Tadele Eticha, Admassu Assen, Wondim
Melkam; Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Regular Female Preparatory
School Students towards Emergency Contraceptives in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. ISSN :
0975-9492 Vol 5 No 11 Nov 2014 857
 12. ANNEX
English structured questionnaire
Introduction:-Dear, students: these questionnaire are prepared by 4 th year graduating
nursing students to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding to emergence
contraception use a among female students of Jigjig a University in order to collect information
necessary for developing appropriate strategies to prevent unintended pregnancy. To attain this
purpose your honesty and genuine participation is very important and highly appreciable. You
are not expected to write your name and you have the right not to respond to all or some of the
questions. Please be assured that all information gathered will be kept strictly confidentiality. If
you are voluntary to participate in the study we kindly request you to provide your response for
the questionnaire in the next page.

Instruction: - A/ the questionnaire contains close ended questions so circle the letter of your
choice (you can answer more than one choice)

B/ you can ask the data collectors if there is unclear question

Part- one: -Socio-demographic questionnaires

101-Age in years ------

102-What is your religion? a) Orthodox b) protestant c) Muslim d) specify other ---

103- What is your Ethnicity a) Amhara b) Oromo c) Somali d) Tigre

e) specify others ----

104-What is your marital status? A) Single B) married C) divorced D) widowed.

105- From which residence you came a) urban b) rural

106 what is your year of study a) 1st b) 2nd c) 3rdd) 4th and above.
Part –two: - Sexual reproductive characteristics based questions

201- Have you ever practiced sex? A/ yes B/ no

202- Have you had pregnancy in the past? A) Yes B) no

203-if your answer for question No 202 is yes, was it intended and wanted?
A) Yes B) no

204-have you had induced abortion? A) Yes b) no

205- Are you sexual active currently? A) Yes B) no

Part –three:-knowledge based questionnaire on emergency contraception

301-Have you ever heard about modern contraception? A) Yes B) no

302- If your answer for question No 301 is yes which types of contraception method do you
know? A/pills B/ inject able C/ IUCD D/ Norplant E/condom F/ others

303- Where did you get the information? A/ health professional B/friend c/school d/ family e /
mass-media f/ specify others

304- Have you ever heard about emergency contraception? A) yes B) no

305-If your answer is yes for No 304, where did you get the information? A) Health
professional b) mass-media c) family d) schools e) youth center f) friends g) specify others

306- What is the correct time frame to take emergency contraception? A) With in 24hrs B) 48hrs
c) with in 72hrs d) I 73-120 e/ 120hrs above f/ specify others

307 –which method of emergency contraceptive do you know? A) Pills b) IUCD C) Pills and
IUCD
308- As your information when will be emergency contraception used? A) All women who
experienced unprotected sex and unwanted pregnancy B) condom failure c) women who can use
other regular contraception. D I don’t know

Part-four: - attitude based question

401-do you agree widely distribution of emergency contraception is important for all females?
A) Strongly agree B) agree C) strongly disagree D) disagree

402- Do you think that the idea of widely distribution and availability of emergency
contraception can initiate women for promiscuity?

A/ agree C/ disagree

B/strongly agree D/strongly agree

403-the emergency contraception is safer for users?

A/ agree C/ disagree

B/ strongly agree D/ strongly disagree

404-Do you believe that emergency contraception is harmful for health?

A/ agree C/disagree

B/ strongly agree D/ strongly disagree

405- Are you voluntary to use emergency contraception in the future, if you may be faced
unprotected sexual intercourse?

A/yes B/ no

Part- five practice based questions

501-have you ever used contraceptive method? A) Yes B) no

502- If your answer for No. 501 is yes, which types of contraception method have you used?

A/ pills B/ Inject able C/ Norplant D/ IUCD E/ other……

503- Where did you get the contraceptive method? A/health center B/ pharmacy C/ privet clinic
D/ specify others………….

504-Have you ever used emergency contraception? A/ yes B/ no

505- If your answer for No.504 is No, why you did not use it?

A/ bad side effect C/ drug is not available

B/ religious forbidden d/ fear of confidentiality and loss of privacy

506- If your answer for No. 505 is yes, which types of emergency contraception have you used?
A/ pills B/ IUCD C/ I don’t know D/ specify other………

506-If your choice was pills, have you used it correctly as prescribed?

A/yes B/ no

507-from where did you obtain emergency contraception pills?

A/ hospital C/ family planning clinic E/ specify others

B/ health center D/ pharmacy

Amharic Questionnaires

የጅግጅጋ ዩኒቨርስቲ ህክምናና ጤና ሳይንስ ኮሌጅ የነርሲንግ ትምህርት ክፍል

በድንገተኛ የእርግዝና መከለከያ ዘዴወች እውቀት፤ አመለካከትና አጠቃቀም በተመለከተ በሴት ተማሪወች ለማወቅ የተዘጋጀ
መጠይቅ::

የጥናቱ ዋና አለማ

በድንገተኛ የእርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴወች እውቀት አመለካከትና አጠቃቀም በተመለከተ በሴት ተማሪወች ለማወቅ፡፡

በዚህ መሰረት ባለመጠቀም የሚደርሱ ዘርፈ ብዙ የጤና ችግሮችን በመረዳት የሴቶችን ጤና ፕሮግራም ለማሻሻል ይጠቅማል፡፡ የሚሰጡት
ማንኛውም መረጃ በሚስጥራዊነት ይጠበቃል ፡፡ የምንጠይቀዎት ሙሎ ፍቃደኝነትወን ስናገኝ ብቻ ነው ፡፡

ማሳሳብያ 1. ጥያቄወች ምርጫ ሲሆኑ መ ልስ የሆነውን ፊደል በማክበብ ( ከአንድ በላይ መምረጥ ይቻላል ) ይመልሱ ፡፡

2. ግልጽ ያልሆነ ጥያቄ ካለ መረጃ ሰብሳቤውን መጠይቅ ይችላሎ ፡፡

ፍቃደኝ ነወት?

ሀ. አዎ ለ . አደለሁም

አዎ ካሎ ወደ ሚ ቀጥለውት ጥያቄ ይለፉ ፡፡

ክፍል 1 ማህበራዊ እና ስነ ህዝባዊ መረጃ

101. እድሜ ------------አመት

102. ሀይማኖት

ሀ/ኦርቶዶክስ ክርስትያን ለ.ፕሮቲስታንት

ሐ.ሙስሊም መ.ሌላ -----

103. ብሄር

ሀ. አማራ ለ.ትግሬ

ሐ. ኦሮሞ መ.ሶማሌ ሰ. ሌሎች

104 .የጋብቻ ሁኔታ

 ሀ.ያገባች ለ. ያላገባች

ሐ .የፈታች መ. የሞተባት

105. የመጠሸበት ቦታ

ሀ.ገጠር ለ. ከተማ

106. ስንተኛ ዓመት ነሽ

ሀ.አንደኛ አመት ለ. ሁለተኛ አመት

ሐ.ሶስተኛዓመት መ.አራተኛ ዓመት እና በላይ

ክፍል 2- ስነ ተዋልዶን የሚመለከቱ ጥያቂወች

201 የግብርሥጋ ግንኝነት ፈፅመሽ ታውቄ አለሽ ?

ሀ አዎ ለ.የለም

202. እርግዝና አጋጥሞሽ ያውቃል ?

ሀ. አዎ ለ.የለም

203.ለጥያቄ ቁጥር 202 አዎ ካሎ እርግዝናው የታቀደና የተፈለገ ነበር?

ሀ. አዎ ለ. አይደለም

204.በጥያቄ ቁጥር 202 አዎ ካሎ ውርጃ አካሄደሻል ?

ሀ. አዎ ለ.የለም

205. በአሁን ሰዓት የግብረ ስጋ ግንኝነት ታደርጌ አለሽ ?

ሀ. አዎ ለ. የለም

ክፍል 3 ስለድንገተኛ የእርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴ ያላቸውን እውቀት የሚመለከት ጥያቄ

301. ስለ ዘመናዊ የወሊድ መቆጣጠርያ ዘዴ ሰምተሽ ታውቄ አለሽ

ሀ. አዎ ለ. የለም

302. ለጥያቄ ቁጥር 301 አዎ ካሎ የትኛውን የመከላከያ ዘዴታውቄ አለሽ

ሀ. ክኒን (እንክብል ) ለ. በመርፊ የሚሰጥ

 ሐ. በመሀጸን የሚቀመጥ ሎፕ መ.በክንድ የሚ ቀበር

ሠ ኮንዶም ረ.ሌላም ካለ --

303. የወሊድ መቆጣጠርያ ዘዴ ምንጭን ከየት ነው የገኘሽ ?

ሀ. ከጤና ባለሙያ ለ. ከጓደኛ ሠ. ከብዙሀን መገናኛ

ሐ .ከ/ት/ቤት መ. ከቤተሰብ ረ. ሌላ ካለ -----------

304. ድንገተኛ ወይም ያላሰብሽው ወይም በግድጃ የግበረ ስጋ ግንኙነት ብትፈጽሚ ድንገተኛ የርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴ እንዳለ ሰምተሸ
ታውቂያለሽ

ሀ. አዋ ለ. የለም

305. ለጥያቄ ቁጥር 304 አወ ካሎ ስለድንገተኛ የርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴ የሰማሽ ከየት ነው?

ሀ. ከጤና ባለሙያ ለ. ከብዙሀን መገናኛ ሠ. ከወጣቶች ማእከል

ሐ. ከቤተሰብ መ ከ/ትቤት ረ. ከጓደኛ

306. ለጥያቄ 304 የለም ካሎ ያልሰማሽበት ምክንያት ምንድነው ፤

ሀ. ስለመኖሩ የኘገረኝ አካል የለም ሐ. የሥርአተ ጾታ ትምህርት ስለለ

ለ. በመገናኛ ብዙሀን ስለማይነገር መ. ሌላ ካለ --

307. ድንገተኛ የእርግዝና መከላከያ እንክብል ከግንኙነት በኋላ በምን ያህል ስዓት ውስጥ መወለድ አለበት፤

ሀ. በ 24 ሰዓት ውስጥ ሐ. በ 72 ስአት ውስጥ ሠ. ከ 120 ስዓት በኋላ

ለ.በ 48 ስዓት ውስጥ መ. ከ 72-120 ስዓት ውስጥ

308. ከድንገተኛ የእርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴወች ውስጥ የትኙችን ታውቂያለሽ ?

ሀ.በአፍ የሚወሰድ ክኒን (እንክብል ) ሐ. እንክብል እና በመሀጸን ሚቀመጥ ሎፕ

ለ. በመሀጸን

የሚቀመጥ ሎፕ መ. ሌላ ካለ ----------

309. ድንገተኛ የእርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴ የምንጠቀመው መቼ ነው ?

ሀ. ድንገተኛ የግብረ ስጋ ግንኙነት ሲፈጸም ሐ. እንደ መደበኛ የወሊድ መቆጣጠሪያ

ለ. ኮንዶም በድንገት ሲቀደድ ወይም ሲወልቅ መ. ሌላ ካለ ---------- ክፍል አራት ስለድንገተኛ የእርግዝና ክፍል 4 መከላከያ ዘዴ
ያላቸውን አመለካካት የተመለከተ ጥያቄ

401.ድንገተኛ እርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴ በሰፊው አገልግሎት ላይ ቢውል ትደግፊያለሽ፤

ሀ.እስማማለሁ ለ. በጣም እስማማለሁ

ሐ.አልስማማም መ. በጣም አልስማማም

402. ድንገተኛ የእርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴ በሰፌው አገልግሎት ላይ መዋሎ ሴቶችን ለሴት አዳሪነት እና ሴሰኝነት ይገፋል በሚል ሀሳብ
ትስማሚያለሽ ?

ሀ.ስማማለሁ ለ. በጣም እስማማለሁ

ሐ. አልስማማም መ. በጣም አልስማማም

403. ድንገተኛ የእርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴ ለተጠቃሚወች ም ቹ ነው?

ሀ.እስማማለሁ ሐ. አልስማማም

ለ.በጣም እስማማለሁ መ. በጣም አልስማማም

404. ድንገተኛ የእርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴ በተጠቃሚወች ላይ የጤና ችግር ያመጣል?

ሀ. እስማማለሁ ሐ. አልስማማም

ለ.በጣም እስማማለሁ መ. በጣም አልስማማም

405. ወደ ፊት ድንገት (ያልታሰበ ) የግበረ ስጋ ግንኙነት ብትፈጽሚ ድነገተኛ የእርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴ ለመጠቀም ፍቃደኛ ነሽ ?

ሀ. አዎ ለ. አይደለሁም

ክፍል 5 ድንገተኛ የእርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴ መጠቀምን የተመለከቱ ጥያቄወች

501. የወሊድ መቆጣጠርያ ዘዴ ተጠቅመሽ ታወቂያለሽ ፤

ሀ. አዎ ለ. የለም

502.ጥያቄ ቁጥር 501 አወ ካሎ የትኛውን አይነት መቆጣጠርያ ዘዴ ትጠቀሚያለሽ

ሀ. ኪኒን ((እንክብል ) ሐ. ክንድ ላይ የሚቀበር ሠ. ሌላ ካለ ------

ለ. በመርፌ የሚሰጥ መ. በመሀጸን የሚቀመጥ ሎፕ

503. ጥያቄ 501 አዋ ካሎ የእርግዝና መከላከያ መድሃኔቱን ከየት ነው ያገኝሽው፤

ሀ. ከጤና ተቋም ለ. ከመዳህኒት ቤት

ሐ. ከግል ክሊኒክ መ. ሌላ ካለ --------

504. ድንገተኛ የእርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴ ተጠቅመሽ ታወቂ ያለሽ ፤

ሀ. አዎ ለ. የለም

505. በጥያቄ ቁጥር 504 የለም ካሎ ያልተጠቀምሽበት ምክንያት ምንድን ነው ?

ሀ. የጎንዩሽ ውጤቱን ፈረቼ ለ. ሓማኖት ስለማይፈቅድልኝ ሠ. ሌላ ------

ሐ. የመድሃኒቱ አቅርቦት ስለሌለ መ. ሚስጥር ይወጣብኛል ብየ

506. በጥያቄ ቁጠር 504 አዋ ካሎ የትኛውን አይነት ድንገተኛ የእርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴ ተጠቅመሻል ፤

ሀ. ክኒን (እንክብል) ለ. በመሀጸን የሚቀመጥ ሎፕ

ሐ. ሌላ ካለ ---------

507.ምርጫሽ በአፍ የሚሰጥ ክኒን ከሆነ በታዘዘው መሰረት በትክክል ወስደሽዋል ?

ሀ. አዎ ለ. የለም

508. ድንገተኛ የእርግዝና መከላከያ ዘዴ መዳህኒቱን ከየት ነው ያገኝሽው ?

ሀ. ከጤና ጣብያ ለ. ከሆስፒታል ሠ. ሌላ ካለ ----

ሐ. ከቤተሰብ መምርያ መ. ከመዳህኒት ቤት