Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI-590 018, KARNATAKA

REPORT ON

“PHYSICAL EDUCATION (SPORTS AND ATHLETICS) - I”

(BPEK359)
Submitted in the partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of
Degree

Submitted by

Kushik G P 4BD23CS090

Physical Education Coordinator

Dr. Naresh Patel K M
Associate Professor,
Department of CS&E BIET,
Davanagere

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology
Davanagere-577004 2024-25
 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology Davanagere-

577004

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Kushik G P bearing USN 4BD23CS090 of Computer Science and
Engineering department have satisfactorily submitted the report entitled “PHYSICAL
EDUCATION (SPORTS AND ATHLETICS) - I”. The report has been approved
as it satisfies the academic requirements for the year 2024- 25.

Physical Education Coordinator Program Coordinator

Dr. Naresh Patel K M Ph. D Dr. Nirmala C R Ph. D

Associate Professor, Professor & Head,
Department of CS&E. Department of CS&E
 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Salutations to my beloved and highly esteemed institute, “BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY” for having well qualified staff and lab furnished
with necessary equipment’s.
I express my sincere thanks to my PE Coordinator Dr. Naresh Patel K M for giving us
constant encouragement, support and valuable guidance throughout the course of PE
without whose guidance this PE would not have been achieved.

I express whole hearted gratitude to Dr. Nirmala C R, H.O.D of Computer Science and
Engineering Department. I wish to thank her for making my task easy by providing her
valuable help and encouragement.
I also express my whole hearted gratitude to principal, Dr. H B Aravind for his moral
support and encouragement.

I also express my whole hearted gratitude to director, Prof. Y Vrushabhendrappa for his
moral support and encouragement
I would like to extend my gratitude to all the staff and non-technical staff of Computer
Science and Engineering Department for their help and support. I have benefited a lot
from the feedback, suggestions given by them.

I would like to extend my gratitude to all my family members and friends for their advice
and moral support.
 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

Vision and Mission of the Institute

Vision
“To be a centre of excellence recognized nationally and internationally, in distinctive
areas of engineering education and research, based on a culture of innovation and
invention.”

Mission
“BIET contributes to the growth and development of its students by imparting a broad
based engineering education and empowering them to be successful in their chosen
field by inculcating in them positive approach, leadership qualities and ethical values.”

Vision and Mission of the Department

Vision
“To be a centre-of-excellence by imbibing state-of-the-art technology in the field of
Computer Science and Engineering, thereby enabling students to excel professionally
and be ethical.”

Mission
1. Adapting best teaching and learning techniques that cultivates Questioning and
Reasoning culture among the students.
2. Creating collaborative learning environment that ignites the critical thinking in
students and leading to the innovation.
3. Establishing Industry Institute relationship to bridge the skill gap and make them
industry ready and relevant.
4. Mentoring students to be socially responsible by inculcating ethical and moral
values.
 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

Program Educational Outcomes (PEOs)

PEO1 To apply skills acquired in the discipline of Computer Science and Engineering for
solving societal and industrial problems with apt technology intervention.

PEO2 To continue their career in industry/academia or to pursue higher studies and

research.

PEO3 To become successful entrepreneurs, innovators to design and develop software

products and services that meets the societal, technical and business challenges.

PEO4 To work in the diversified environment by acquiring leadership qualities with

effective communication skills accompanied by professional and ethical values.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

PSO1 Analyze and develop solutions for problems that are complex in nature by applying
the knowledge acquired from the core subjects of this program.

PSO2 Ability to develop Secure, Scalable, Resilient and distributed applications for
industry and societal requirements.

PSO3 Ability to learn and apply the concepts and construct of emerging technologies like
Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, Deep learning, Big Data Analytics, IoT,
Cloud Computing, etc. for any real time problems.

Course Outcomes (Cos)

At the end of the course, the student will be able to

CO1 Understand the fundamental concepts and skills of Physical Education,

Health,
Nutrition and Fitness

CO2 Familiarization of health-related Exercises, Sports for overall growth and

Development

CO3 Create a foundation for the professionals in Physical Education and Sports

CO4 Participate in the competition at regional/state / national/ international

Levels
 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

CO5 Create consciousness among the students on Health, Fitness and Wellness
in developing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle
 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

ABSTRACT

The advocates for the integration of physical education into the engineering
curriculum,
recognizing the potential benefits for students' physical health, mental well-being, and overall
academic performance. Through a combination of theoretical exploration and practical
implementation, the research aims to establish the positive correlation between regular physical
activity and cognitive abilities in engineering students. Utilizing surveys and performance
metrics, the study assesses the impact of physical education on stress management,
concentration, and problem-solving skills. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for
educators and institutions, encouraging a paradigm shift towards a more comprehensive
educational model that nurtures not only intellectual but also physical resilience in future
engineers.
 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

CONTENTS
TOPIC PAGE NO

Sl. Topic Page No.

No
1 Module-1: Orientation
1.1 Lifestyle 01
1.2 Health and Wellness 03
1.3 Pre-Fitness Test 05
2 Module-2: General Fitness and Components of Fitness
2.1 Warming Up (Free Hand Exercise) 07
2.2 Strength (Push up/Pull up) 08
2.3 Speed 30-meter dash 10
3 Module-3: Specific games
3.1 Kabaddi – Hand touch,Toe Touch ,Thigh Hold, Ankle Hold And 11
Bonus
 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

LIST OF FIGURES
TOPIC PAGE NO

Sl. Figure Name Page No.

No
1 Module-1: Orientation
1.1 Lifestyle 01
1.2.1 Health and Wellness 03
1.2.2 Meditation 04
1.3.1 Pre-Fitness Test 05
1.3.2 Yoga asana 06
2 Module-2: General Fitness and Components of Fitness
2.1 Warming Up (Free Hand Exercise) 07
2.2 Strength (Push up/Pull up) 08
2.3 Speed 30-meter dash 10
3 Module-3: Specific games
3.1 Kabaddi 11
3.2 Hand touch 12
3.3 Toe Touch 13
3.4 Thigh Hold 14
3.5 Ankle Hold 15
3.6 Bonus 16
 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

Module 1: ORIENTATION
1.1 Lifestyle
AIM
The aim of lifestyle is to cultivate well-being, balance, and fulfillment through healthy habits, personal
growth, meaningful relationships, work-life harmony, financial stability, and alignment with one's
values and purpose.

Fig 1.1: Lifestyle

I want to live healthy, happy lives. Some of us are fortunate to lead healthy lifestyles already, but
others might be unaware of their harmful habits or find healthier options difficult or impractical. Those
of us who know our lifestyles could benefit from a few changes may resolve to implement healthy
habits sometime later, such as the first day of the new year or after completing a demanding project at
work. So what do we mean by health-promoting behavior patterns? Simply put, they might be any
habits associated with positive health outcomes as well as the lack of health-harming practices. With so
many choice combinations, it is essential to understand the benefits of healthy choices and distinguish
them from unhealthy choices.

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:01

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

Here are some of the shared features of healthy lifestyles.

• Eating whole foods instead of processed foods
• Eating mindfully and thoughtfully
• Avoiding substances of abuse
• Being physically active
• Getting adequate sleep
• Good hygiene habits
• Practicing safe sex
• Prioritizing medical and mental care needs Benefits of a Lifestyle:
• Opting for a balanced, adequate and varied diet is an important step towards a happy and
healthy lifestyle.
• Vitamins and minerals in the diet are vital to boost immunity and healthy development,
• A healthy diet can protect the human body against certain types of diseases, in particular
noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, some types of
cancer and skeletal conditions.
• Healthy diets can also contribute to an adequate body weight.
• Healthy eating is a good opportunity to enrich life by experimenting with different foods from
different cultures, origins and with different ways to prepare food.
• The benefits of eating a wide variety of foods are also emotional, as variety and colour are
important ingredients of a balance diet.

Building Healthy Lifestyle Habits

One thing you might want to keep in mind is that, besides careful planning, changes in your
lifestyle will need a long-term commitment. You might have observed a friend or a loved
one resolve to lose weight. They might have gone on a restrictive diet and spent many
hours at the gym. Yet, soon after reaching their weight target, they might have returned to
their old eating habits and put away their gym bag in the far corner of their closet, slowly
gaining all the weight they had shed. Outcomes like this are associated with a lack of
commitment to behavioral changes. The secret to building healthy habits that last is to
choose sustainable behaviors that you can stick to.

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:02

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

1.2 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

Health and wellness encompass physical, mental, and social well-being. It involves
maintaining optimal functioning through healthy lifestyle choices, disease
prevention, stress management, and fostering a sense of balance and fulfilment.

Fig 1.2.1: Health and Wellness

World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
(illness).WHO defines wellness as “the optimal state of health of individuals and
groups,” and wellness is expressed as “a positive approach to living.”The primary
difference between health and wellness is that health is the goal and wellness is the
active process of achieving it. You truly cannot have health without first achieving
wellness. Wellness has a direct influence on overall health, which is essential for

living a robust, happy, and fulfilled life.

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:03

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

The five main points about health and wellness:

1. Holistic well-being: Health and wellness encompass physical, mental, emotional, social, and
spiritual aspects of a person's life.
2. Preventive care: Prioritizing preventive measures such as regular exercise, balanced nutrition,
adequate sleep, and stress management helps maintain overall health and prevent illness.
3. Mental health: Mental well-being is integral to health and wellness. It involves managing stress,
cultivating resilience, seeking support when needed, and promoting positive mental attitudes. 4. Social
connections: Strong social relationships contribute to overall wellness. Building and maintaining
supportive social connections are vital for emotional health and a sense of belonging.
5. Lifestyle choices: Making healthy lifestyle choices such as avoiding harmful habits like smoking or
excessive alcohol consumption, and engaging in regular physical activity, significant impacts overall
health and wellness.

Fig 1.2.2: Meditation

Meditation is a practice in which an individual uses a technique to train attention and awareness and
detach from reflexive, "discursive thinking,” achieving a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable
state, while not judging the meditation process itself.
Direction of mental attention... A practitioner can focus intensively on one particular object
(socalled concentrative meditation), on all mental events that enter the field of awareness
(socalled mindfulness meditation), or both specific focal points and the field of awareness

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:04

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

1.3 Pre-Fitness test:

Pre-fitness testing involves evaluating an individual's physical condition before starting an exercise
program. It typically assesses cardiovascular health, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and
body composition to determine baseline fitness levels.

Fig 1.3.1:Pre Fitness test The

five main points about pre-fitness testing:
1. Baseline assessment: Establishes starting fitness levels before beginning an exercise program.
2. Identifies strengths and weaknesses: Helps tailor workout plans to individual needs.
3. Determines health risks: Identifies potential issues or limitations that may affect exercise
safety.
4. Guides goal-setting: Provides benchmarks for tracking progress and setting realistic fitness
goals
5. Enhances safety: Ensures exercise programs are appropriate and safe for individual fitness
levels
The student's name, level, gender, and age are recorded at the top along with their scores on each
individual test. The document discusses physical fitness testing, noting that such tests measure physical
strength, agility, and endurance. They are commonly used in schools, medical settings, and careers
involving physical ability.

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:05

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

1.3.1 Adho Mukha Svanasana (Downward-Facing Dog)

Begin on all fours, lifting your hips toward the sky and straightening your legs. Your hands should be
shoulder-width apart, and your feet hip-width apart.

Fig 1.3.2: Yoga asana

It looks like there was an issue with generating the image. However, you can easily visualize Adho
Mukha Svanasana (Downward-Facing Dog) as a common yoga pose where the body forms an
inverted "V." The hands are flat on the mat, shoulder-width apart, and the feet are hip-width apart, with
the heels trying to reach the floor. The hips are lifted high, and the arms and legs are fully extended.
Benefits:
1. Strengthens the Entire Body
2. Improves Flexibility
3. Promotes Better Posture
4. Relieves Tension and Stress
5. Stimulates Circulation
6. Improves Balance and Coordination
7. Relieves Back Pain
8. Helps With Digestion
9. Enhances Mental Clarity and Focus

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:06

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

MODULE 2: GENERAL FITNESS AND COMPONENTS OF

FITNESS
AIM
General fitness encompasses various components, including cardiovascular endurance, muscular
strength, flexibility, and body composition. Engaging in a balanced exercise routine that incorporates
aerobic activities, strength training, and flexibility exercises helps address these components for overall
well-being. 2.1 Warming Up (Free hand exercise): Warming up with free-hand exercises involves
performing gentle movements and stretches without equipment to prepare the body for more intense
physical activity. It increases blood flow, loosens muscles, and reduces the risk of injury.

2.1 Warming Up (Free hand exercise):

Warming up with free-hand exercises involves performing gentle movements and stretches
without equipment to prepare the body for more intense physical activity. It increases blood flow,
loosens muscles, and reduces the risk of injury.

Fig 2.1: Warming up

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:07

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

Certainly! Here are five main points about warming up with free-hand exercises:
1. Increases blood flow: Promotes circulation to muscles, preparing them for activity.
2. Enhances flexibility: Loosens muscles and joints, improving range of motion.
3. Reduces injury risk: Preps the body and joints, decreasing the chance of strains or sprains.
4. Improves performance: Primes the body for exercise, leading to better physical performance.
5. Mentally prepares: Helps focus the mind and mentally prepare for the upcoming workout or activiy.

2.2 Strength (Push Up/Pull Up):

Strength, exemplified in exercises like push-ups and pull-ups, is the capacity of muscles to exert force
against resistance, building muscle mass, enhancing endurance, and improving overall physical power
and capability.

Fig 2.2: Strength

1 Push-Ups
Push-ups are a fundamental bodyweight exercise that primarily target the upper body. They are a
compound movement that works multiple muscle groups simultaneously.

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:08

Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

.
2. Pull-Ups
Pull-ups are an advanced bodyweight exercise that focus on the upper body and involve lifting your
body upward while hanging from a bar.
How Push-ups and Pull-ups Contribute to Strength:
• Push-ups are excellent for developing pushing strength, focusing on the chest, shoulders, and
triceps, while also engaging the core.
• Pull-ups focus on pulling strength, targeting the back, biceps, and shoulders.
Both exercises are crucial for overall upper body strength and can be modified to suit different fitness
levels. When combined, they work complementary muscle groups and offer a balanced approach to
strength training.

The five main points about strength, as demonstrated through push-ups and pull-ups:
1. Muscle activation: Engages multiple muscle groups, including chest, arms, shoulders, and back.
2. Resistance training: Builds strength by challenging muscles against body weight or external
resistance.
3. Functional fitness: Improves everyday tasks requiring pushing or pulling motions.
4. Core engagement: Enhances core stability and strength during both exercises.
5. Versatility: Can be performed anywhere with minimal equipment, promoting accessibility and
convenience.

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:09

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

2.3 Speed 30-meter dash

Speed in a 30-meter dash refers to the rate of motion over a short distance, emphasizing quick
acceleration and maximal velocity, often used to assess sprinting ability and athletic performance.

Fig 2.3: Speed 30-mtr dash

The five main points about the 30-meter dash:

1. Acceleration: Focuses on rapid acceleration from a stationary position to achieve maximum
speed in a short distance.
2. Explosive power: Emphasizes the ability to generate force quickly, essential for quick starts and
bursts of speed.
3. Technique: Proper running form, including arm drive, leg turnover, and body positioning,
optimizes speed and efficiency.
4. Coordination: Requires precise coordination between the upper and lower body to maximize
stride length and frequency.
5. Speed endurance: While short, the 30-meter dash still demands a level of speed endurance to
maintain momentum through the entire distance.

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:10

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

Module 3 :KABADDI
AIM

Kabaddi is a traditional team sport that originated in India and is particularly popular in South Asia. It is
a fast-paced and physically demanding game that involves a combination of strategy, agility, strength,
and teamwork. The sport is played in both professional leagues and informal settings.

Fig 3.1: Kabaddi Key

Skills in Kabaddi:
1. Agility and Speed: Raiders need to be fast and agile to avoid defenders and tag opponents.
2. Strength and Power: Defenders require physical strength to tackle the raider and stop them from
scoring.
3. Stamina and Endurance: Kabaddi is a high-intensity game, requiring players to have excellent
cardiovascular endurance.
4. Tactics and Strategy: Kabaddi is not only about physical strength; teams often use clever
strategies, such as trapping or cornering the raiders, to gain an advantage.
5. Team Coordination: Since it's a team game, good communication and coordination between
players are vital for success

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:11

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

3.1 Hand touch :

Hand Touch refers to the action in the game where the raider touches an opponent with their hand
(usually while crossing the midline into the opposing team's half).

Fig 3.2: Hand touch

The raider must "tag" or "touch" an opposing player (defender) and then return to their side of the field
without being tackled or caught

Key Points:
• The raider must continuously chant "kabaddi" without taking a breath.
• A successful hand touch results in a point for the raider’s team.
• If the raider is caught or fails to return to their side, they are out, and the opposing team earns a
point.

In kabaddi, the "hand touch" is crucial for raiders to score points and is a key part of the sport’s strategy.
Let me know if you're referring to a different context, and I'd be happy to clarify further!

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:12

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

3.2 Toe touch :

Toe touch is a specific technique used by the raider during their attempt to tag a defender while raiding
the opponent's half of the field. This technique involves the raider using a quick movement of their feet
to touch or tag an opponent without getting caught or tackled. It is a crucial move that requires agility,
precision, and speed.

Fig 3.3: Toe touch Importance

of the Toe Touch in Kabaddi:
• Speed and Agility: The toe touch requires fast reflexes and the ability to quickly tap an opponent
before they can react.
• Evasion: It allows the raider to evade a full tackle by using the feet to touch rather than trying to
make contact with the hands or body.
• Precision: The raider must be accurate with the toe touch, as a missed or unsuccessful touch
could result in the raider being caught by the defenders, leading to a point for the opposing team.
The toe touch is an important skill for raiders to master in kabaddi, as it enhances their ability to
score points efficiently while minimizing the risk of being tackled or caught.

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:13

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

3.3 Thigh hold

Thigh hold is a technique used by the defenders to tackle or immobilize a raider. It is one of the more
effective and strategic methods to stop a raider from returning to their side of the field after tagging an
opponent. The thigh hold is particularly useful when trying to control the raider's movement and prevent
them from escaping.

Fig 3.4: Thigh hold Importance

of the Thigh Hold in Kabaddi:
• Control: The thigh hold allows defenders to maintain control over the raider's body, especially
when the raider is trying to use speed or agility to escape.
• Effective Tackle: By grabbing the thigh, defenders can limit the raider's mobility and prevent
them from escaping quickly, making it easier to complete a tackle.
• Strategic Play: Defenders often use the thigh hold in combination with other tactics, such as
surrounding the raider or cutting off escape routes, to increase the chances of success.
• Strength and Timing: This move requires good timing, strength, and technique, as the defender
needs to be in the right position and execute the hold without losing grip.

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:14

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

3.4 Ankle hold

Ankle hold is a defensive technique used by players to stop a raider from escaping back to their side
after they have crossed into the opponent's half. It is one of the key tactics employed by defenders to
neutralize a raider's speed and mobility.

Fig 3.5: Ankel hold Importance

of the Ankle Hold in Kabaddi:
• Control of the Raider: The ankle hold is an effective way to restrict the movement of the raider,
especially when they are trying to evade the defenders and return to their half of the field. By
grabbing the ankle, the defender can significantly slow down the raider.
• Disrupting the Raider's Balance: Since the raider is typically focused on running away from the
defenders, grabbing the ankle is a strategic way to destabilize them. Once their balance is
disrupted, they are more likely to be caught or brought to the ground.
The ankle hold is a crucial defensive technique in kabaddi, used to stop a raider from escaping or
returning to their side after making a move. It requires strength, precision, and excellent timing. When
used correctly, the ankle hold is an effective way to immobilize the raider and help the defending team
score points by getting the raider "out."

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:15

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

3.5 BONUS
"Bonus" refers to an additional point or opportunity that can be earned by a raider under certain
conditions. The concept of a bonus point adds an extra layer of strategy to the game, giving raiders and
teams the chance to score extra points beyond the standard raid and tackle points.

FIG 3.6: Bonus Key

Conditions for the Bonus Point:
• Minimum of 2 Defenders: There must be at least two defenders present on the field to make a
bonus attempt possible.
• Successful Return: The raider must cross the bonus line and return to their side of the field safely,
without being tackled or caught.
• Chanting “Kabaddi”: The raider must continuously chant "kabaddi, kabaddi" during the entire
attempt, or the attempt becomes invalid.
The bonus point in kabaddi adds excitement and complexity to the game. It provides a strategic
opportunity for raiders to score additional points, but requires careful timing, positioning, and risk
management. The bonus point also adds a layer of defense for the defending team, as they need to
prevent the raider from crossing the bonus line while also managing the overall flow of the game.

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:16

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

CONCLUSION

Module I lays the foundation by focusing on lifestyle education, health awareness, and pre-fitness
testing, which are essential for understanding individual fitness levels and tracking progress. The
practical application in Module II, with a focus on strength exercises, speed drills, and warm-up
techniques, builds the core physical abilities necessary for overall fitness and performance. Finally,
Module III emphasizes the importance of mastering kabaddi skills such as the hand touch, toe touch,
ankle hold, thigh hold, and bonus point, which not only enhance physical strength and agility but also
instill strategic thinking in a team sport context. The combination of theoretical knowledge and practical
skill development equips participants with the tools needed to improve their fitness levels and apply
these skills effectively in various physical activities, including kabaddi. Overall, this program serves as a
comprehensive and well-rounded introduction to health, fitness, and sports education

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:17

 Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I

References
Text Books
1. Umesh Kr. Ahlawat “Physical Education and Sports Science “.
2. Sanjay Kundra “Physical Education “.
3.Sathyanantha Saraswathi Asana, Pranayama, Mudra and bandha Yoga Publiscations Trust, Munger,
Bihar, India 2005
4.Health Education Chandra, Soti Shivendra and Puri, Krishnan. Health Education and Physical
Education, New Delhi: Surjeet Publications. 2005 Chaube S P and Chaube Akhiles
5.School Hygiene and Health Education, Agra: Vinod Pustak Mandir. 2005. Sharma, Sita Ram.
Principles of Health Education, New DelhI
6.Friends Publications. 2005. Venkatiah S. Health Education, New Delhi: Anumol Publications. 2004.
K Park. Preventive and social medicine, Jabalpur: Banarsidas publishers. 2007
7. Posture and Corrective measures Southmayd, William and Hoffman, Marshall. Sports Health,
Ludhiana : Kalyani Piblishers. 2004 Almer singh et,al. Essentials of Physical 3.Joshua I.Newman
“Sports ,physical culture and the Moving body”.

Web Links
1. https://tripurauniv.ac.in/Page/SubjectWiseOnline_EBooks_PhysicalEducation
2.https://vinu.on.worldcat.org/oclc/1127567682
3.https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Teaching_Methods_Of_Physical_Education.html?id=QiFIAG
arAiIC&redir_esc=y
4. "Majority of States Have Loopholes That Let Kids Get Out of Gym Class". HuffPost. 2012-11-14. 5.
"Shape of the Nation : Physical Education in the USA" (PDF). Shapeamerica.org. Retrieved 2 March
2022.
6."Enhancing P.E. in Illinois" (PDF). Iphioline.org. Retrieved 2 March 2022.

Department of CS&E,BIET Page No:18

Physical Education (Sports and Athletics)-I