Sheet One Answers
Lecture One:
1- Multi: more than one *medium: intermediary or mean *media is the
plural of medium
2- *mass media *transmission media *storage media *communication media
3- Refers to the various information forms and the operations on it
4- Computer technologies and applicants
5- *digitized *distributed *interactive *integrated
6- We get 80% by sight but remember 20% *we get 11% by hearing by
remembering 30% *3.5% by smell *1.5%by touch
*we remember 50%of we seen and heard both and remember 80% we
seen and heard and done so that is why important to interact with the data
7- “HCR” human computer interface
8- “CG” computer graphics
9- *text *audio *still images *video *graphics *animation
10- “MIDI” musical instrument digital interface
11- *(discrete media ”DM”, continuous media ”CM”) *(captured,
synthesized) *(stand alone, networked)
12- *representation *storage *processing *understanding
*production *presentation *distribution *protection
*communication
13- *the main participant in digital revolution *for the convergence of the
computers *new application potential *interesting technical issues
14- - evolution of communication and data network
-ubiquitous access to network
-fast processor and large capacity storage devices
-new algorithms and data structure
- smart terminals
-the digitization of virtually devices
15- -techniques of compressing
-techniques of communication
-techniques of accessing
-techniques of organizing
16- “QOS” quality of service
17- “OCR” optical character recognition
Lecture Two:
1- Is a continuous wave travels through a medium
2- It is energy which causes disturbance in a medium
3- It’s the study of the sound generation, transmission and reception
4- It’s a device that turns the energy to a different form
5- It’s a device which placed in the sound field and turns it into electronic energy
form
6- It’s a device that turns the electrical form to sound form
7- From 20 -> 20 KHZ
8- It’s an excessive unwanted sound that it can cause hear loss
9- It’s a pressure variation that travels through the air to the human ear
10- Because we can’t measure the acoustic energy accurately but we can do this
with the sound pressure
11- *amplitude *frequency
12- Decibel
𝑝
13- Db = 20 log [10−5 ]
𝐼
14- Db = 10 log [10−12 ]
15- The human border to start feel something
16- Sound pressure level
Sheet Two
1- What is the definition of the sound?
Is the a wave that travels through medium
2- What is the important range for the intensity, for
frequency?
(0->120),(2k->4k)
3- Why we convert the analog signal into digital signal?
Because computer can’t work on analog signal so we do that
for (transmission, processing, storage and display)
4- What are the levels of AD conversion process?
(sampling, quantization, coding)
5- What is the PCM coding?
Pulse coding modulation
6- What will be happened when the frequency is too low?
It will be distorted and not recognized with very low ability to
reconstruct it without any quality loss
7- What is the Nyquist rate?
Is the rate we use to be able to reconstruct the sound
again without huge loss and = 2x the highest frequency
in the wave
8- What is Fourier Transform?
Tells us how the energy of the signal distributed along the
frequencies
9- What is the sampling rate of (Telephone, AM-Radio, FM-
Radio, CD)?
(8, 11.025, 22.050, 44.1)
10- What are the two types of compression?
Free lossless audio codec
11- How does run length work?
12- Give examples for Entropy encoding?
13- What is the Huffman coding?
14- What is the theoretical lowest average length for
Huffman coding?
15- What type of data structure in which Huffman coding
is based on?
16- What is the meaning of frequency Masking?
17- Give a brief about temporal masking?
18- What are the types of lossless coding?
19- What is FLAC?
20- What RLE?
Run-length encoding (RLE) is a form of lossless data compression in w
which the same data value occurs in many consecutive data elements) are s
count, rather than as the original run.
21- If we can’t hear the sound, should we encode it?
No, we don’t encode it and by this way improve the
compression
22- What are the characteristics of ideal speech?
Low bit-rate, low complexity, low delay, high perceived
quality
23- What MPEG?
Moving picture expert group
24- What CF?
Cold fusion
25- What does the MPEG relay on?
Quantization, Inaccuracy in human auditory
26- Who divide the subbands to 32?
Bank of filters
27- What is the equation to get the video bit rate?
(width*height*depth*fps)/compression rate
28- is the No of frames equal to the pictures?
No the frame contains a number of pictures
29- What is VBR?
Video bit rate
30- How to get the baud rate?
Bit rate/number of bits per symbols
31- What is the difference between intra- frame
compression, inter-frame compression?
Intra-> it’s within the frame, inter->between frames
32- what is DCT?
Discrete cosine transform
33- What are the four modes of JPEG?
Lossless JPEG, sequential JPEG, progressive JPEG, hierarchical
JPEG
Some examples questions with solution
Sheet three answers
Lecture seven:
1. Moving Picture Experts Group
2. “5” MPEG (1, 2, 4, 7, 21)
3. 3
4. National television system committee
5. I-frames, P-frames, B-frames
6. Group of pictures
7. Motion vector, prediction error
8. Digital TV
9. Refers to the enhancement used to increase the picture
quality without increasing the picture resolution
10. 1) compression 2)content-based interactivity 3)universal
access
11. Visual object plane
12. Binary format for scene
Lecture eight:
1. for efficient storage and the transmission
2. the intra-frame and the inter-frame
3. CCIR, CCITT, CMTT, ISO
4. To reduce the cost of the codecs, triggers the product
development, industrial growth, enables the compatibility
5. For data-> transformation, decomposition,
representation,,, then the quantization, symbol coding
6. Facilitate the adaptive quantization
7. It computes to the nearest integer
8. Level-> is the value of the non-zero coefficient, run-> the
number of zero coefficients preceding it.
Lecture nine:
1. Encoding of the symbols into bit strings that use fewer
bits
2. X-> the page number, y-> the word number
3. Audio or video
4. LZ77, LZ78, LZW
5. 0-> ASCII character, 1-> code
6. Flush the dictionary periodically, grow the length of the
codes
7. Component in the multimedia document, presentation
8. Process to produce a medium object
9. Continuous media
10. Change with time, large volume of
data, Real-time processing time
Lecture ten:
1. Pre-production, in production, post production
2. Key light, fill light, back light
3. Society for motion picture television engineers
4. Transition, superimposing, filtering, morphing
