HANKOOK TIRE TRUCK AND BUS TYRE

TECHNICAL MANUAL
Introduction I Product information I Regrooving guide
Rim and accessories I Maintenance and care

Hankook Tyre UK Ltd.

Fawsley Drive, Heartlands Business Park, Daventry, Northamptonshire, NN11 8UG.
Tel: +44 (0)1327 304100 Fax: +44 (0)1327 304110 hankooktire.com/uk hankooktire.com/uk
200317_TRUCK AND BUS TYRE TECHNICAL MANUAL
PREFACE CONTENTS

This manual provides information about truck and bus tyres that can help Hankook Tire 01 Introduction
customers achieve safe and economical use of our products and maximise tyre life. 05 About Hankook Tire
07 Hankook tyre segmentation
The purchase of truck and bus tyres should be looked at as an investment to be protected
by thorough maintenance and care in order to produce the best return on your investment 09 Load index and speed symbol
and fleet operating efficiency. 11 Truck tyre markings
13 Smartec technology
Information covered in this manual includes how to achieve the best efficiency through
a program of regular tyre inspection, servicing, repairing and so on. Specific safety related 02 Product Information
information regarding mounting and demounting tyres is also included. 18 Truck and bus tyre range
20 Introduction of each segment
Careful attention on a regular basis can provide you with added safety and economy.
We hope the information is helpful to all tyre service men and fleet operators. 32 Technical table legend
34 Technical data of all tyres

03 Regrooving Guide
50 Regrooving introduction
52 Regrooving technical data

04 Rim and Accessories

74 Technical data of rims
78 Demounting and mounting
80 Tubeless tyre demounting and mounting
84 Tubeless rim valve mounting
86 About dual spacing

05 Maintenance and Care

90 About tyre inflation
92 Truck alignment and tyre wear
97 Abnormal tread wear
98 Tyre damage
TRUCK AND BUS TYRE I TECHNICAL MANUAL About Hankook Tire

INTRODUCTION
Hankook tyre segmentation
Load index and speed symbol
Truck tyre markings
Smartec technology
INTRODUCTION

About Hankook Tire

HISTORY OF HANKOOK Europe TBX : Truck and Bus Express

Distribution : HTM network HTM : Hankook Truck Masters
1941 Founded Retreading : alphatread HHH : Hankook Highway Helpline
1979 Built Daejeon (Korea) plant Pan-European breakdown service :
Road Assist 24h
1982 Established the main R&D Centre
1997 Built Geumsan (Korea) plant Korea / China
North America Service : TBX network (Korea)
1999 Built Jiangsu (China) and Jiaxing (China) plant Hankook Truck masters (China)
Service : NAP network
2005 Built G’Trac (proving ground) in Geumsan Retreading : HK dealership network Retreading : alphatread

2006 Ranked seventh largest tyre manufacturer in the world

2008 Begun production at Hungary plant
2008 Expanded Geumsan plant
2009 Launched ‘e-cube’, the environmentally friendly tyre
2013 Launched ‘e-cube MAX’, the second generation of
our environmentally friendly tyre
2014 Supply to Mercedes-Benz Trucks OE
2015 Supply to MAN OE
2016 Launching of ‘e-cube Blue’
2016 Supply to Scania OE
Australia
2018 Supply to Mercedes-Benz Bus Service : HHH network
Retreading : Reclamation warranty
2020 Supply to Volvo

GLOBAL RANKING

Bridgestone 1
Michelin 2
Goodyear 3
Continental 4

7 5
Pirelli
Sumitomo 6 6
Hankook Tire Co., Ltd.

Yokohama 8
Cooper Tyre 9
Kumho Tyre 10

TECHNICAL MANUAL 05 • 06
INTRODUCTION

Hankook Tire segmentation

e-cube
Environmentally friendly tyre enhanced with fuel efficiency and high mileage attributes.

Product brand Position Circumstance Sequence No.

Mixed
Long Regional
Position Urban service, Winter
haul haul off-road

A AL AH AU AM AW
e-cube (e 3) = energy x economy x environment
D DL DH DM DW
energy Improved fuel efficiency.
T TL TH TM TW
The highest economic efficiency, through lower fuel
economy consumption and high mileage.

environment Reduced harmful emissions through improved fuel efficiency.

L Long distance driving

Long haul

H Medium distance driving

E-CUBE SERIES (LONG HAUL PRODUCT)
SEVERITY

Regional haul

U City bus, urban traffic

Urban

M On and off-road construction

Mixed service, off-road

W Winter road conditions

Winter

TECHNICAL MANUAL 07 • 08
INTRODUCTION

Load index and speed symbol

SIZE MARKINGS CONVERSION OF LOAD INDEX (LI) INTO LOAD CAPACITIES PER TYRE
Markings 295/80R 22.5 152/147L LI kg Ibs LI kg Ibs
295 Tyre section width (mm)
110 1060 2335 141 2575 675
80 Aspect ratio [(section height / section width) x 100]
R Radial structure 111 1090 2405 142 2650 5840
22.5 Rim diameter (inch) 112 1120 2470 143 2725 6010
152 Max. load index when mounting single wheels (3,550kg) 113 1150 2535 144 2800 6175
147 Max. load index when mounting dual wheels (3,075kg)
114 1180 2600 145 2900 6395
L Tyre max driving speed symbol (120km/h)
115 1215 2680 146 3000 6615
SPEED SYMBOLS [km/h and mph] 116 1250 2755 147 3075 6780
117 1285 2835 148 3150 6945
Symbol G J K L M
km/h 90 100 110 120 130 118 1320 2910 149 3250 7165
mph 56 62 68 75 81 119 1360 3000 150 3350 7385
120 1400 3085 151 3450 7605
VARIATION IN LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY 121 1450 3195 152 3550 7825
Variation in load carrying capacity Inflation 122 1500 3305 153 3650 8045
Speed Speed symbol pressure
(km/h) compensation 123 1550 3415 154 3750 8265
F G J K L M (%)*
124 1600 3525 155 3875 8545
Static +150.0 +150.0 +150.0 +150.0 +150.0 +150.0 +40
125 1650 3640 156 4000 8820
5 +110.0 +110.0 +110.0 +110.0 +110.0 +110.0 +40
10 +80.0 +80.0 +80.0 +80.0 +80.0 +80.0 +30 126 1700 3750 157 4125 9095
15 +65.0 +65.0 +65.0 +65.0 +65.0 +65.0 +25 127 1750 3860 158 4250 9370
20 +50.0 +50.0 +50.0 +50.0 +50.0 +50.0 +21
128 1800 3970 159 4375 9645
25 +35.0 +35.0 +35.0 +35.0 +35.0 +35.0 +17
30 +25.0 +25.0 +25.0 +25.0 +25.0 +25.0 +13 129 1850 4080 160 4500 9920
35 +19.0 +19.0 +19.0 +19.0 +19.0 +19.0 +11 130 1900 4190 161 4625 10195
40 +15.0 +15.0 +15.0 +15.0 +15.0 +15.0 +10
131 1950 4300 162 4750 10470
45 +13.0 +13.0 +13.0 +13.0 +13.0 +13.0 +9
50 +12.0 +12.0 +12.0 +12.0 +12.0 +12.0 +8 132 2000 4410 163 4875 10745
55 +11.0 +11.0 +11.0 +11.0 +11.0 +11.0 +7 133 2060 4540 164 5000 11025
60 +10.0 +10.0 +10.0 +10.0 +10.0 +10.0 +6
134 2120 4675 165 5150 11355
65 +7.5 +8.5 +8.5 +8.5 +8.5 +8.5 +4
70 +5.0 +7.0 +7.0 +7.0 +7.0 +7.0 +2 135 2180 4805 166 5300 11685
75 +2.5 +5.5 +5.5 +5.5 +5.5 +5.5 +1 136 2240 4940 167 5450 12015
80 0 +4.0 +4.0 +4.0 +4.0 +4.0 0
137 2300 5070 168 5600 12345
85 +2.0 +3.0 +3.0 +3.0 +3.0 0
90 0 +2.0 +2.0 +2.0 +2.0 0 138 2360 5205 169 5800 12785
95 +1.0 +1.0 +1.0 +1.0 0 139 2430 5355 170 6000 13230
100 0 0 0 0 0
140 2500 5510
110 0 0 0 0
120 0 0 0
130 0 0
* Increments to be applied in the absence of any specific agreement with the tyre manufacturer

TECHNICAL MANUAL 09 • 10
INTRODUCTION

Truck tyre markings

TYRE SIZE MARKINGS

All truck tyres are marked to represent their structure,
construction type, dimensions and manufacturer / brand.
In addition they should carry the U.S. Department of Brand name
Transport code and/or ISO symbols. Below is a typical
E mark and No
Hankook tyre that illustrates ISO markings.
Korean industrial standard mark

Regroovable
T.W.I mark Tubeless

Brand tyre here Radial tyre

DOT code
Country name Pattern name

Tyre size

Test pressure
Safety warning
Load and speed symbol
Material
Load and inflation pressure
Province
Load range

Safety Warning
Serious injury may result from tyre failure due to under inflation or overloading. Follow the tyre placard instructions  ue to Improper mounting - only specially trained persons should mount tyres. Follow all safety procedures, inflate
D
on the vehicle and check inflation pressures frequently. using a safety cage and a remote clip-on extension hose.

TECHNICAL MANUAL 11 • 12
INTRODUCTION

Safety Mileage Anti-chip & cut Retreadability Tration

Robust structure Cover more distance Sturdy compound Saving costs Enhanced safety

Experience Smartec!
Hankook Tire is sustainably developing new truck and bus tyres.
We offer a wide range of different tyre solutions to meet the demands
of various road conditions and different customer needs. In order to
provide enhanced multi-performance to our customers, Hankook Tire
has high quality standards for all our products. The newly launched
‘Smartec’ concept is a combination of the best Hankook truck and bus
tyre technologies. ‘Smartec’ is based on the five main tyre performances:
safety, mileage, anti-chip & cut, retreadability and traction.
These benefits are usually being considered by customers when
choosing tyres.

From research to development throughout production,

all Hankook truck and bus products are based on ‘Smartec’
and aim to provide customers with the best
and safest driving experiences!

TECHNICAL MANUAL 13 • 14
 TECHNICAL INFORMATION
TRUCK AND BUS TYRE I TECHNICAL MANUAL Truck and bus tyre range

PRODUCT
Introduction of each segment
Technical table legend
Technical data of all tyres

INFORMATION
PRODUCT INFORMATION

Truck and bus tyre range

This chart will help you choose the most appropriate tyre for your driving conditions and No matter how far you drive, Hankook Tire has the solution.
the region. If you have any questions, please contact your nearest Hankook representative.

EU : Europe
Driving conditions / Axle All-Position Drive Trailer

Long distance transport AL10+ / AL10 DL10+ / DL10

TL10+ / TL10 / TL20
(above 500km) AL20 / AL20w DL20 / DL20w
Coach AL22 DL22
National and regional transport AH11 / AH22 DH03 / DH05 / DH16
TH22 / TH31
(below 500km) AH31 / AH35 / AH33 DH31 / DH35 / DH33+

Mixed service AM09 / AM15 / DM06 / DM09

TM15 / TM11
(Below 10% off-road) AM15+ / AM11 DM11
Off-road DM04 / DM07
AU03 / AU03+
Urban, multistop, transport (in the city)
AU04/AU04+
Winter AW02/AW02+ DW07 / DW06 TW01
Note : The tyres for front axle can be used for all-position. However, if you want to use them on drive or trailer axle,
please contact your nearest Hankook representative.

NOTES
T/T : Tube type T/L : Tubeless type
M + S : Mud and snow : 3PMSF (Three Peak Mountain Snowflake)
This data can be changed by manufacturer without prior notice.

The Tyre Labelling Regulation introduces :

• Fuel efficiency / wet grip / external rolling noise of tyres.

Its aim is to :
• Improve safety.
• Improve environmental and economic efficiency of road transport by promoting fuel efficient and
safe tyres.
• Lower noise levels.

Actual fuel saving and road safety depends heavily on the behaviour of drivers,
and in particular the following :
• Eco-driving can significantly reduce fuel consumption.
• Tyre pressure should be regularly checked to optimise wet grip and fuel efficiency performance.
• Stopping distances should always be strictly respected.

TECHNICAL MANUAL 18 • 19
PRODUCT INFORMATION

Segment L LONG HAUL The long haul tyre is ideally suited for long distance driving on express motorways and

Introduction of each segment good road conditions. It not only saves fuel but also provides excellent riding comfort and
handling performance.

All-position tyre for long haul usage with excellent fuel efficiency
and a high mileage capability.
An enhanced eco-friendly product designed with e-cube technology for long haul
steer service without compromising mileage, durability or safety.

M+ S

Long haul drive tyre for superior traction and

greater fuel efficiency.
M+ S
A specially designed product for long haul driving conditions, providing excellent
traction, higher mileage, uniform tread wear and greater fuel efficiency.

Long haul all-position tyre with extra low rolling resistance and
superb fuel efficiency.
Enhanced block stiffness results in better rolling resistance performance.
Thanks to smart shoulder block design abnormal tread wear is being reduced.
Trailer tyre with superb fuel efficiency and traction.
e-cube trailer product with a high mileage capability and significant fuel savings
M+ S for long haul operations.

Long haul drive axle tyre with extra low rolling resistance and
superb fuel efficiency.
Solid 4 block centered design ensures improved rolling resistance. Centre zigzag
grooves create a binding effect on each tread block contributing to better rolling
resistance and traction.

Long haul trailer tyre with extra low rolling resistance and superb fuel
efficiency.
Premium long haul line up with extra low rolling resistance and superb fuel efficieny.
The low rolling resistance compound reduces the loss of energy and results in
increased fuel efficiency. Multi-kerfs prevent irregular wear from external forces
and provide rib stiffness.

TECHNICAL MANUAL 20 • 21
PRODUCT INFORMATION

Segment L LONG HAUL Segment L COACH

All-position tyre for long haul trucking applications with

high fuel efficiency.
An enhanced eco-friendly product designed with e-cube technology for long haul
steer service without compromising mileage, durability or safety.

M+ S

Drive axle tyre for long haul trucks and buses with
extra high fuel efficiency.
A specially designed product for long haul driving conditions, providing excellent
traction, higher mileage, uniform tread wear and greater fuel efficiency.
M+ S

M+ S
Long distance coach tyre for excellent handling performance
and a high driving comfort on highways.
A combination of zigzag and straight grooves provides excellent traction on
Trailer tyre for long haul trucks with extra high fuel efficiency.
highways whilst the centre rib ensures high mileage and supreme handling
e-cube trailer product with a high mileage capability and significant fuel savings performance.
for long haul operations.

M+ S

Long distance coach drive axle tyre for excellent handling

performance and a high driving comfort on highways.
• Main 4 zigzag grooves improve block stiffness and traction.
• Square and interlocking centre blocks enable longer mileage,
and improve riding and handling.
• Centre V-shaped 3D kerf and lateral groove detail improve winter performance.

TECHNICAL MANUAL 22 • 23
PRODUCT INFORMATION

Segment H REGIONAL HAUL The regional haul tyre is designed for a reliable driving experience whilst providing excellent
traction and grip.

M+ S

Premium regional tyre developed for superior control

and extended tread life.
Combined pattern with straight and zigzag grooves provides better traction and
driving performance and reduces stone retention.
• Waved kerf pattern for Hankook’s premium regional haul steer tyre

M+ S

M+ S Drive tyre which provides improved mileage and excellent

braking performance.
Directional pattern provides better traction and braking performance.
All-season steer axle tyre for variable road conditions. • Optimised block size and shape sustain block stiffness and provide
Wide tread and wide shoulders for a long mileage and an excellent handling better driving stability.
performance.

M+ S

M+ S
All-season steer axle tyre for variable road conditions.
The special tread pattern design with a combination of 4 wavy and straight grooves
All-season drive axle tyre for variable road conditions. provide outstanding traction and drainage performance on long and regional haul
Self-Regenerating Kerfs (S.R. Kerfs) control the tearing and wearing with the help of multi-applications.
hidden grooves whilst maintaining traction even at the end of the groove wear. • Wide tread width offers high pattern volume resulting in a high mileage performance.

M+ S
M+ S

All-season drive axle tyre for variable road conditions.

All-season trailer axle tyre for variable road conditions. Rib type tread pattern design and multi 3 dimensional sipes ensure low rolling
Provides excellent traction and water drainage under various road conditions. resistance and excellent driving performance.
• Wide tread with 4 zigzag grooves enables high mileage and excellent driving
performance in variable conditions.

TECHNICAL MANUAL 24 • 25
PRODUCT INFORMATION

Segment H REGIONAL HAUL Segment M ON and OFF-ROAD

M+ S M+ S

Regional haul trailer tyre with enhanced Regional drive position tyre for exceptional
driving performance. traction and mileage performance.

M+ S
All-position tyre for regional haul with extra All-position tyre for regional haul application
long mileage. with high mileage.
All-position tyre for mild on and off-road conditions.
Improves traction and braking performance by expanding the point of intersection
through 3 zigzag grooves and an optimised unique kerf design without chipping or
cutting.
M+ S M+ S

M+ S
Drive axle tyre with superior grip and Drive axle tyre for regional haul application
outstanding traction. with excellent traction performance.
Drive axle tyre for mild on and off-road conditions.
The directional pattern is adopted for excellent handling meaning better traction
performance is provided even in wet and muddy conditions.

M+ S

Trailer axle tyre for mild on and off-road conditions.

Improves traction and braking performance by expanding the point of intersection
through 3 zigzag grooves and an optimised unique kerf design without chipping or
cutting.

TECHNICAL MANUAL 26 • 27
PRODUCT INFORMATION

Segment M ON and OFF-ROAD The on and off-road tyre shows distinguished traction on an unpaved road,
it boasts high performance and resists cutting and chipping.

M+ S M+ S

Wide based single tyre for mixed operation with high mileage. Trailer tyre for on and off-road usage.
All-wheel-position wide base tyre designed to deliver high mileage and traction in Trailer tyre designed for demanding on and off-road conditions.
mixed operations. The tyre has outstanding casing durability and retreadability due • Remarkable groove width for enhanced traction performance.
to its low heating tread compound application. Thick shoulders help to provide added • Stone ejector rib in the middle of the grooves prevents stone drilling.
sidewall protection and minimise casing damage from impacts. Square shoulder • Adoption of linear grooves for maximum stability and performance with
shape and ideal contact pressure / contact shape also help prevent irregular wear: excellent water dispersal.
• Realisation of improved durability through the open shouldered structure and
increased inner volume of tyres.
• Improved tyre durability by applying a compounding technology for tread rubber.
• Optimum hydroplaning and traction performance supported under various
road conditions.
M+ S

M+ S
All position for on and off-road operations. Structural design for on and off-road conditions
featuring excellent traction and durability.
All-position tyre for mixed usage and enhanced on/off-road
performance.
• Polygonal blocks and zigzag grooves for excellent traction and braking
performance.
• Wide shoulder design for improved handling performance.
M+ S
• Stone ejector for reduced stone drilling.
• Closed shoulder design with lugs for driving stability and an even wear

Drive axle tyre for off-road conditions with Drive axle tyre for off road conditions.
excellent traction and durability.
M+ S

Designed for mixed usage and enhanced on/off performance.

The directional pattern is adopted for excellent handling. The best traction
performance is provided even in wet and muddy conditions :
• The first directional type tyre for on and off-road application.
• Improved performance for on and off-road.
• Increased resistance to cuts and chips on the tread and sidewalls.
• Adopted new technology of less stone retention.
• Best durability realised through an optimised casing design.

TECHNICAL MANUAL 28 • 29
PRODUCT INFORMATION

Segment W WINTER Segment U URBAN BUS

The winter tyre gives road hugging traction on snowy and icy roads to provide secure control. Its The urban tyre is primarily used for driving through city streets. With greater wear resistance, the
braking performance is unbeatable due to its excellent grip and traction. It delivers precise urban tyre has a long life and is designed to show great braking and driving performance.
handling and prevents skidding on slippery roads.

*
M+ S * partly PMSF
M+ S M+ S

All-position tyre for urban service with extra long mileage.

Optimised design technology for urban operations involving frequent stop
All-position winter tyre for severe weather Drive tyre for maximum grip on snowy and and go driving. Uneven wear is minimised by optimised kerf arrangement:
conditions. icy conditions. • Expanded shoulder width and adoption of pitch allocation increase
stiffness on shoulder area.
• Zigzag 5 groove design supports excellent water abrasion. • Drive axle tyre for severe winter conditions. • Horizontal kerfs are inserted at the tread rib. These kerfs offer equilibrium
• 3D kerfs provide even wear and a high mileage • Large amount of multi 3D kerfs with jaggy edge in the centre of the tyre and shoulder block stiffness.
as well as superb traction on snowy and icy design for excellent grip and traction on snow.
roads. • Pentagon block design and special new tread
• Tie bars ensure a high block stiffness and a compound for high mileage.
reliable handling performance. M+ S
• Unique semi-open shoulder design.

All-position tyre for urban transport.

Optimised design technology for urban operations involving frequent stop
M+ S and go driving:
M+ S • Special pattern design for economic benefit of reduced downtime and
easy fitting performance

Wide-based single tyre for mixed operation Winter tyre for severe snow conditions.
with high mileage. 4 groove zigzag design provides excellent traction
• Zigzag and 5 groove pattern provide excellent on snow and ice. Wide shoulder rib provides
traction on snow and ice. excellent wet grip performance and high mileage.
• 3D kerfs provide reliable traction and even wear.

TECHNICAL MANUAL 30 • 31
PRODUCT INFORMATION

Technical table legend

VALUE AND QUALITY TO CUSTOMERS! S

(S) SECTION WIDTH (mm) H

The linear distance between the outsides of the sidewalls of an inflated tyre excluding
elevations due to labeling (marking), decorations, protective bands or ribs.

(H) SECTION HEIGHT (mm)

Half the difference between the overall diameter and the nominal rim diameter.

(OD) OVERALL DIAMETER (mm) OD

The diameter of an inflated tyre at the outermost surface of the tread.

(RST) STATIC LOADED RADIUS (mm) Rst

The distance between the wheel centre and road surface referring to a tyre inflated and loaded
at the values shown in the table under static conditions.

(RC) ROLLING CIRCUMFERENCE (mm)

The distance covered in one complete revolution of the tyre under load and pressure conditions D
indicated in the tables.
The values in the tables are approximate and may vary in practice, including a possible growth in service.
(D) MINIMUM DUAL SPACING FOR TWIN FITMENTS (mm) They do not, however, exceed the following limits :
Dual spacing is the distance between the centre lines of the twin tyres.

The “ D min” values refer to tyres without chains and may also be applied in the case of the CONVERSION FACTORS
fitment of chains for twin tyres. If chains are fitted on one tyre only, the "D min" values must be TO CONVERT FROM INTO MULTIPLY BY
increased so that the sidewalls of the tyre under load do not trap the chain and become mm inch 0.03937
damaged. inch mm 25.4
kg lbs. 2.2046
lbs. kg 0.4536
bar kg/cm2 1.01972
kg/cm2 bar 0.98066
bar lbs./sq. inch (psi) 14.5033
lbs./sq. inch (psi) bar 0.06895
bar kPa 100
lbs./sq. inch (psi) kPa 6.895
km/h m.p.h 0.62137
m.p.h km/h 1.60935

TECHNICAL MANUAL 32 • 33
PRODUCT INFORMATION

Technical data of all tyres

TUBE TYPE

Tyre Labelling Class Rim Tyre Dimensions Tyre Dimensions Load capacity (kg) per axle at tyre pressure (bar/psi)

Max. Standard
Actual Value
Distance Value in service Speed
Tyre Size between Load Tyre symbol
Tread Load Index & TT/ Width Outer Width Overall Static Rolling
Rim width rim Index fitment 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 (km/h)
Pattern Speed Symbol TL diameter diameter radius circumference
centres (LI) (S,D)
(S) (OD) (S) (OD) (Rst) (Rc)
(D)
(65) (73) (80) (87) (94) (102) (109) (116) (123) (131)
+1% ±1% ±1.5% ±2%

10.00R20 AH11 147/143L TT C C W1 67 7.50 316 286 1074 283 1055 495 3238 147 S 4220 4555 4885 5205 5525 5840 6150 L=120
DH05 147/143L TT D C W2 75 143 D 7480 8075 8655 9230 9795 10350 10900
11.00R20 AH11 150/146L TT C C W1 67 8.00 329 297 1104 298 1084 504 3300 150 S 4380 4725 5070 5405 5735 6060 6380 6700 L=120
DH05 150/146L TT D C W2 75 146 D 7845 8470 9080 9680 10270 10855 11430 12000 K=110
12.00R20 AM06 154/150K (156/150G) TT D C W2 72 8.50 360 319 1146 314 1124 522 3430 156 S 5230 5645 6050 6450 6845 7235 7620 8000 K=110
DM09 154/150K TT E C W2 75 154 S 4905 5290 5675 6050 6420 6785 7140 7500 G=90
DM04 154/150G TT 150 D 8760 9455 10140 10810 11470 12120 12765 13400
8R17.5 AH11 117/116L TL D C W1 67 6.00 234 216 797 200 784 369 2395 117 S 2040 2220 2395 2570 L=120
DH05 117/116L TL D C W2 75 116 D 3970 4320 4660 5000
8.5R17.5 AH35 131/129L TL D C W1 67 6.00 242 224 817 210 802 374 2450 121 S 2160 2350 2535 2720 2900 L=120
DH35 121/120L TL D C W1 70 120 D 4170 4535 4895 5250 5600
9.5R17.5 AH35 131/129L TL D C W1 67 6.75 270 250 857 235 842 390 2570 143 S 3490 3760 4040 4300 4560 4820 5080 5205 5450 L=120
DH05 131/129L TL E C W2 75 131 S 2460 2675 2885 3095 3300 3500 3700 3900 J=100
DH35 131/129L TL D C W1 70 127 D 4650 5060 5460 5855 6240 6620 7000
TH22 143/141J TL D B W1 70 129 S 2455 2675 2885 3095 3295 3500 3700
129 D 4535 4933 5324 5708 6086 6457 6824
141 D 6590 7110 7620 8130 8620 9110 9590 9835 10300
129 D 4535 4933 5324 5708 6086 6457 6824 7185 7400
127 D 4650 5060 5460 5855 6240 6620 7000
8R19.5 AH35 124/122L TL D C W1 67 6.00 234 203 859 200 854 404 3006 124 S 2127 2314 2497 2677 2854 3028 3200 L=120
122 D 3987 4338 4682 5019 5351 5678 6000
10R22.5 AH11 141/139M TL C C W1 67 7.50 286 264 1038 258 1020 480 3090 142 D 6685 7275 7850 8420 8975 9525 10065 10600 M=130
AM09 144/142K TL C B W1 70 144 S 3530 3840 4145 4445 4740 5030 5315 5600 K=110
AH33 141/139M TL C C W1 70 141 S 3095 3365 3635 3895 4155 4405 4655 4905 5150 L=120
139 D 5840 6355 6860 7355 7840 8320 8790 9555 9720
11R22.5 AL10 148/145M TL C B W1 66 8.25 314 290 1070 282 1053 493 3225 148 S 3785 4120 4445 4765 5080 5390 5695 6000 6300 K=110
DL02 148/145M TL D C W2 74 146 D 8040 8680 9310 9920 10530 11120 11710 12000
AH22 148/145L TL C B W1 70 145 D 6970 7585 8185 8775 9355 9930 10490 11050 11600
DH03 148/145M TL D C W2 75
11R22.5 DH05 148/145L TL D C W2 75 8.25 314 290 1070 282 1053 493 3225
AM09 148/145K TL D B W1 67 G=90
DM04 148/145G TL J=100

TECHNICAL MANUAL 34 • 35
PRODUCT INFORMATION

TUBELESS CONVENTIONAL

Tyre Labelling Class Rim Tyre Dimensions Tyre Dimensions Load capacity (kg) per axle at tyre pressure (bar/psi)

Max. Standard
Actual Value
Distance Value in service Speed
Tyre Size between Load Tyre symbol
Tread Load Index & TT/ Width Outer Width Overall Static Rolling
Rim width rim Index fitment 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 (km/h)
Pattern Speed Symbol TL diameter diameter radius circumference
centres (LI) (S,D)
(S) (OD) (S) (OD) (Rst) (Rc)
(D)
(65) (73) (80) (87) (94) (102) (109) (116) (123) (131)
+1% ±1% ±1.5% ±2%

11R22.5 DM09 148/145K TL E C W1 70 L=120

DM09 148/145K TL E C W1 70 282 1046 493 3105 148 S 3785 4120 4445 4765 5080 5390 5695 6000 6300 L=120
AU03 148/145J TL C B W1 71 145 D 6970 7585 8185 8775 9355 9930 10490 11050 11600
TH22 148/146L TL C B W2 70 282 1063 493 3220 148 S 3785 4120 4445 4765 5080 5390 5695 6000 6300
AH33 148/145L TL C B W1 70 145 D 6970 7585 8185 8775 9355 9930 10490 11050 11600
TH31 148/145L TL C C W1 70
AU04 148/145J TL D B W1 70
12R22.5 AL10 152/148L TL C C W1 68 9.00 338 312 1104 298 1085 504 3307 152 S 4265 4640 5010 5370 5725 6075 6420 6760 7100 L=120
DL02 152/148L TL D C W2 74 149 D 7815 8500 9175 9835 10485 11125 11760 12380 13000 K=110
AH22 152/148L TL C C W1 70 148 D 7575 8240 8890 9535 10165 10785 11395 12000 12600
DH05 152/148L TL D C W2 75
DH16 152/148L TL D C W2 71
DH05 152/148L TL D C W2 75
DH16 152/148L TL D C W2 71
AM09 152/149K TL D B W1 69
DM04 152/148K TL
DM09 152/148K TL E B W1 70
DW07 152/148L TL D C W1 72
AH33 152/148L TL C C W1 70
DH33+ 152/149L TL E C W1 70
AH31 152/149L TL C B W1 71
13R22.5 AH11 156/150L TL C C W1 67 9.75 360 326 1146 320 1120 520 3405 156 S 4590 4995 5390 5780 6165 6540 6910 7280 7640 8000 L=120
AM09 156/150K TL D C W1 70 154 S 4505 4905 5290 5675 6050 6420 6785 7140 7500 K=110
DM09 156/150K TL D C W2 75 150 D 8055 8760 9455 10140 10810 11470 12120 12765 13400 G=90
DM04 154/150G TL
AH33 156/150L TL C C W1 70 9.75 360 326 1146
205/65R17.5 TH22 129/127K (132/132F) TL C C W1 70 6.00 240 213 721 206 717 334 2132 129 S 2310 2495 2675 2850 3025 3195 3365 3530 3700 K=110
132 S 2495 2695 2890 3080 3270 3455 3640 3820 4000 F=80
127 D 4370 4720 5060 5395 5725 6045 6370 6685 7000
132 D 4995 5390 5780 6165 6540 6910 7280 7640 8000
205/75R17.5 AH35 124/122M TL C C W1 65 6.00 231 213 765 203 761 359 2325 124 S 2125 2310 2495 2675 2850 3025 3200 M=130
DH35 124/122M TL D C W1 66 122 D 3985 4335 4680 5015 5350 5675 6000
215/75R17.5 AH35 126/124M TL D C W1 65 6.00 239 220 779 209 775 363 2360 135 S 2850 3075 3295 3515 3730 3940 4150 4360 M=130
AH35 128/126M TL D C W1 65 126 S 2385 2595 2800 3005 3200 3400 J=100
DH35 126/124M TL D C W1 66 214 774.2 360 2363 128 S 2390 2600 2805 3010 3210 3405 3600 M=130
TH22 135/133J TL D B W1 70 126 D 4515 4915 5305 5685 6060 6430 6800 J=100

TECHNICAL MANUAL 36 • 37
PRODUCT INFORMATION

TUBELESS CONVENTIONAL

Tyre Labelling Class Rim Tyre Dimensions Tyre Dimensions Load capacity (kg) per axle at tyre pressure (bar/psi)

Max. Standard
Actual Value
Distance Value in service Speed
Tyre Size between Load Tyre symbol
Tread Load Index & TT/ Width Outer Width Overall Static Rolling
Rim width rim Index fitment 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 (km/h)
Pattern Speed Symbol TL diameter diameter radius circumference
centres (LI) (S,D)
(S) (OD) (S) (OD) (Rst) (Rc)
(D)
(65) (73) (80) (87) (94) (102) (109) (116) (123) (131)
+1% ±1% ±1.5% ±2%

TL10+ 135/133J TL C B W1 69 133 D 5385 5815 6235 6645 7050 7450 7845 8240
124 D 4490 4885 5275 5655 6030 6400
225/75R17.5 AH35 129/127M TL C C W1 67 6.75 254 235 797 228 790 371 2420 129 S 2455 2675 2885 3095 3295 3500 3700 M=130
DH35 129/127M TL D C W1 70 127 D 4650 5060 5460 5855 6240 6620 7000
235/75R17.5 AH35 132/130M TL C C W1 69 6.75 262 242 811 238 806 373 2445 143 S 3405 3675 3940 4200 4455 4710 4955 5205 5450 M=130
DH35 132/130M TL D C W1 73 132 S 2520 2745 2960 3175 3385 3590 3795 4000 J=100
TH22 143/141J TL C B W1 70 141 D 6435 6945 7445 7935 8420 8900 9370 9835 10300
TL10+ 143/141J TL B B W1 69 130 D 4795 5215 5630 6035 6435 6825 7215 7600
245/70R17.5 AH35 136/134M TL C C W1 69 7.50 279 258 803 250 796 369 2461 143 S 3405 3675 3940 4200 4455 4710 4955 5205 5450 M=130
DH35 136/134M TL D C W1 73 136 S 2690 2930 3160 3390 3610 3835 4050 4265 4480 J=100
TH22 143/141J TL C B W1 70 141 D 6435 6945 7445 7935 8420 8900 9370 9835 10300 F=80
TL10+ 143/141J TL B B W1 69 134 D 5095 5545 5985 6415 6840 7260 7670 8075 8480
245/70R19.5 AH35 136/134M TL C C W1 67 7.50 279 258 853 244 844 391 2580 S 3095 3365 3635 3895 4155 4405 4655 4905 5150 M=130
DH35 136/134M TL D C W1 73 S 2760 3000 3240 3470 3700 3930 4150 4370 4590 J=100
TH22 141/140J TL C B W1 67 136 S 2690 2930 3160 3390 3610 3835 4050 4265 4480
AU03 136/134M TL D C W1 71 140 D 6010 6540 7055 7565 8065 8560 9045 9525 10000
134 D 5095 5545 5985 6415 6840 7260 7670 8075 8480
255/70R22.5 AL10 140/137M TL C B W1 70 7.50 287 265 944 250 929 437 2476 140 S 3155 3430 3700 3970 4230 4490 4745 5000 M=130
137 D 5805 6315 6815 7305 7790 8265 8735 9200
265/70R17.5 AH35 140/136M TL C C W1 65 7.50 295 272 831 262 817 376 2492 140 S 3530 3810 4080 4350 4610 4880 5000 M=130
DH35 140/138M TL D B W1 73 136 D 6160 6640 7120 7590 8060 8510 8960
265/70R19.5 AH35 140/138M TL D B W1 73 7.50 295 272 881 260 870 400 2675 143 S 3560 3845 4120 4395 4665 4930 5190 5450 M=130
DH35 143/141J TL D B W2 74 7.50 295 272 881 140 S 3155 3430 3700 3970 4230 4490 4745 5000 J=100
AM15 143/141J TL C B W1 70 7.50 295 272 881 260 870 400 2675 141 D 6735 7270 7795 8310 8815 9315 9810 10300
TH22 143/141J TL B B W1 69 138 D 5955 6480 6995 7495 7995 8480 8960 9440
TL10+ 140/138M TL D C W1 71
275/80R22.5 AH22 149/146L TL C C W1 70 8.25 311 287 1038 283 1027 479 3154 149 S 3905 4250 4585 4915 5240 5560 5880 6190 6500 J=100
AU03 149/146J TL D C W1 72 8.25 311 287 1038 283 1027 479 3154 146 D 7210 7845 8470 9080 9680 10270 10855 11430 12000
275/70R22.5 AL10 148/145M TL C C W1 70 8.25 311 287 974 279 962 447 2959 152 S 4075 4435 4785 5130 5470 5805 6135 6460 6780 7100 M=130
DL10 148/145M TL D C W2 75 150 S 3845 4185 4515 4840 5160 5475 5790 6095 6400 6700 K=110
TL10 152/148J TL C B W1 69 148 S 3940 4250 4560 4860 5160 5450 5740 6020 6300 J=100
AH31 148/145M TL C C W1 69 277 962 440 2954 148 S 3615 3935 4245 4550 4855 5150 5440 5730 6015 6300 M=130
DH31 148/145M TL D C W2 75 145 D 6660 7245 7820 8385 8940 9485 10025 10555 11080 11600
TH31 152/148J TL C C W1 69
AM15 148/145K TL D B W2 74
AW02 150/145J TL D C W1 70

TECHNICAL MANUAL 38 • 39
PRODUCT INFORMATION

TUBELESS LOW SECTION

Tyre Labelling Class Rim Tyre Dimensions Tyre Dimensions Load capacity (kg) per axle at tyre pressure (bar/psi)

Max. Standard
Actual Value
Distance Value in service Speed
Tyre Size between Load Tyre symbol
Tread Load Index & TT/ Width Outer Width Overall Static Rolling
Rim width rim Index fitment 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 (km/h)
Pattern Speed Symbol TL diameter diameter radius circumference
centres (LI) (S,D)
(S) (OD) (S) (OD) (Rst) (Rc)
(D)
(65) (73) (80) (87) (94) (102) (109) (116) (123) (131)
+1% ±1% ±1.5% ±2%

DW07 148/145J TL D C W1 72
AU03+ 150/145J (154/148E) TL D C W1 71
AU04+ 150/145J (152/149F) TL D B W1 67
285/70R19.5 AH35 146/144M TL C B W1 67 8.25 318 294 911 280 895 415 2745 150 S 4185 4515 4840 5160 5475 5790 6095 6400 6700 M=130
DH35 146/144M TL D B W1 70 146 S 3750 4050 4340 4630 4910 5190 5470 5740 6000 J=100
TH22 150/148J TL C B W1 70 148 D 7870 8495 9105 9710 10305 10885 11465 12035 12600
144 D 7000 7560 8100 8640 9170 9680 10200 10700 11200
295/55R22.5 DL10+ 147/145K TL C C W1 73 9.00 329 304 908 292 896 420 2733 147 S 3850 4150 4450 4750 5030 5320 5600 5880 6150 K=110
145 D 7250 7830 8390 8950 9490 10030 10560 11090 11600
295/60R22.5 AL10+ 150/147L TL C B W1 70 9.00 329 304 940 288 919 426 2835 150 S 3845 4185 4515 4840 5160 5475 5790 6095 6400 6700 L=120
DL10+ 150/147L TL C C W1 73 149 S 3730 4060 4380 4695 5010 5315 5615 5915 6205 6500 K=110
DH31 150/147K TL D C W2 75 147 D 7060 7685 8290 8890 9480 10055 10630 11190 11750 12300
146 D 6890 7495 8090 8675 9245 9810 10370 10920 11460 12000
295/80R22.5 AL10 152/148M (154/149L) TL C C W1 70 9.00 335 310 1062 305 1051 490 3226 154 S 4505 4905 5290 5675 6050 6420 6785 7140 7500 M=130
DL10 152/148M TL C C W2 75 152 S 4265 4640 5010 5370 5725 6075 6420 6760 7100 L=120
AL22 154M TL C B W1 71 149 D 7815 8500 9175 9835 10485 11125 11760 12380 13000 K=110
DL22 154/149M TL C C W1 70 148 D 7575 8240 8890 9535 10165 10785 11395 12000 12600 J=100
AH31 154/149M TL C B W1 73 306 1056 490 3220 152 S 4265 4640 5010 5370 5725 6075 6420 6760 7100 J=100
AH31 152/148M (154/149L) TL C B W1 73 148 D 7575 8240 8890 9535 10165 10785 11395 12000 12600
DH03 152/148M TL D C W2 75
DH05 152/148M TL E C W2 75
DH31 152/148M TL D C W2 75
AM09 152/148K(154/150J) TL C B W1 70
DM09 152/148K TL E B W1 70
295/80R22.5 AW02 154/149M TL D C W1 70 9.00 335 310 1062 306 1056 490 3220
DW06 152/148L TL D C W2 76
DW07 152/148L TL D C W1 69
AU03 152/148J TL C C W1 71
AU04 152/148J TL D B W1 67
305/70R19.5 AH35 148/145M TL C C W1 71 9.00 343 317 941 304 920 423 2820 148 S 3785 4120 4445 4765 5080 5390 5695 6000 6300 M=130
DH35 148/145M TL D B W1 73 145 D 6970 7585 8185 8775 9355 9930 10490 11050 11600
305/70R22.5 AL10 152/148L TL C C W1 70 9.00 343 317 1018 304 1000 465 3030 152 S 4075 4435 4785 5130 5470 5805 6135 6460 6780 7100 M=130
150 S 4025 4380 4725 5070 5405 5735 6060 6380 6700 L=120
148 D 7575 8240 8890 9535 10165 10785 11395 12000 12600
315/45R22.5 * DL10+ 147/145L TL D C W2 75 9.75 345 319 868 307 856 405 2594 147 S 4740 5025 5315 5590 5875 6150 L=120
145 D 8940 9485 10025 10555 11080 1160

TECHNICAL MANUAL 40 • 41
PRODUCT INFORMATION

TUBELESS LOW SECTION

Tyre Labelling Class Rim Tyre Dimensions Tyre Dimensions Load capacity (kg) per axle at tyre pressure (bar/psi)

Max. Standard
Actual Value
Distance Value in service Speed
Tyre Size between Load Tyre symbol
Tread Load Index & TT/ Width Outer Width Overall Static Rolling
Rim width rim Index fitment 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 (km/h)
Pattern Speed Symbol TL diameter diameter radius circumference
centres (LI) (S,D)
(S) (OD) (S) (OD) (Rst) (Rc)
(D)
(65) (73) (80) (87) (94) (102) (109) (116) (123) (131)
+1% ±1% ±1.5% ±2%

315/45R22.5 W2 74 300 856 400 2640 147 S 4740 5025 5315 5590 5875 6150 L=120
145 D 8940 9485 10025 10555 11080 11600
315/60R22.5 AL10+ 154/148L TL C B W1 70 9.75 352 326 966 320 952 442 2940 154 S 4305 4685 5055 5420 5780 6130 6480 6825 7160 7500 L=120
DL10+ 152/148L TL C C W2 75 152 S 4075 4435 4785 5130 5470 5805 6135 6460 6780 7100
AH31 154/148L TL C B W1 70 148 D 7235 7870 8495 9105 9710 10305 10885 11465 12035 12600
DH31 152/148L TL D C W2 75 152 S 4075 4435 4785 5130 5470 5805 6135 6460 6780 7100 L=120
148 D 7235 7870 8495 9105 9710 10305 10885 11465 12035 12600
AU04+ 154/148J TL C B W1 73 J=100
315/70R22.5 AL10+ 156/150L TL B B W1 70 9.00 351 318 1032 314 1012 468 3120 156 S 4590 4995 5390 5780 6165 6540 6910 7280 7640 8000 M=130
DL10+ 154/150L TL C C W1 73 154 S 4305 4685 5055 5420 5780 6130 6480 6825 7160 7500 L=120
DL20 154/150L TL A C W1 72 152 S 4265 4640 5010 5370 5725 6075 6420 6760 7100
DL22w 154/150L TL B C W1 70 150 D 7695 8370 9035 9685 10325 10955 11580 12195 12800 13400
AH31 156/150L TL C B W1 73 148 D 7575 8240 8890 9535 10165 10785 11785 12000 12600
DH05 154/150L TL E B W2 75
DH31 154/150L TL D C W2 75
DW06 154/150L TL D C W2 76
AW02 154/150L TL D C W1 70
DW07 154/150L TL D C W1 71
315/80R22.5 AL10+ 156/150L (154/150M) TL B B W1 70 9.00 351 318 1106 320 1075 500 3299 156 S 4805 5230 5645 6050 6450 6845 7235 7620 8000 L=120
AL22 156/150L TL C B W1 71 154 S 4505 4905 5290 5675 6050 6420 6785 7140 7500 K=110
DL20w 156/150L (154/150M) TL C C W2 75 150 D 8055 8760 9455 10140 10810 11470 12120 12765 13400
315/80R22.5 DL22w 156/150L TL B C W1 70 9.00 351 318 1106 320 1075 500 3300 156 S 4805 5230 5645 6050 6450 6845 7235 7620 8000 L=120
150 D 8055 8760 9455 10140 10810 11470 12120 12765 13400
AH31 156/150L (154/150M) TL C B W1 73
DH05 154/150M (156L) TL E B W2 75
DH31 156/150L (154/150M) TL D C W2 72
AM09 156/150K TL D B W1 67
DM09 156/150K TL D C W1 70
DM04 156/150K (156L) TL
DW06 156/150L TL D C W2 76
AW02 156/150L TL D C W1 70
DW07 156/150L TL D C W1 72
AM11 156/150K TL C B W1 72
DM11 156/150K TL C B W1 74
325/95R24 DM06 162/160K TL D C W2 73 9.00 374 332 1264 320 1232 570 3776 162 S 5710 6210 6705 7185 7665 8130 8590 9050 9500 K=110
160 D 10820 11770 12705 13620 14520 15410 16280 17145 18000

TECHNICAL MANUAL 42 • 43
PRODUCT INFORMATION

TUBELESS LOW SECTION

Tyre Labelling Class Rim Tyre Dimensions Tyre Dimensions Load capacity (kg) per axle at tyre pressure (bar/psi)

Max. Standard
Actual Value
Distance Value in service Speed
Tyre Size between Load Tyre symbol
Tread Load Index & TT/ Width Outer Width Overall Static Rolling
Rim width rim Index fitment 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 (km/h)
Pattern Speed Symbol TL diameter diameter radius circumference
centres (LI) (S,D)
(S) (OD) (S) (OD) (Rst) (Rc)
(D)
(65) (73) (80) (87) (94) (102) (109) (116) (123) (131)
+1% ±1% ±1.5% ±2%

DM07 162/160G TL 9.00 374 332 1266 322 1242 570 3776 162 S 5710 6210 6705 7185 7665 8130 8590 9050 9500 G=90
160 D 10820 11770 12705 13620 14520 15410 16280 17145 18000
355/50R22.5 AL10+ 156L TL B B W2 76 11.75 - 375 942 355 935 432 2887 156 S 4590 4995 5390 5780 6165 6540 6910 7280 7640 8000 L=120
AH31 156L TL B B W1 69
385/55R22.5 AL20 160K TL A C W1 72 11.75 - 396 1012 381 996 463 3093 160 S 5165 5620 6065 6505 6935 7360 7775 8190 8595 9000 L=120
TL20 160K TL A B W1 66 386 158 S 5110 5555 6000 6430 6855 7275 7690 8095 8500 K=110
AH31 160K (158L) TL C B W1 69 383 1000 460 3095 J=100
TH22 160K (158L) TL W B W1 71
AW02 160K TL C C W1 70
TW01 160K TL C C W1 69
TH31 160K (158L) TL B C W2 73
385/65R22.5 AH31 164K TL C B W1 69 11.75 - 405 1092 382 1082 502 3330 164 S 5740 6245 6740 7225 7705 8175 8640 9100 9550 10000 L=120
160K TL C B W1 69 160 S 5165 5620 6065 6505 6935 7360 7775 8190 8595 9000 K=110
AL10+ 160K(158L) TL B B W1 70 158 S 5110 5555 6000 6430 6855 7275 7690 8095 8500 J=100
TL10+ 160K (158L) TL B B W1 69
TH31 160K TL B B W1 69
TL20 160K TL A C W1 66
AM15+ 158L TL C C W2 74
385/65R22.5 TM15 160K TL D C W1 69 11.75 - 405 1092 382 1082 502 3330
AW02 160K(158L) TL C C W1 70
TW01 160K(158L) TL B C W1 69
TM11 160K(158L) TL C B W2 73
AW02+ 160K (158L) TL C C W1 70
425/65R22.5 TH22 165K TL C B W1 67 13.00 - 447 1146 423 1124 520 3400 165 S 6190 6735 7270 7795 8310 8815 9315 9810 10300 K=110
AM15 165K TL C C W2 75 412 1131 520 3400 165 S 6190 6735 7270 7795 8310 8815 9315 9810 10300 K=110
TH31 165K TL C B W2 73 12.25 - 439 1146
435/50R19.5 TL10+ 160J TL B B W2 73 14.00 - 456 949 440 931 422 2840 160 S 5165 5620 6065 6505 6935 7360 7775 8190 8595 9000 J=100
TH31 160J TL B B W2 435 924 420 2840 160 S 5165 5620 6065 6505 6935 7360 7775 8190 8595 9000 J=100
TL20 160J TL A C W1 70
445/65R22.5 AM15 169K TL C C W2 67 13.00 - 472 1174 454 1162 535 3485 169 S 6660 7245 7820 8385 8940 9485 10025 10555 11080 11600 K=110
TL10 169K TL C B W2 73
445/45R19.5 TL10 160J TL B B W2 73 14.00 - 454 911 434 905 416 2712 160 S 5165 5620 6065 6505 6935 7360 7775 8190 8595 9000 J=100
TW01 160J TL C C W2 75 14.00 - 464 911 448 905 415 2802 160 S 5165 5620 6065 6505 6935 7360 7775 8190 8595 9000 J=100
TL20 160K TL A C W1 70 15.00 - 464 911 445 900 410 2720 160 S 5165 5620 6065 6505 6935 7360 7775 8190 8595 9000 K=110
455/40R22.5 TL10+ 160J TL B B W2 71 15.00 - 471 950 453 936 439 2850 160 S 5630 6070 6510 6940 7370 7780 8200 8600 9000 J=100
295/60R22.5 AL20W 150/147L TL B C W1 70 9.0 329 304 940 288 919 423 2820 150 S 3845 4185 4515 4840 5160 5475 5790 6095 6400 6700 L=120

TECHNICAL MANUAL 44 • 45
PRODUCT INFORMATION

TUBELESS LOW SECTION

Tyre Labelling Class Rim Tyre Dimensions Tyre Dimensions Load capacity (kg) per axle at tyre pressure (bar/psi)

Max. Standard
Actual Value
Distance Value in service Speed
Tyre Size between Load Tyre symbol
Tread Load Index & TT/ Width Outer Width Overall Static Rolling
Rim width rim Index fitment 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 (km/h)
Pattern Speed Symbol TL diameter diameter radius circumference
centres (LI) (S,D)
(S) (OD) (S) (OD) (Rst) (Rc)
(D)
(65) (73) (80) (87) (94) (102) (109) (116) (123) (131)
+1% ±1% ±1.5% ±2%

295/60R22.5 147 D 7060 7685 8290 8890 9480 10055 10630 11190 11750 12300

315/60R22.5 AL20W 154/148L TL B C W1 70 9.75 352 326 966 318 944 436 2910 154 S 4305 4685 5055 5420 5780 6130 6480 6825 7160 7500 L=120

148 D 7235 7870 8495 9105 9710 10305 10885 11465 12035 12600 K=110

315/70R22.5 AL20W 156/150L TL B C W1 68 9.0 351 318 1032 314 1005 463 3095 156 S 4590 4995 5390 5780 6165 6540 6910 7280 7640 8000 L=120

150 D 7695 8370 9035 9685 10325 10955 11580 12195 12800 13400 J=100
355/50R22.5 AL20W 156L TL B C W1 72 11.75 - 375 942 356 928 429 2865 156 S 4590 4995 5390 5780 6165 6540 6910 7280 7640 8000 L=120
295/60R22.5 DL20W 150/147L TL B C W1 72 9.0 329 304 940 292 917 432 2820 150 S 3845 4185 4515 4840 5160 5475 5790 6095 6400 6700 L=120
147 D 7060 7685 8290 8890 9480 10055 10630 11190 11750 12300
315/60R22.5 DL20W 152/148L TL B C W1 72 9.75 352 326 966 324 950 446 2927 152 S 4075 4435 4785 5130 5470 5805 6135 6460 6780 7100 L=120
148 D 7235 7870 8495 9105 9710 10305 10885 11465 12035 12600
385/55R19.5 TH31 156J TL B B W1 70 12.25 - 401 935 380 924 424 2850 156 S 4590 4995 5390 5780 6165 6540 6910 7280 7640 8000 J=100
445/45R19.5 TH31 160J TL B B W1 69 15.0 - 464 911 444 904 421 2800 160 S 5165 5620 6065 6505 6935 7360 7775 8190 8595 9000 J=100
455/45R22.5 TH31 160J TL C B W1 69 15.0 - 471 998 458 984 412 3058 160 S 5165 5620 6065 6505 6935 7360 7775 8190 8595 9000 J=100
445/65R22.5 TH31 169K TL B B W1 69 13.0 - 462 1174 446 1155 530 3566 169 S 6660 7245 7820 8385 8940 9485 10025 10555 11080 11600 K=110

455/40R22.5 TH31 160J TL B B W2 73 15.0 - 471 950 442 932 438 2884 160 S 5165 5620 6065 6505 6935 7360 7775 8190 8595 9000 J=100

295/60R22.5 TH31 150/147K (152J) TL C C W1 70 9.0 329 304 940 292 918 433 2835 150 S 3845 4185 4515 4840 5160 5475 5790 6095 6400 6700 K=110
152 S 4075 4435 4785 5130 5470 5805 6135 6460 6780 7100 J=100
147 D 7060 7685 8290 8890 9480 10055 10630 11190 11750 12300
295/80R22.5 DH16 152/148M TL D B W1 70 9.0 335 310 1062 306 1067 497 3268 152 S 4265 4640 5010 5370 5725 6075 6420 6760 7100 M=130
148 D 7575 8240 8890 9535 10165 10785 11395 12000 12600
13R22.5 AM11 156/150K TL C B W1 71 9.75 360 326 1146 323 1118 520 3429 156 S 4590 4995 5390 5780 6165 6540 6910 7280 7640 8000 K=110
150 D 8055 8760 9455 10140 10810 11470 12120 12765 13400
13R22.5 DM11 156/150K TL C B W1 73 9.75 360 326 1146 324 1124 523 3416 156 S 4590 4995 5390 5780 6165 6540 6910 7280 7640 8000 K=110
150 D 8055 8760 9455 10140 10810 11470 12120 12765 13400
295/80R22.5 DM11 154/150L TL D C W1 73 9.0 335 310 1062 306 1065 496 3242 154 S 4505 4905 5290 5675 6050 6420 6785 7140 7500 L=120
150 D 8055 8760 9455 10140 10810 11470 12120 12765 13400
315/70R22.5 DM11 154/150L TL D B W1 73 9.0 351 318 1032 314 1022 474 3120 154 S 4305 4685 5055 5420 5780 6130 6480 6825 7160 7500 L=120
150 D 7695 8370 9035 9685 10325 10955 11580 12195 12800 13400
325/95R24 AM09 162/160K TL D C W1 69 9.0 374 332 1264 313 1228 567 3780 162 S 5710 6210 6705 7185 7665 8130 8590 9050 9500 K=110
160 D 10820 11770 12705 13620 14520 15410 16280 17145 18000
275/80R22.5 AU04 149/146J TL D C W2 71 8.25 311 287 1038 283 1025 475 3143 149 S 3905 4250 4585 4915 5240 5560 5880 6190 6500 J=100
146 D 7210 7845 8470 9080 9680 10270 10855 11430 12000

TECHNICAL MANUAL 46 • 47
TRUCK AND BUS TYRE I TECHNICAL MANUAL Regrooving introduction

REGROOVING
Regrooving technical data

GUIDE
REGROOVING GUIDE

Regrooving introduction

INTRODUCTION TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

A regrooved tyre means a tyre, either new or retreaded, on which a tread pattern has been The tyre must be demounted from the rim before regrooving.
produced by cutting into the tread in accordance with the tyre manufacturer’s recut tread
pattern. Recut tread patterns for Hankook tyres are contained in this manual. Inspection :
- Before regrooving check there is no damage on any part of the tyre.
Regrooving of truck tyres requires fully trained operators: - Remove stones and any other foreign objects such as nails from the tread which may have
- Use only regrooving tools with electrically heated blades. embedded into the grooves. Repair if necessary.
- Determine the blade setting depth for each individual tyre by referring to the following tables. - Particular care should be exercised in selecting a tyre for regrooving where the tread area is
- Set the blade in the cutter head to the specified depth. damaged in anyway (eg: chipping, tearing and cutting due to abnormal operating conditions).
- While regrooving, hold the cutter so that the underside of the cutting head is flat against the - Where a tyre has worn abnormally it may be possible to regroove that part of the worn tyre,
tread surface. Heating of the blade starts automatically as the blade penetrates the rubber. provided that a sufficient amount of the original groove is visible before regrooving.

A minimum depth of remaining undertread rubber is required to avoid: It is recommended that the minimum remaining tread depth be between 2mm and 3mm
- Damage of the top steel belt before regrooving. The tread depth should be measured around the circumference at 4 places
- Rib tearing caused by groove cracking to find the minimum remaining depth. Set the cutter blade for the recommendations as shown
- Stone damage in this publication.

After regrooving, the tyre should be free of any defects (cracks, separations exposed ply or Please make sure that you regroove Hankook tyre’s steel radials to the patterns, depths and
cord) visible on either the mounted or demounted tyre. widths recommended in this manual to ensure good service from your tyres.

After regrooving, your tyre should be free from defects. It is most important to ensure that the
belts under the tread have not been exposed.

REGROOVING RECOMMENDATIONS

Before regrooving After regrooving

TECHNICAL MANUAL 50 • 51
REGROOVING GUIDE

Regrooving technical data

LONG HAUL Worn tread

B A A B

Worn tread
New tread Regrooved tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
New tread Regrooved tread T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
Type Tread Depth Regrooving 65 385/65R22.5 160K * 12.2 3 9~11
SRS Size LI/SS
55 385/55R22.5 160K * 11.4 3 A6~8 / B12~14
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
50 435/50R19.5 160J * 8.7 / 10.2 3 A2.5 / B7~9
TUBELESS
45 445/45R19.5 160K * 8.7 / 10.2 3 A2.5 / B7~9
55 385/55R22.5 160K * 11.6 3 6~9

AL20w
TUBELESS
50 355/50R22.5 156L * 10.6 3 7~9
60 295/60R22.5 150/147L * 11 3 6~8
315/60R22.5 154/148L * 10.5 3 6~8 Worn tread

70 315/70R22.5 156/150L * 11.6 3 7~9

New tread Regrooved tread

Worn tread
Type Tread Depth Regrooving
SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
New tread Regrooved tread 80 315/80R22.5 156/150L (154/150M) * 13.5 3 8~10
70 315/70R22.5 156/150L * 14.5 3 8~10
Type Tread Depth Regrooving
SRS Size LI/SS 65 385/65R22.5 160K * 12.2 3 6~9
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width 60 295/60R22.5 150/147L * 13.6 3 8~10
TUBELESS 315/60R22.5 154/148L * 13.5 3 8~10
70 315/70R22.5 154/150L * 14.6 3 6 50 355/50R22.5 156L * 13.5 3 9~11

DL20w
TUBELESS
80 315/80R22.5 156/150L * 15.0 3 5~7
70 315/70R22.5 154/150L * 14.6 3 6
60 295/60R22.5 150/147L * 13 3 6~8
315/60R22.5 152/148L * 13,4 3 6~8

TECHNICAL MANUAL 52 • 53
REGROOVING GUIDE

LONG HAUL Worn Tread

Worn tread
New Tread Regrooved Tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
New tread Regrooved tread T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
Type Tread Depth Regrooving 12R22.5 152/148L * 14.5 3 6~8
SRS Size LI/SS
80 295/80R22.5 152/148M * 13.5 3 8~10
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
70 255/70R22.5 140/137M * 13.1 3 8~10
TUBELESS
275/70R22.5 148/145M * 15.0 3 8~10
80 315/80R22.5 156/150L (154/150M) * 17.7 3 8~10
305/70R22.5 152/148L * 13.5 3 8~10
60 295/60R22.5 150/147K * 18.9 3 5~7
315/60R22.5 152/148L * 19.5 3 8~10
55 295/55R22.5 147/145K * 10.4 3 7~9
45 315/45R22.5 *** 147/145L * 17.5 3 6~8
*** Available in Q1/2020 Worn Tread

New Tread Regrooved Tread

Worn Tread
Type Tread Depth Regrooving
SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
New Tread Regrooved Tread 80 295/80R22.5 152/148M * 17.5 3 10~12
70 275/70R22.5 148/145M * 18.5 3 10~12
Type Tread Depth Regrooving
SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
75 215/75R22.5 135/133J * 10.2 3 9
235/75R22.5 143/141J * 10.7 3 10
70 245/70R17.5 143/141J (146/146F) * 10.7 3 10
265/70R19.5 143/141J * 10.7 3 10
65 385/65R22.5 160K * 14.5 3 10~12
50 435/50R19.5 160J * 12.6 3 12~14
40 455/40R22.5 160J * 13.5 3 10~12

TECHNICAL MANUAL 54 • 55
REGROOVING GUIDE

LONG HAUL COACH

Worn tread Worn tread

New tread Regrooved tread New tread Regrooved tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS TUBELESS
70 275/70R22.5 152/148J * 12.6 3 10~12 80 295/80R22.5 154M * 14.1 3 8~10
65 445/65R22.5 169K * 16.5 3 12~14 315/80R22.5 156/150L * 14.6 3 8~10
45 445/45R19.5 160J * 13.5 3 8~10

Worn tread

New tread Regrooved tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
80 295/80R22.5 154/149M * 17.9 3 6~8

TECHNICAL MANUAL 56 • 57
REGROOVING GUIDE

REGIONAL HAUL Worn tread

Worn tread
New tread Regrooved tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
New tread Regrooved tread T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
Type Tread Depth Regrooving 11R22.5 148/145L * 11.5 3 6~8
SRS Size LI/SS
70 275/70R22.5 152/148J * 12.6 3 6
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
65 425/65R22.5 165K * 15.5 3 6~8
TUBELESS
385/65R22.5 160K * 16.0 3 7.66
12R22.5 152/149L * 16.0 3 9~11
445/65R22.5 169K * 15 3 12
80 295/80R22.5 152/148M(154/149L) * 17.5 3 9~11
60 295/60R22.5 150/147K (152J) * 13,6 3 10
315/80R22.5 156/150L * 17.5 3 9~11
55 385/55R22.5 160K (158L) * 14.6 3 6~8
70 315/70R22.5 156/150L * 15.5 3 9~11
385/55R19.5 156J * 14,5 3 10
275/70R22.5 148/145M * 15.0 3 7~11
50 435/50R19.5 160J * 12.5 3 6~8
65 385/65R22.5 164K * 15.5 3 9~11
45 445/45R19.5 160J * 13 3 9
385/65R22.5 160K(158L) * 15.5 3 9~11
455/45R22.5 160J * 15 3 10
60 315/60R22.5 154/148L * 13.1 3 8~10
40 455/40R22.5 160J * 13,6 3 10
55 385/55R22.5 160K * 15.0 3 6~8
50 335/50R22.5 156L * 13.6 3 6~8
Worn tread

Worn tread
New tread Regrooved tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
New tread Regrooved tread T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
Type Tread Depth Regrooving 10R22.5 141/139M * 13.5 3 6~8
SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width 11R22.5 148/145L * 16 3 6~8
12R22.5 152/148L * 16.5 3 7~9
TUBELESS
13R22.5 156/150L * 16.5 3 6~8
80 295/80R22.5 152/148M * 20.5 3 6~8
315/80R22.5 156/150L * 20.5 3 6~8
70 315/70R22.5 154/150L * 19.5 3 9~11
275/70R22.5 ** 148/145M * 17.7 3 6~8
60 295/60R22.5 150/147K * 18.9 3 4~6
315/60R22.5 152/148L * 19.4 3 5~7
**Available in Q3/2018

TECHNICAL MANUAL 58 • 59
REGROOVING GUIDE

REGIONAL HAUL Worn tread

Worn tread
New tread Regrooved tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
New tread Regrooved tread TUBELESS
8.5R17.5 121/120L * 12.1 3 5~7
Type Tread Depth Regrooving 9.5R17.5
SRS Size LI/SS 131/129L * 15.0 3 5~7
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width 75 205/75R17.5 124/122M * 13.1 3 5~7
TUBELESS 215/75R17.5 126/124M * 13.0 3 6~8
12R22.5 152/149L * 24 3 4~5 225/75R17.5 129/127M * 12.6 3 6~8
235/75R17.5 132/130M * 12.6 3 6~8
70 245/70R17.5 136/134M * 13.1 3 6~8
265/70R17.5 139/136M * 15.0 3 5~7
245/70R19.5 136/134M * 13.1 3 5~7
Worn tread
265/70R19.5 140/138M * 13.0 3 5~7
285/70R19.5 146/144M * 14.1 3 6~8
305/70R19.5 148/145M * 15.5 3 6~8

New tread Regrooved tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
Worn tread
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
8.5R17.5 121/120L * 12.1 3 4~6
9.5R17.5 131/129L * 13.6 3 4~6
New tread Regrooved tread
8R19.5 124/122L * 12.5 3 4~6
75 205/75R17.5 124/122M * 12.1 3 5~7
Type Tread Depth Regrooving
215/75R17.5 126/124M * 12.6 3 5~7 SRS Size LI/SS
215/75R17.5 128/126M * 12.6 3 5~7 T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
225/75R17.5 129/127M * 12.1 3 6~8 TUBELESS
235/75R17.5 132/130M * 12.1 3 7~9 8R17.5 117/116L * 13.0 3 8~10
70 245/70R17.5 136/134M * 12.1 3 7~9 10R22.5 141/139L * 13.5 3.5 11~13
265/70R17.5 140/136M * 12.6 3 7~9 13R22.5 156/150L * 16.5 3.5 11~13
245/70R19.5 136/134M * 13.6 3 7~9 TUBE TYPE
265/70R19.5 140/138M * 13.1 3 7~9 1000R20 147/143L * 16.0 3 8~10
285/70R19.5 146/144M * 13.1 3 5~7 1100R20 150/146L * 16.0 4 8~10
305/70R19.5 148/145M * 14.6 3 6~8

TECHNICAL MANUAL 60 • 61
REGROOVING GUIDE

REGIONAL HAUL Worn tread

Worn tread
New tread Regrooved tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
New tread Regrooved tread T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
Type Tread Depth Regrooving 8R17.5 117/116L * 14.0 3 6~8
SRS Size LI/SS
11R22.5 148/145L * 21.0 3 10~12
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
12R22.5 152/148L * 22.5 3 10~12
TUBELESS
80 295/80R22.5 152/148M * 23.0 3 10~12
11R22.5 148/145L * 16.5 3 8~10
315/80R22.5 154/150M (156L) * 23.5 3 10~12
12R22.5 152/148L * 16.5 3 8~10
70 315/70R22.5 154/150L * 19.5 3 10~12
TUBE TYPE
1000R20 147/143L * 22.5 3 8~10
Worn tread 1100R20 150/146L * 22.5 3 10~12

New tread Regrooved tread

Worn tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS New tread Regrooved tread
11R22.5 148/145M * 16.5 3 11~13
80 295/80R22.5 152/148M * 13.5 3 11~13 Type Tread Depth Regrooving
SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
Worn tread 9.5R17.5 143/141J * 13.5 3 5~7
11R22.5 148/146L * 12.6 3 6~8
75 215/75R17.5 135/133J * 12.0 3 6~8
235/75R17.5 143/141J * 12.5 3 6~8
New tread Regrooved tread 70 245/70R17.5 143/141J (146/146F) * 12.5 3 6~8
245/70R19.5 141/140J * 14.0 3 6~8
Type Tread Depth Regrooving 265/70R19.5 143/141J * 13.5 3 7~9
SRS Size LI/SS 285/70R19.5 150/148J * 14.0 3 6~8
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width 65 205/65R17.5 129/127K(132/132F) * 11.6 3 6~8
TUBELESS 425/65R22.5 165K * 16.5 3 8~10
12R22.5 152/149K * 18.9 3 8~10 55 385/55R22.5 160K (158L) * 15.0 3 12~14
80 295/80R22.5 152/148M * 21.4 3 7~8

TECHNICAL MANUAL 62 • 63
REGROOVING GUIDE

MIXED SERVICE (ON AND OFF-ROAD) Worn tread

A B B A
Worn tread

New tread Regrooved tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
New tread Regrooved tread T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
Type Tread Depth Regrooving 10R22.5 144/142K * 15.0 3 A9~11 / B8~10
SRS Size LI/SS 11R22.5 148/145K * 22.5 3 12~14
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
12R22.5 152/149K * 18.9 3 8~10
TUBELESS
13R22.5 156/150K * 18.0 3 A13~15 / B10~12
70 265/70R19.5 143/141J * 16.0 3 8~10 95 325/95R24 162/160K * 18.2 3 8~10
275/70R22.5 148/145K * 18.0 3 8~10
80 295/80R22.5 152/148K (154/150J) * 17.0 3 A11~13 / B8~10
65 425/65R22.5 165K * 18.5 3 10~12
315/80R22.5 156/150K * 17.0 3 A12~14 / B9~11
445/65R22.5 169K * 18.9 3 10~12
AM15+
TUBELESS Worn tread
65 385/65R22.5 160K (158L) * 18.0 3 12~14

New tread Regrooved tread

Worn tread Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
New tread Regrooved tread 95 325/95R24 162/160K * 18.4 4 7~9

Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
Worn tread
80 315/80R22.5 * 156/150K * 16.3 3 10~12
13R22.5 156/150K * 16,8 3 11~13

New tread Regrooved tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
80 315/80R22.5 156/150K * 19.7 3 5~13
295/80R22.5 154/150L * 11 3 6~12
13R22.5 156/150K * 20 3 7~12
70 315/70R22.5 154/150L * 18,7 3 6~14

TECHNICAL MANUAL 64 • 65
REGROOVING GUIDE

MIXED SERVICE (ON AND OFF-ROAD) Worn tread

New tread Regrooved tread

Worn tread Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
New tread Regrooved tread T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
Type Tread Depth Regrooving 95 1100R20 152/148K * 20.0 3 10~12
SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width 95 325/95R24 162/160G * 23.3 3 10~12
TUBELESS
11R22.5 148/145K * 23.5 3 7~11
12R22.5 152/148K * 22.5 3 7~11
13R22.5 156/150K * 23.0 3 7~12
1200R20 154/150K * 23.0 2 7~12
80 295/80R22.5 152/148K * 23.8 3 5~10 Worn tread
315/80R22.5 156/150K * 21.8 3 6~12

New tread Regrooved tread

Worn tread
Type Tread Depth Regrooving
SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
New tread Regrooved tread 11R22.5 148/145G * 25.0 4 14~16
12R22.5 152/148G * 25.0 4 14~16
Type Tread Depth Regrooving 13R22.5 154/150K * 24.0 4 14~16
SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width 80 315/80R22.5 156/150K * 22.5 4 15~17
TUBELESS
TUBE TYPE
95 325/95R24 162/160K * 19.4 3 12~22 1200R20 154/150G * 24.0 4 14~16
1200R24 156/153G * 20.9 4 14~16

TECHNICAL MANUAL 66 • 67
REGROOVING GUIDE

MIXED SERVICE (ON AND OFF-ROAD) WINTER

Worn tread Worn tread

New tread Regrooved tread New tread Regrooved tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width SRS Size LI/SS
TUBELESS T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
65 385/65R22.5 160K (158L) * 17.5 3 7~9 TUBELESS
80 295/80R22.5 154/149M * 16.5 3 9~11
315/80R22.5 156/150L * 17.0 3 8~10
70 275/70R22.5 150/145J * 18 3 5~6
315/70R22.5 154/150L * 16.0 3 8~10
Worn tread
65 385/65R22.5 160K * 15.5 3 8~10
55 385/55R22.5 160K (158L) * 15.0 3 8~10

AW02+
New tread Regrooved tread TUBELESS
65 385/65R22.5 160K (158L) * 15.5 3 8~10
Type Tread Depth Regrooving
SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
65 385/65R22.5 * 160K(158L) * 16.5 3 10~12
* available in Q2/2019 Worn tread

A B A B A

New tread Regrooved tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
12R22.5 152/148L * 19.5 3 A4~6 / B4~6
80 315/80R22.5 156/150L * 20.5 3 A5~7 / B4~6
295/80R22.5 152/148L * 20.5 3 A5~7/ B4~6
70 275/70R22.5 150/145J * 18.4 3 3.5~5
315/70R22.5 154/150L * 17.5 3 A6~8 / B4~6

TECHNICAL MANUAL 68 • 69
REGROOVING GUIDE

WINTER URBAN

Worn tread Worn tread

New tread Regrooved tread New tread Regrooved tread

Type Tread Depth Regrooving Type Tread Depth Regrooving

SRS Size LI/SS SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS TUBELESS
80 295/80R22.5 152/148L * 21.3 3 10~12 11R22.5 148/145J * 19.0 3 9~11
315/80R22.5 156/150L * 21.3 3 10~12 80 275/80R22.5 149/146J * 19.0 3 9~11
70 315/70R22.5 154/150L * 21.3 3 10~12 295/80R22.5 152/148J * 19.0 3 9~11
70 245/70R19.5 136/134M * 15.5 3 7~9
265/70R19.5 140/138M * 15 3 8~10

AU03+
Worn tread TUBELESS
70 275/70R22.5 150/145J (152/148) * 20.5 3 9~11

New tread Regrooved tread

Worn tread
Type Tread Depth Regrooving
SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
65 385/65R22.5 160K (158L) * 12.1 3 9.5 New tread Regrooved tread
55 385/55R22.5 160K/158L * 14.1 3 9
45 445/45R19.5 160J * 13.6 3 9 Type Tread Depth Regrooving
SRS Size LI/SS
T/T T/L m/m Depth Width
TUBELESS
70 275/70R22.5 150/148J (152/148F) * 19 3 7~8
60 315/60R22.5 154/148J (156/152F) * 13.1 3 7~8

AU04
TUBELESS
11R22.5 148/145J * 20.2 3 9~11
80 295/80R22.5 152/148J * 16.5 3 9~11

TECHNICAL MANUAL 70 • 71
TRUCK AND BUS TYRE I TECHNICAL MANUAL Technical data of rims

RIM AND ACCESSORIES

Demounting and mounting
Tubeless tyre demounting and mounting
Tubeless rim valve mounting
About dual spacing
RIM AND ACCESSORIES

Technical data of rims The rim is part of the wheel which supports the tyre.

Drop-centre rims with 15° tapered bead seats Multi-piece rims with 5° tapered bead seats

Rims with detachable lateral rings are equipped with flange and bead seats which are
removable on one side of the rim.

DIMENSIONS(MM) DIMENSIONS(MM)
DIMENSIONS(mm) BASIC OPTIONAL
Rim A+- 3.2 Rim A+- 3.2
Rim A+- 3.2 G +-1.2 R1+- 2.5 G+- 1.2 R1+- 2.5
5.25 133.4 10.50 266.7
5.0 127.0 +- 3.2 27.9 14.0
6.00 152.4 11.75 298.5
5.5 139.7 +- 3.2 30.5 15.2 33.0 16.5
6.75 171.5 12.25 311.0
6.0 152.4 +- 3.2 33.0 16.5
7.50 190.5 13.00 330.2
6.5 165.1 +- 3.2 35.6 17.8 36.8 18.4
8.25 209.6 14.00 355.6
7.0 177.8 +- 3.2 38.1 19.0 36.8 18.4
9.00 228.6
7.5 190.5 +- 3.2 40.6 20.3 42.0 21.0
9.75 247.6
8.0 203.2 +- 3.2 43.2 21.6 42.0 21.0
8.0 V 5° 203.2 +- 3.2 44.4 27.0 42.0 21.0
DIAMETERS 8.5 215.9 +- 3.6 45.7 22.9 43.2 21.6
9.0 228.6 +- 3.6 48.3 24.1 45.7 22.8
Nominal diameter code 17.5 19.5 22.5 24.5 9.5 247.7 +- 3.6 38.1 19.0 8.25 8.25
Diameter D (mm) 444.5 495.3 571.5 622.3 10.0 254.0 +- 4.7 50.8 25.4 9.00 9.00
14.0 V 5° 355.6 +- 4.7 44.4 27.0

DIAMETERS
Nominal diameter code 15 20 22 24

Diameter D (mm) 384.4 514.4 565.2 616.0

TECHNICAL MANUAL 74 • 75
RIM AND ACCESSORIES

Technical data of rims The rim is part of the wheel which supports the tyre.

Drop-centre rims with 5° tapered bead seats Flat base rims

DIMENSIONS (mm) DIMENSIONS (mm)

DIMENSIONS (mm)
+ 3.2
Rim A +-1.5 G - 0.4 H mim Rim A 3.2 G +-1.2 P mim
Rim A +- 3.2 G +- 2.5 R max
4.00B 101.6 14.0 15.0 4.50E 114.3 19.8 22.2
5.00 S 127.0+- 3.2 33.3
4.50B 114.3 14.0 15.0 5.00E 127.0 19.8 22.2
6.00 T 152.4+- 3.2 38.1
5.00B 127.0 14.0 15.0 5.50E 139.7 22.2 23.9
7.33 V 186.2+- 3.2 44.0 20.0
5.50B 139.7 14.0 15.0 6.00G 152.4 27.9 31.8
9.00 V 228.6+- 3.6 44.0
6.00B 152.4 14.0 15.0 6.50H 165.1 33.7 36.3
10.00 V 254.0+- 4.7 44.0
4.00C 101.6 15.9 16.8
4.50C 114.3 15.9 16.8
4J 101.6 17.3 17.3 DIMENSIONS (mm)
DIAMETERS
4½J 114.3 17.3 17.3 + 1.2
Rim A H mim G - 0.4 P mim Nominal diameter code
5J 127.0 17.3 17.3
5½J 139.7 17.3 17.3 279.4
11 10.0 25.4 50.0 Diameter D (mm)
6J 152.4 17.3 17.3 +- 5.0
6½J 165.1 17.3 17.3 304.8
7J 177.8 17.3 17.3 12 +- 5.0 10.0 25.4 50.0
7½J 190.5 17.3 17.3
6L 152.4 21.6 28.5
6½L 165.1 21.6 28.5

DIAMETERS
Nominal diameter code 12 13 14 15 16 20

Diameter D (mm) 304.0 329.4 354.8 380.2 405.6 512.8

TECHNICAL MANUAL 76 • 77
RIM AND ACCESSORIES

Demounting and mounting

Proper sequence
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS for tightening
1 2
Do not demount or mount tyres without proper training. Wall charts containing demounting stud ruts on an 8
and mounting instructions for all on-highway rims should be available through your normal rim stud system 7 4
supplier.
5 6 NOTE :
Always use a securely held safety cage
3 8 and extension hose with a clip on air
Remove all cracked wheels from service
chuck for airing the tyre. Rapid air loss
can propel the assembly.

Cross section
Section width Section width
through typical
dual installation

Tyre clearance
LUBRICATED areas shown by arrows Use of A GG ring indicates
correct mounting
Spacer
width

Offset Offset

Section width

Proper Matching
Accuride 5° or motor wheel
of Rim Parts Motor wheel or accuride "CR" or "FL" flange
"CR" or "FL" side ring Motor wheel or accuride
"CR" or "FL" lock ring

Proper fit
Proper fit
Motor wheel or accuride "CR" or "FL" base

Motor wheel LW and LB base

accuride or budd LB base Motor wheel LW side ring
Figure 3.12
accuride or budd LB side ring
Correct and incorrect
matching of rim parts Proper fit

TECHNICAL MANUAL 78 • 79
RIM AND ACCESSORIES

Tubeless tyre demounting

The tyre should be completely deflated before demounting, which is done by

loosening and removing the valve stem core. Be careful there is no foreign matter
OUTSIDE BEAD DEMOUNTING
left in the valve and that the valve stem is not cracked or damaged. Do not stand Lay the wheel on a clean flat surface with the valve facing upward. Work the bead over the rim
near the valve stem during the deflating process. flange, using your hands and knees as in the illustration to the right. If it is difficult to fit over
the flange, use the proper tyre mounting lever as per the illustration.

Outside bead demounting

BEAD DEMOUNTING
Place the tyre assembly on a clean and flat surface with the valve facing upwards using a tyre
demounting leaver between the tyre bead and rim flange.

Bead demounting

INSIDE BEAD DEMOUNTING

Turn the tyre assembly over, then lubricate between the bead and the rim. Insert the tip of the
tyre between the tyre lever and rim, then add pressure. Use the second lever about 15cm away
from the first lever to remove the rim from the tyre. Repeat this procedure until the bead is
completely demounted.

Inside bead demounting

TECHNICAL MANUAL 80 • 81
RIM AND ACCESSORIES

Tubeless tyre mounting

RIM PREPARATION INSIDE BEAD ASSEMBLY

Inside bead assembly
Rims must not be broken or damaged. Lay the wheel on a clean flat surface with the
Remove the rubber bushing from the valve stem hole and inspect the valve stem for any signs valve facing upward. Work the bead over the
of damage or wear. rim flange, using your hands and knees as in
Remove rust, dirt and any foreign materials from the rim. Clean and sand smooth the area the illustration to the right. If it is difficult to
marked “///” in the picture below. If rusted, clean and repaint the rim surface to protect it from fit over the flange, use the proper tyre
rusting. mounting lever as per the illustration.
If required, replace any worn or damaged valve stem.
Lubricate the inner parts of the rim surface where the tyre mounts (marked “///”).

OUTSIDE BEAD ASSEMBLY

Base part of tubeless rim Base part of tubeless rim Start the outside bead placement over the
outside rim flange by hand, beginning at the Outside bead assembly
Parts marked
point where the valve stem is located.
“///” are to be
cleaned and Once hand placement becomes difficult, use
re-lubricated the proper tubeless tyre bead mounting lever
to complete the job as per the following
illustrations.
When mounting tyres, do not use excessive
force and avoid heavy tools or impact such as
hammering on the rim.

TYRE PREPARATION Tyre bead cross

section TUBELESS TYRE INFLATION
In the case of new tyres, wipe the bead clean Use an inflation gauge, suitable remote air hose nozzle and a safety cage when inflating the
with a dry cloth, checking at the same time newly mounted tyre. The lubricated bead should sit firmly to the rim flange at about 10 PSI
that there are no damage, kinks or inflation. Do not stand near or in front of tyre while inflating. Use the safety cage and stand a
breakages. Apply the recommended lubricant safe distance for your protection. If the bead fails to sit first, then rotate the tyre a few degrees
to the tyre bead as per the illustration to the around the rim, ensuring the bead and rim flange is lubricated and try again.
right. If for any reason the bead is not evenly seated with a comfortable fit, do not attempt to inflate
further. Repeat the entire assembly process with more lubricant on the bead and rim areas.
Once it sits and you are assured the bead and rim flange are at a snug and even fit all the way
around, inflate the tyre to the recommended inflation pressure to the axle load. Check that the
tyre or valve are not leaking, if so, tighten the valve cap.

TECHNICAL MANUAL 82 • 83
RIM AND ACCESSORIES

Tubeless rim valve mounting

A-TYPE RIM VALVE C-TYPE RIM VALVE

The valve hole in the rim must be clean, smooth and not damaged. Apply a recommended The valve hole in the rim must be clean, smooth and not damaged, as per the illustration
lubricant to the rubber brushing off the valve and insert the valve stem through the rim hole below. Lubricate the O-ring and insert a new valve stem going through the O-ring. This should
which will assemble the washing and lock-nut on the inside. Tighten the lock-nut with a wrench go through the valve stem hole in the rim from the inside. From the other side securely hand
so that the valve stem is secured into the rim. tighten the lock-nut.

A-type rim valve C-type rim valve

Washer
Valve O-ring
Lock-nut
Valve cap
Rubber bushing
Valve stem Lock-nut
Valve cap

B-TYPE RIM VALVE

The valve hole in the rim must be clean, smooth and not damaged, as per the illustration
below. Place a lubricated O-ring on the valve stem and insert the stem into the valve stem hole
so that the valve faces perpendicular to the rim. The valve stem hole can be found in the rim.
Tighten the lock nut with a wrench from the opposite side of the rim until the valve stem is
secure.
B-type rim valve

Lock-nut

O-ring Valve cap

Valve

TECHNICAL MANUAL 84 • 85
RIM AND ACCESSORIES

About dual spacing

Mismatched duals have the same effect on the life of tyres as low inflation or overload. Rim width and tyre spacing
An underinflated tyre on a dual assembly shifts its share of the load to the adjacent tyre,
RADIAL AND BIAS PLY TYRES
which then becomes overloaded and frequently fails prematurely. Tyre section Minimum dual spacing
Tyre size Alternate rim (wide)
When mounting duals on a truck, there will generally be some difference in the diameter width without chains
of the 2 tyres (within the limits described below). 7.50 6.5 8.65 9.9
6.0* 8.45 9.7
Mount the small tyre on the inside, the outside tyre wears faster than the inside tyre. As 5.5 8.25 9.5
it wears its diameter will approach that of the inside tyre. Additionally, any crown on the 8.25 7.0 9.50 10.8
6.5* 9.30 10.6
road will favour the placement of the smaller diameter tyre on the inside. 6.0 9.10 10.4
The difference in dimensions of the tyres on a dual assembly should never exceed the 9.00 7.50 10.40 11.9
figures shown in the table below. The measurement and pairing of duals is very 7.0* 10.20 11.7
6.5 10.00 11.5
important when mounting a new set of radial recaps. 10.00 8.0 11.15 12.7
All caps are on the same tyre type and all have the same overall diameter. The service 7.5* 10.95 12.5
7.0 10.75 12.3
they were subjected to prior to capping may have an effect on the size of the retreaded
11.00 8.5 11.75 13.2
tyre. 8.0* 11.55 13.0
7.5 11.35 12.8

TUBELESS (HIGHWAY SERVICE)

Tyre section Minimum dual spacing
Tyre size Alternate rim (wide)
DUAL MATCHING TOLERANCE width without chains
9 7.50 9.30 10.6
Tyre size Diameter (in.) Circumference (in.) Radius (in.) 6.75* 9.00 10.3
6.00 8.70 10.0
8.25R20
10 7.50* 10.00 11.4
and under 0 to 1/4 0 to 3/4 0 to 1/8
6.75 9.70 11.1
9.00R20 11 8.25* 11.00 12.6
and up 0 to 1/2 0 to 1-1/2 0 to 1/4 7.50 10.70 12.3
Twin screw 12 9.00* 11.80 13.5
(all sizes) 0 to 1/4 0 to 3/4 0 to 1/8 8.25 11.50 13.2

LOW PROFILE TUBELESS

Tyre section Minimum dual spacing
Tyre size Alternate rim (wide)
width without chains
225/70 6.00 8.60 9.70
6.75* 8.90 10.00
244/70 6.75* 9.46 10.68
245/75 7.50* 9.76 10.98
255/70 7.50* 10.04 11.30
265/70 7.50* 10.31 11.61
265/75 8.25 10.61 11.91
275/70 8.25 10.86 12.24
285/70 7.50* 10.84 12.22
285/75 8.25* 11.14 12.52
296/75 8.25 11.43 12.89
9.00* 11.73 13.19

TECHNICAL MANUAL 86 • 87
TRUCK AND BUS TYRE I TECHNICAL MANUAL About tyre inflation

MAINTENANCE AND
Truck alignment and tyre wear
Abnormal tread wear
Tyre damage

CARE
MAINTENANCE AND CARE

About tyre inflation

ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF TYRE MAINTENANCE IS INFLATION AND

CORRECT INFLATION. TYRE LIFE
Correct inflation is needed to carry the load and avoid damage. Driving with improper inflation
(particularly grossly under inflated or over inflated tyres) is dangerous and can cause critical
damage or sudden failure of the tyre(s).

PROPER INFLATION SHOULD BE MAINTAINED AND CHECKED AT LEAST ONCE Tyre life
A WEEK AS WELL AS BEFORE A LONG DISTANCE DRIVE.
It is also advisable to take into account the axle load and driving conditions when setting
inflation pressures. Compensation for heavier loads can be made by increasing inflation
pressures. Make sure to not exceed the maximum inflation rates for the tyre or maximum load
axle.

IN THE SPACE OF JUST ONE MONTH A TYRE CAN LOSE 10 POUNDS OF AIR
PRESSURE.
It is important to check your air pressure regularly to make sure your tyres are neither
under nor over inflated.

UNDER INFLATION
The worst enemy your tyre can have. It causes increased treadwear on the outside edges
(or shoulders) of the tyre and generates excessive heat, reducing tyre durability.
Soft tyres make your vehicle work harder, meaning that fuel efficiency is reduced as there is
an increased rolling resistance.

OVER INFLATION
Is detrimental to the tyre as too much air pressure causes the centre of the tread to
bear the majority of the truck’s weight. This leads to faster deterioration and uneven wear.
Any kind of uneven wear will also shorten the life span of your tyres.

TECHNICAL MANUAL 90 • 91
MAINTENANCE AND CARE

Truck alignment and tyre wear

The two major things that affect tyre wear are : CAMBER
• Inflation pressure
• Camber is the inward or outward tilt of the steering axle tyres when viewed from the front.
• Wheel alignment
• Positive camber is the top of the tyre tilted out.
• Camber becomes more negative as the load increases.

COMPONENTS OF ALIGNMENT The angle that a centre line of the wheel is inclined from, the vertical centre line
• Toe perpendicular to a flat road, is called camber angle. If the top of the wheel leans out from
• Camber the perpendicular then it is positive camber. If the top of the wheel leans in from the
• Caster perpendicular then it is negative camber.
• Ackermann Camber is meant to compensate for the downward forces of added loads. Correct camber
• Axle parallelism settings help the tyre maintain a firm and even tread contact with the road while the vehicle
- Thrust angle is travelling under loaded conditions. Often wear at the outside or inside edge of the tyre
- Scrub angle may indicate incorrect camber setting.

TOTAL WHEEL ALIGNMENT POSITIVE NEGATIVE

Definition :
• The process whereby the vehicle and all the tyres are travelling in the same direction. Camber angle
• Steering axle alignment alone is not sufficient. measured in degree

ALIGNMENT AND WEAR

Positive
camber

Centre line of tyre

Vertical line
Negative
camber

TECHNICAL MANUAL 92 • 93
MAINTENANCE AND CARE

TOE CASTER
• Toe is the inward or outward pointing of the wheels when viewed from the top of the vehicle. • Caster is the forward or rearward tilt of the king pin of the steering axle when viewed from
• The goal is to have zero toe when the vehicle is loaded to its normal operating condition. the side.
• Caster is generally not considered to have a great effect on the tyre wear.
Toe-in refers to the inclination of the
Caster is the condition where the king pin is inclined with the top of the pin angled rearward
wheels of a vehicle so that the pair of
similar to the front forks of a bicycle. Caster angle is meant to compensate for the resistance
front wheels (viewing from the front as
which the tyre(s) encounter(s) as a result of drag forces against the road. Caster angle should
per the illustration to the left), are
Front of vehicle be the same for both wheels on a given axle or the result will be vibration and abnormal
closer together at the front than at the
tyre wear.
rear of the wheels.

Too much caster will more than compensate for the amount of drag but it will also create
additional difficulty in steering.
The purpose of toe-in is to relieve or counteract some of the force which pulls wheels
outwards as they roll along the road. Correct toe-in will ensure the rotation direction and Too little caster makes steering become lighter but also unstable and can cause it to wonder.
direction of travel are as similar as possible at driving speed. Insufficient toe-in settings The caster angle should be checked as it can be distorted by impacts on the tyre or by
will result in steering instability. driving in rough conditions.

The opposite is considered toe-out,

see diagram as per the illustration to NEGATIVE POSITIVE
the left.
Front of vehicle Vertical centre line C/L of king pin
Caster angle

Front

If toe-in or toe-out is insufficient or excessive the tyre wear will be effected and appear as
feathering at the edges of the tread.

Shim

TECHNICAL MANUAL 94 • 95
MAINTENANCE AND CARE

Abnormal tread wear

ACKERMANN Under inflation and over inflation of the tyre is

the prime cause of tread wear. However there
ABNORMAL WEAR
• The Ackermann Principle shows that in any turn the inside tyre needs a sharper turn angle are other conditions that influence tread wear
than the outside tyre. and produce irregular wear patterns.
• The difference in turn angles between the tyres is determined by the actual turn angle and
the vehicle wheel base.
• Improper Ackermann causes side force, excessive scuffing and fast or irregular wear.

COMPONENTS OF
ALIGNMENT
• Imbalance of the tyre or tyre and
DIAGONAL WEAR
wheel assembly.
• Improper wheel alignment.
• Breaking system problems that may cause
Ackermann the wheel to lock up or flat spotting.
• Bent or round rims.
• Worn or damaged bearings.
• Broken or worn shock absorbers, springs or
steering components.

THRUST ANGLE TANDEM SCRUB SHOULDER WEAR CAUSED BY

WRONG CAMBER OR
• Thrust angle is the difference between the • Tandem scrub is the difference in the
MISALIGNMENT
line perpendicular to the axle and vehicle thrust angles of the drive axles.
centre line. • The target is zero.
• Each drive axle has its own thrust angle. • Tandem scrub errors cause constant side
• The target is to have zero thrust angle. force on the steer tyres. This leads to
irregular wear.

Scrub angle

Thrust Angle

TECHNICAL MANUAL 96 • 97
MAINTENANCE AND CARE

Tyre damage

With tubeless tyres it is often possible, even with a slow air leak, to use the tyre carefully BEAD DAMAGE FROM CURBING BURNT BEADS
enough to get to a service centre.

Small punctures in the tread area, if detected early enough, can usually be repaired as to avoid
air loss and further problems.

However sufficient loss of air can cause a rapid heat build up which can damage the tyre.
This may result in tyre failure or separations between the tread and carcass piles.

Care should be taken to avoid road debris, dirt or moisture penetrating any puncture or getting
trapped inside the tyre, or between the wheel rim and tyre.
Damaged tyres should always be repaired or replaced at the earliest possible opportunity to
avoid further tyre damage, possible tyre failure, vehicle or personal injury.

Check for and correct any of the following conditions : RIPPED SIDEWALL

DAMAGE DUE TO CONTACT • Improper tyre inflation.

WITH THE VEHICLE • Overloading.
• Improper vehicle maintenance.
• Brake system abnormalities.
• Differences of tyres sizes or
circumferences on the same axle.
• Improper mounting of tyre or wheel.
• Improper, worn or damaged valve.
• Improper use of tube or flap.

SIDEWALL DAMAGE DUE TO RUN FLAT OR SEVERE UNDER INFLATION

FLAT SPOTTING DUE TO LOCKED BRAKES

TECHNICAL MANUAL 98 • 99
MAINTENANCE AND CARE

HEAT CAN DAMAGE TYRES TREAD SEPARATION CAUSED BY EXCESSIVE HEAT

Under inflation, overloading or excessive speed can cause damage because of heat build up.
Tyre parts such as cord, the bonding between carcasses, belts and treads can be easily
damaged by excessive heat. Most tyre cords lose strength at temperatures above 120°C
making the tyre more vulnerable to a failure.

Excessive heat can either weaken or damage cords and rubber compounds or even cause
separation between the piles.

The following pictures show some of the possible damage conditions.

SHOULDER SECTION DAMAGE OR SEPARATION DUE TO HEAT

MOISTURE DAMAGE
Moisture inside the tyre or penetrating through to the steel belts of a radial tyre can cause rust
damage to the steel cord or rim.

Therefore always:
Store tyres indoors in a dry place.
Ensure all wheels, flaps, tubes, valves and the inner tyre surface are clean and dry before
and during mounting.
Use the recommended mounting lubricant on the rim and tyre bead during the mounting
process.
Maintain inflation and keep the valve stem capped or protected so as not to allow
moisture to enter the tyre.
TREAD DAMAGE DUE TO EXCESSIVE HEAT

TECHNICAL MANUAL 100 • 101

MAINTENANCE AND CARE

Memo

TECHNICAL MANUAL 102 • 103