HD in Occupational Safety and Emergency Operations

(AS114111)

Safety and Health Management

(SAS4709)

Chapter 4
F&IU Safety Management System

1. A Practical Guide to Construction Site Safety Management

2. Practice Notes for Construction Managers – Safety management
3. Construction Site Safety Manual
1

Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, I will be able to:
1. Understand the background of SMS
2. Appreciate the 14 elements of SMS
3. Manage to develop a SMS system in a company
4. Understand the key process element in
development a SMS

Copyright © 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

1
 Background of F & IU (Safety Management)
Regulation
• Construction is a high risk activity
• Triggered by the massive Airport Core Programme in 1991, the
Government decided to introduce a safety management system
(SMS). New Airport Projects Coordination Office prepared an ACP
Construction Manual to assist in the implementation of SMS in 1992.
• Works Bureau introduced SMS in public works contracts in 1993.
• In 1995, the Government conducted a comprehensive review of
industrial safety => concluded the adoption of safety management
system approach.
• In March 1996, Work Branch introduced two major safety initiatives,
 the Pay for Safety Scheme (PFSS) and
 The Independent Safety Audit Schemes (ISAS).
• F & IU (Safety Management) Regulation was passed 24 Nov 1999,
the new Regulation came into force on 1 April 2002.

An overview of International models

• HSG 65 – “Successful
Health and Safety
Management” in 1991
(UK).
• Five key elements:
 Policy
 Organizing
 Planning and implementing
 Measuring performance
 Auditing and review
performance

2
 OSHAS 18001
• Based on BS
8800, focuses on
tackling the issues
relating to
planning and
managing
changes within an
organization.

Source: Establishing an occuptational safety management system

(http://www.oshc.org.hk/others/bookshelf/CB207E.pdf)

Model by the Labour Department in cop

COP on Safety Management System (http://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/public/os/manage.pdf)

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 Six – step Approach

• to develop, implement and maintain effective safety

management systems.
1. Planning of an SMS
2. Developing a safety policy and safety plan to achieve the
desired safety objectives
3. Organizing people and resources to accomplish the safety
objectives
4. Implementing the safety plan
5. Measuring and Safety Auditing / Reviewing of performance
6. Further planning (periodical status review)
COP on Safety Management System (http://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/public/os/manage.pdf)

General Requirement in establishing SMS

Duty holder
• A contractor in
relation to
construction work.
• A proprietor of a
shipyard business
• A proprietor of a
factory
• A proprietor of a
designated
undertaking
• ? (a) the generation, transformation and transmission of electricity;

(b) the generation and transmission of town gas, or liquefied petroleum gas, within the meaning
of section 2 of the Gas Safety Ordinance (Cap 51); or
(c) container handling;

• http://www.jsc.com.hk
/safety_audit.htm
Every six months

A Guide to Construction Safety Management (http://www.oshc.org.hk/others/bookshelf/CB953E.pdf)

Page 10

4
 Example

A Guide to Construction Safety Management (http://www.oshc.org.hk/others/bookshelf/CB953E.pdf) - Page 11

14 elements of safety management system (1-8)

1. Safety Policy: A safety policy which states the commitment of the contractor to
safety and health at work
2. Organizational Structure: A structure to assure implementation of the commitment to
safety and health at work
3. Safety Training: Training to equip personnel with knowledge to work safely and
without risk to health
4. In-house Safety Rules: In-house safety rules to provide instruction for achieving
safety management objectives
5. Inspection Programme: A programme of inspection to identify hazardous conditions
and for the rectification of any such conditions at regular intervals or as appropriate
6. Hazard Control Programme: A programme to identify hazardous exposure or the
risk of such exposure to the workers and to provide suitable personal protective
equipment as a last resort where engineering control methods are not feasible.
7. Accident/incident Investigation: Investigation of accidents or incidents to find out the
cause of any accident or incident and to develop prompt arrangements to prevent
recurrence
8. Emergency Preparedness: Emergency preparedness to develop, communicate and
execute plans prescribing the effective management of emergency situations.

Source: Establishing an occuptational safety management system

(http://www.oshc.org.hk/others/bookshelf/CB207E.pdf)

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 14 elements of safety management system (9-14)
9. Evaluation, Selection and Control of Subcontractors: Evaluation, selection
and control of sub-contractors to ensure that subcontractors are fully
aware of their safety obligations and are in fact meeting them.
10. Safety Committee: Safety committees to identify, recommend and keep
under review measures to improve the safety and health at work
11. Job-hazard Analysis: Evaluation of job related hazards or potential
hazards and development of safety procedures.
12. Safety and Health Awareness: Promotion, development and maintenance
of safety and health awareness in a workplace.
13. Accident Control and Hazard Elimination: A programme for accident
control and elimination of hazards before exposing workers to any adverse
work environment
14. Occupational Health Assurance Programme: A programme to protect
workers from occupational hazards.

Source: Establishing an occuptational safety management system

(http://www.oshc.org.hk/others/bookshelf/CB207E.pdf)

11

Establishing an Occupational Safety Management System

• http://www.oshc.org.hk/ot
hers/bookshelf/CB207E.p
df
• Get a copy - “Developing
and Implementing
Contractors Safety
Management for Clients
and Inspecting Engineers
(http://hkrsaa.org/pdf/IAIL
_c.PDF)”

12

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 Organizing, Planning and Implementing, Measuring
• Organizing for Safety • Measuring Performance
1. Safety Organisation 1. Inspecting Hazardous
2. Safety Committees Conditions
3. Safety Training 2. Investigating Accidents
4. Promotion of Safety and Health Awareness and Incidents
• Planning and Implementing 3. Safety Audit and Safety
Review
1. In-house Safety Rules
2. Evaluation of Job Related Hazards
3. Personal Protection Programmes
4. Emergency Preparedness
5. Programme for Protecting Occupational Health
6. Evaluating, Selecting and Controlling Sub-
contractors
7. Programme for Controlling Accidents and
Eliminating Hazards

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Useful Tools
• Guides to Legislation: Occupational Safety by
Labour Departments
 List of Publications, Posts Published by the Labour Department
 http://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/public/content2_8a.htm
• Construction Site Safety Manual
 (http://www.safetypartnering.com/smd/pdf/manual.pdf. Page
102)
• Guidance on Preparing a Site Safety Plan
 (http://www.safetypartnering.com/smd/pdf/manual.pd
f - Page 77)

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 Initial Status Review
• Conduct an initial status review (ISR) by
comparing safety management system with:
 The requirement of the relevant legislation and
contractual requirements
 The existing guidance on safety management
available
 The best trade practices and trade performance
• Carry out preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) to
decide on priorities and objectives for hazard
elimination and risk control.
• Conduct once for the establishing the SMS.

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Safety Policy
• A statement declaring the top management’s attitude and commitment to improve
safety and health at work
• A system of allocation of safety responsibilities at all levels for carrying out of the
policy.
• Arrangements to ensure that it is understand by employees and related parties.
• A safety policy should be reviewed at a frequency of not less than once in each 2
years period.
http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/CurAllEngDoc/F08BD3C0C26A75CD4825686
0000C18D0?OpenDocument

16

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 Safety Policy – Be SMART
Letter Most common Alternative

S Specific (Strategic and specific)

M Measurable

Agreed,attainable,action-
oriented,ambitious,aligned with
A Achievable
corporate goals,(agreed,
attainable and achievable)

Realistic,resourced,reasonable,(re
R Relevant alistic and resourced),results-
based

Time-based,time limited,time/cost
T Time-bound limited, timely, time-sensitive,
timeframe

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART_criteria

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Safety Policy – useful website

• https://www.hkelectric.com/en/about-us/corporate-policies/hr_policy
• http://www.oceanpark.com.hk/html/en/footer/sustainability/health/
• http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/osh_policy.html#_1_11 –
guide to write an OHS Policy Statement
• http://www6.cityu.edu.hk/cdfo/download/safetypolicy.pdf
• http://www.projexasia.com/safety_health_safety.php
• http://ehsu.hkbu.edu.hk/access/policy.pdf
• https://www.towngas.com/Eng/Corp/SocResp/HSEmgt/Policy.aspx
• http://www.cpcs.com.hk/eng/healthandsafety_e.html
• http://www.hkhs.com/pdf/policy/ohsp_policy_en.pdf

Copyright © 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

18

9
 Safety Organization
• clearly defines the safety and health responsibilities of all
levels of staff to ensure that safety and health
commitments are being implemented within the
organization.
• What is the difference?
• What is the safety responsibilities of safety officer?

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Safety Committee
• In Safety Management regulation, a proprietor should
 establish at least one safety committee having the function of identifying, recommending
and keeping under review measures to improve the safety and health of the workers in his
industrial undertaking;
 implement any measures recommended by the safety committee;

• The safety committee so established should:

 have at least half of its members (irrespective of whether they are nominated or elected)
represent workers in the industrial undertaking;
 be provided with a written statement setting out rules governing its membership, terms of
reference and meeting procedures (procedures by which the committee reaches
decisions);
 meet at least once every 3 months;
 keep records of its meetings for at least 5 years
 Should have an agenda sent to all committee members before hand.
• What are the functions of safety committee?
• Term of Reference (职权范围)
 http://www.devro.com/uploads/tx_sbdownloader/Health_And_Safety_Committee_Terms_Of_Reference.pdf
 https://www.polyu.edu.hk/hso/safety-organization/health-and-safety-committee
• Meeting Minutes
 https://www.hkcic.org/eng/about_cic/construction_site_safety.aspx?langType=1033

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10
 Safety Training
• Statutory requirements:
 Section 6A of the F&IU Ordinance and
Section 6 of the OSCH Ordinance
requires contractors to provided training
to their employees. The training includes
induction training, change of job
training, training to address a new or
increased risk and refresher training.
• Read P87 – 93 of “A Practical Guide
to Construction Site Safety
Management”.
• Training Records
 The records will facilitate the
identification of personnel trained in
specific skills.
 It is useful both in criminal and civil
proceedings to establish the due
diligence test.

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Promotion of Safety and Health Awareness

• By promoting a general awareness of safety and health in the
workplace, it will be able to develop a culture of safety and health in
your organization. Tools are:
 displaying the company safety policy, posters, magazines, or
other visual material
 promoting of safety in meetings –tool-box meetings, organizing
safety talks and video shows.
 promoting your safety performance statistics
 Awards schemes that recognise and give credit to individuals,
teams, sections and departments demonstrating good safety
performance can also be effective.
 Safety quiz or slogan competition.

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 In-house Safety Rules
• General safety rules
• Specialized safety rules, work permit and safety
working method statements
 Not practical to eliminate or reduce by engineering
control.
 E.g. “hot” and “cold” work permit, confined space
work
 Safe working method statements - be prepared for
all construction activities assessed as having a
substantial risk

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Evaluating Job Related Hazards

• Hazard – source or situation with a potential for harm in
terms of death, ill health or injury, or a combination of
these (Physical, Chemical, Biological and Psychological)
• Risk = probability x hazard
• Five stages in risk assessment
 Identification of hazard
 Assessment of risk
 Development of risk control measures
 Implementation and maintenance of the control measures
 Review.

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 POR & HSR

• Source: A Practical Guide to

Construction Site Safety
Management P160-162

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Risk Assessment Sample

A Sample Risk Assessment
RISK ASSESSMENT Location : Platform Assessor: Date:

Activity Hazard Causes Effect People at Risk HSR Existing Residual Assessment RAC Recommendations
Control
Hazard

Replace Fall at Unstable Body Workman and 4 Another Fall at For works at 4L Use working platform
ment of Height (2M) Ladder Injury all visitors workman Height a height of and proper training
Light Bulb holding the more than 2 should be given.
at the ladder, fencing meters,
ceiling the designated working
area platform is
needed.

26

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 Personal Protection Programme
• Control Measures:
 Eliminate the hazard
 Substitution
 Redesign
 Isolation
 Administrative controls
 Personal protective equipment

A Practical Guide to Construction Site Safety Management (Page 110-113)

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Emergency Preparedness
• Contain and control incidents so as
to minimize the effects and to limit
the damage to persons, the
environment and property
• Implement the measures to protect
persons and the property
• Communicate the necessary
information to the public
• Provide for the clean-up and
restoration of the damaged facilities
and to bring it back to operation.
What are the major emergency
preparedness found in construction
site?
A Practical Guide to Construction Site Safety Management (Page
126-128)

28

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 Occupational Health Assurance Programme
• Four common Health Hazards
 Physical
 Chemical
 Biological
 Ergonomics
• The steps are:
 Health Hazard control
 Identification
 Assessment
 Control
 Implementing
 Health surveillance
 pre-employment and periodic medical examinations of exposed workers;..
 Review

A Practical Guide to Construction Site Safety Management (Page 178-183)

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Evaluation, Selection and Control of Subcontractors

• Sub-contractors should be fully aware of their safety

obligations. This should include:
 to clearly define the safety responsibilities and obligations of
sub-contractors before they start work;
 make sub-contracting personnel aware of safety rules and
regulations as well as instructions and procedures for safe
working practices;
 and establish procedures to evaluate the safety performance of
sub-contractors.

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 Programme for controlling accidents and eliminating hazards
(Process Control Programme)
• This programme’s goal is controlling accidents and eliminating hazards
before workers are exposed to any adverse work environment. It includes:
 Setting policy for reviewing engineering projects at the conception and design stages,
 Setting parameters for processes and materials to take account of any changes, and
 Developing a regular monitoring system.
• The steps are:
 Planning
 At the design and purchasing stage
 Organizing
 Provision of process information
 Process hazard analysis
 Operating procedures
 Mechanical integrity programme
 Training
 Monitoring
 Review

A Practical Guide to Construction Site Safety Management (Page 172-177)

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Inspecting Programme
• The primary goals of inspection are to:
 detect hazards that may have emerged at the
workplace due to changes in or introduction of new
work processes, new workers on the job, new plant or
substances being used;
 verify that safety provisions and practices conform to
jobsite rules and regulations and relevant statutory
requirement; and
 identify the training needs of workers and supervisors
who are conducting the inspection programme.
• Types of inspection programmes
 Proactive
 Reactive
• http://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/public/os/A/SOS
SR_E.pdf

A Practical Guide to Construction Site Safety Management (Page 98-102)

32

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 Accident Investigation
•

A Practical Guide to Construction Site Safety Management (Page 117-124)

33

Nature of investigation
 Identify reasons behind any substandard performance
 Identify underlying failure in the SMS
 Infer lessons to learn
 Prevent its recurrences and
 Meet legal and contractual requirements
• Ingredients of accident investigation
• Investigating an accident/incident
• Investigation
• Key data to be covered in an accident/incident
report
• Remedial action
A Practical Guide to Construction Site Safety Management (Page 117-124)

34

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 Key process elements in safety management system (F&IU SMS)
Safety policy  What are the features of a good safety policy
 How to develop a safety policy
Safety Organization  How to establish an organization to carry out
management’s commitment
 Roles and responsibilities
 Accountabilities of management and supervisors
 Functions of safety coordinator
Safety Training  How to develop program for safety training for
different levels of management
 How to integrate various training methods such as
safety orientation, on-the-job safety training, tool box
talk and coaching into human resource development
program.
In-house Safety  How to make rules effective as guidelines to
rules and employee behaviour
regulations  Three forms of organizational rules: Standard, Rules
and procedures
Safety Committee  Function of safety committee
 How to form safety committee
 Appointment of committee members
 Key points in how to make safety committee work

CODE OF PRACTICE On Safety Management

35

Key process elements in safety management system (F&IU SMS)

Programme for  Advantages of an effective inspecting system
inspection of  The basic steps in inspecting hazardous conditions
hazardous conditions  How to organize a complete inspection program

Job hazard analysis  How to establish JSA priorities

(JHA)  JSA technique
 How to use the information provided by a thorough JHA
Accident/Incident  How to meet the purpose of accident/incident investigation
investigation  Proper and complete accident investigation procedures
 Accident/incident information data management technique
Safety Promotion  How to set specific promotion targets to inculcate safety
culture
 Focus on critical problems
 Relate the massage to specific accident causes and
preventive actions
 Practice “point of control” promotion
 How to use organized campaigns or theme programs
process control  Safety at design stage
program  Preventive maintenance program for facilities and equipment
 Ergonomics
 Material control including purchasing, handling, storage and
transportation
 Noise, lighting and ventilation survey/monitoring

CODE OF PRACTICE On Safety Management

36

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 Key process elements in safety management system (F&IU SMS)

personal  Ways to identify personal protection equipment

protection (PPE) need
program  Selection of proper PPE
 Storage and hygiene
 Supervision program
health  control of substances hazardous to health
assurance  medical surveillance
program  first aid

evaluation,  Sub-contractor safety and health pre-

selection and qualification
control of sub-  Contractual safety and health obligations
contractors  interface of various sub-contractors
 assessing safety and health performance of sub-
contractors
emergency  Types of emergency situation
preparedness  how to develop an effective emergency plan

Source: CODE OF PRACTICE On Safety Management

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