UNIT- 4

IOS

IOS Introduction
IOS (Formerly iPhone Operating System) is a mobile operating
system creates and developed by Apple Inc. exclusively for its
hardware. It is the operating system that powers many of the
company’s mobile devices including the iPhone and iPad touch. It is
the world’s seconds most widely installed mobile operating system
after android. It is the basis for three other operating systems made by
Apple: iPad, tvOS and watchOS. It was released on 29 Jun 2007.
 OS family:- UNIX-like, based on Darwin (BSD) Mac OS.
 Written in: - C, C++, Objective-C Swift, Assembly language.

The iOS app store was opened on July10 2008 with a 500 application
available. This quickly grows to 3000 in September 2008 to 2.2
million in January 2011.

Features

1. Interface
The iOS user interface is based upon direct manipulation using
multi-touch gestures such as swipe tap pinch. Interface control
element includes sliders, switches and button.

2. Application
iOS device come with pre-installed apps developed by Apple
including Mail, Maps, TV, Music, face Time, Wallet, Health
and many more. Applications are downloaded from the official
catalog of the Appstore digital store, where apps are subjected to
security checks before being made available to users.

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3. Home screen
The home screen, rendered by spring Board, display application
icon and aback at the bottom where user can pin their most
frequently used apps. The home screen appears whoever the
user unlocks the device or presses the physical “home” button
while in another app. The screen has a status bar across the top
to display data, such as time, battery level and signal strength.
The rest of the screen is devoted to the current application.

4. System font
iOS originally used Helvetica, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica Neue
light, and San Francisco as the system font.

5. Folders
iOS 4 introduce folders which can be created by dragging an
application onto of another, and from the non, more items can
be added to the folder using the same procedure. A title for the
folder is automatically selected by the category of application
inside, but the name can also be edited by the user.

6. Notification center
This user can tap a notification to open its corresponding app or
clear it. Notifications are now delivered in banners that appear
briefly at the top of screen. If a user taps a received notification,
the application that sent the notification will be opened.

7. Multitasking
The implementation of multitasking in iOS has been criticized
for its approach, which limited the work that application it the
background can perform to a limited function set and requires
application developer to ass explicit support for it.

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Multi-tasking is supported through seen background Apps:-
 Background audio
 Voice over IP
 Background location
 Bush notification
 Local notification
 Task completion
 Fast app switching
 Switching application
 Ending task
 Task completion
- Task completion allows apps to continue a certain task after
the app has been suspended.
 Siri
- Siri is an intelligent personal assistant integrated into IOS.

iOS Versions
1. iOS 1
 Released on June 29, 2007.
 Visual voice mail.
 Music app.
 Safari browser.
 Multi touch interface.

2. iOS 2
 Released on July 11, 2008.
 App store
 Improved maps apps

3. iOS 3
 Released on July 17, 2009
 Copy and past
 Spotlight search
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  Recording video
 MMS support in messages app

4. iOS 4
 Released on June 22, 2010
 Face time
 Multi-tasking
 Air play
 iBook
 personal hotspot

5. iOS 5
 Released on October 12, 2011
 iCloud
 iMessage
 Notification center
 Wireless syncing and activation

6. iOS 6
 Released on September 19, 2012
 Apple map
 Do not disturb
 Passbook (now wallet)

7. iOS 7
 Released on September 18, 2013
 Activation lock
 Air drop
 Car play
 Touch ID
 Control center

8. iOS 8
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  Released on September 17, 2014
 Apple music
 iCloud Drive
 Hand off
 Family sharing
 Third-party keyboard
 Home kit

9. iOS 9
 Released on September 16, 2015
 Night shift
 Low power mode
 Public beta program

10. iOS 10
 Released on September 13, 2016
 iMessage apps
 Delete built in apps
11. iOS 11
 Released on September 19, 2017
 Augmented reality
 Airplay 2
 Major enhancement on iPad

12. iOS 12
 Released on September 17, 2018
 Grouped notification
 Screen time
 AR Kit 2
 Siri improvement including Siri short cuts and multi-step action
 Memoji, a personalized kind of Animoji.

13. iOS 13
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  Released on September 19, 2019
 System-wide Dark mode
 Sign with Apple user account system
 New privacy and security option
 New portrait lighting options
 New improved Siri voice

14. iOS 14
 Released on September 24, 2021
 Home screen widgets for customized home screen and shortcut
 Picture in picture mode
 Improved privacy features to block tracking on ling
 Built-in-language translation for 11 languages
 App library, a new way of organizing apps and keeping your
home-screen neat.

15. iOS 15
 Released September 24, 2021
 Notification scheduling and summary
 Improved driving direction in maps
 A redesigned experience and features for managing tabs and
group of tabs in safari
 Better ways to find content shared with you and to show
medical data from the health app with your family.

Working Mechanism of iOS (Architecture)

Architecture of IOS is a layered architecture. At the upper most level
IOS works as in intermediary between the underlying hardware and
the apps you make. Apps do not communicated to the underlying
hardware directly.

Apps talk with the hardware through a collection of well-defined

system interfaces. These interfaces make it simple to write apps that
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work constantly on device having various hardware abilities. Lower
layer gives the basic services which all application relies on and
higher level layer gives sophisticated graphics and interfaces related
graphics and interfaces related services.

Coca Touch

Media layer

Core services

Core OS

1. Core OS layer
 The core of layer holds the low level features that most other
technology are built upon.
 Core Bluetooth Framework
 Accelerated Framework
 External Accessory Framework
 Security service Framework
 Local Authentication Framework

64-Bit support from iOS7 supports the 64-bit app development and
enables the application to run faster.

2. Core service
Some of the important frameworks available in the core service layer
are as follows:-

 Address book Framework

 Cloud kit Framework
 Core data Framework
 Core foundation Framework
 Core location Framework
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  Core motion Framework
 Foundation Framework
 Heal kit Framework
 Home kit Framework
 Social Framework
 Store kit Framework

3. Media layer
Graphic, Audio and video technology is enable using the media
layer.
 UI kit Graphics
 Core graphics Framework
 Core Animation
 Core images
 Open GIES and GI Kit
 Media

4. Cocoa Touch layer:-

 Event kit Framework
 Game kit Framework
 iAd Framework
 map kit Framework
 push kit Framework
 Twitter Framework
 UI kit Framework

IOS Application Development Tool-Kit

The most use and helpful IOS development tools considered are as
follows:-

 Swift (programming language)

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 First released in 2014, swift is a powerful core programming
from Apple swift is aimed to make the code easier to read and
write.

 Objective-C (Programming language )

The original language opted by Steve job, object-c is a language
that steams from the programming language c. object-c has a
similar structure and syntax to c.

 Xcode (IDE and Editor)

Like object c, Xcode was the original integrate development
environment (IDE) used by Apple. It provides developers with
an integrate work flow for coding, testing debugging and use
interface design.

 Code Runner (IDE and editor)

Code Runner is helpful for developers primarily for its code
compiling abilities. It can be used to create potent and advanced
applications.

 Flawless (App Design)

Flawless lets developer perform a variety of task like IOS app
design, analysis comparison and app design execution.
 Rx swift (Libraries )
It is one of the best libraries sources out there. It is a framework
for working with the swift programming language and is based
on reactive programming.

 Alamo Fire (Libraries)

Alamo fire is another library that developers can use to develop
IOS application. It is an HTTP network-based library that
provides an interface a part from Apple’s networking stack.

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  Parse (Backend service)
Parse is an open-source platform that offers mobile backend as a
service. Parse power developers to store data in the cloud,

 Ray Gun (Debugging)

Ray gun is cloud-based software that reports errors, crashes and
monitors the performance of web and mobile applications.

 Peckham (Plugin)
One of the most practical plugins for Xcode is Peckham. It
makes adding and importing statements owing to an auto-
complete feature.

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