Reg. No.226 KtAOU siDate: Experiment No, :
facies: fagasrer
ieee)
PN Junclton Diode Charactenistres
fim’, To obtain the ut ‘chasacteciistics of PY Junction |
Picde fn Folwarid 2 Revere Bias Conditions and
deteoimtne the Cut -fn voltage ~ Faswand £ Reverse |
Bias, viesistances ,
Apparatus:
sno | Nora oF Appaatat | ange
Quantity
V7 IN A005 i INO
Pours apply | o-s0y INO
|
3.) Ammeter o-200mA| — Mv
4] Voltmeter o-2u inp
| 0-200
|
eal Resistoy | Ika Ino
|
6. Botead Bord c tno
potocedu ste ;
Food Bias as shows,
\. Connect the Choice = $008
in ¥iq!-
deal Institute of Technology, Vidyutnagar, Kakinada 2 | Pn i
cistcuit Diagsam:
| : 4
7
|
FS In 4ooA YZ
:
Peuesise Bias
Ao we : (ve -20)
Posiwand Bias po
a) oa Bias 4 b) Reveotie ate |
| | | Forward — | fo, | [" Revere
| sword | Revesise
| ENE) sage Shanty 8 otogeay)
ee) law | le ot © |
| ja | 0.2 ° | Ja o4 |
ri. | |
| [3 | 03 o | 3, | 06 °
| | | | | |
| | 4. oH | On | no] ala o4 |
| | | 0.2 |
|S.) ong 0-2 a eed |
| 2 O38 |
Pie | os 04 a |
| #] ae on
| ok | oss ay B gu los |
| ls ose WE a ou 0.6 |
|
| | a O.F |
| |
| BB 0.8 ; |
46 | LO | }* Wor the Sepp Voltage and note down the Vo
qe doop —acstose diode and — tuotopent thorough
the — diode.
/3- connect thy Cowit fol vievesye biar as shown fp
Fyre and —seespeat the Step.
4. Dovaw the vt chayactesnisticy and Hind cut~ ty
Voltage foom the Gpeaph,
8 Fron the guaphs aloo fin.
8% De fetworrd otesislanc, a Re e
bac polwored Stesistances Using Re - ay
420
C The — stevesue Hesishan. Using Rov
r.
Result:
Hence
obtained the vi chariac tecticHies of PN Jun
CHO diode fh Fwd 4 Revesue bias londitions 4
Detesimined the — Cub in aT
Cut~ tn Voltage | 36
Fostumid Resistant (lati
Fosward Revidana (Cyrnid o.
| Revease Rect bang _
‘Idea! institute of Technology, Vidyutnagar, Kekinade Experiment No. :_2 frenerd faerie:
Reg. No.226 kK fhouy Date :
#euee Rile Shannceaislec ond Zeng a8 alae |
| To obseowe & doaw the vat charyacteetistics arch |
1 srequlatoor chasacteoristicy 4 4% zener didde.
p 7 find the Zener break down Wellage in otevesise
| biased condition .
| 40 find Static and dynamic otesislangy of dener- |
| ctiode in both foward 4 Ptevesue — biaseg,
| Sppostatus
S:\V/6.2u Zener
Powest Spply
SImmeter
Voltmeter
Resistos.
Bread boad
ene | Reveerse Voltage +
Rouestse Cusdent thoough
Didde yon
divde Tu Cro)
O °
oO
Outs
°
O38
0.6 Z
we
O46
0.5
XK Sequtation choraitesnsté ce
Fostuxstd
Bios,
Boreaks down
voltage
Tycmsn)
Revesure Brat Reg. No. Date: Experiment No. : faenazt: fazagta:
: }
| the lead otesistoy Ry - Hence the — Curtetent ppstactutes ard
i
|
euddpue- voltage atsios, ‘the load stesistB1c Rg, which has
the fame shape as the +¥e ‘half cycles of the Input-
| voltage |
i i the thpuf- Voltage,
Busing the negati ve half cyte of Input- volta g
the drade is
vrevesse based and there 4 Curent |
| |
] thorough the Cisituit ie, the Vallage atcoss & is Qe10.|
|The met sueault iy that onl the tue aly cycles a
the inpuk Voltage apptice acoioy the toad . The aug v
Juc of the hate wave Seeclifiey Oulpat- voltage a the
Value measured om de
Voltmeler.
Fa Practical douity toand dimer Couplin il
usual wiovided a
4 {3 2 reasons;
1) the voltage can
needed.
2) The ac Source bs
ee ‘toppect up a ‘sleppecl wn ay
Eleckar cally isolated from the duck
ied hur Geavenliyy shock Rayords in the Leonel
Carat. “
rowed:
I connections ose made as the cirmit diagear,
Ideal Institute of Technology, Vidyutnagar, Kakinada onp-ticrestiemnnisevensanastanenetuseinton ee
Cioeutt Diagram 4
Ge dlthcut fillers
di, with filter:
SL
| i
+
3 eae (9-20
sore ACS | won On f V9
| Vac WC Reg. No. Date:
: Experiment No. : ferent faved
2) connect the potimany side of the toiansfdlmey to ac
| matings and the ‘Secondary Side bo the Aeclifier imped.
8) By wshg the muttineer , measuse the aC inpet aa
age ad output of. Seeclipier |
(4) find the theositical value | de Wolloge by
the filmata, |
Yolo = Vm fa. |
Whee Vn = 2 Votns [sims = oufput- ac voltage).
Now, the Ripple facts es Calculated — by wesing the
-félmala,
v.at output voltage Cvae)/d¢ Outpt vollage Wade) .
5) By Inwouasing the Yalur f the sesislane, fom ry
| to loka, the Voltage acsioss the load (u,) + aovert
— @) follaving ‘though the doad 0 measured,
6) Donw the graphs bh — doad voltage (V2) ard Load cusis
| ot G) by taking ye On X-axis and ON Y-Axis.
4. foiom the value of no toad Voltage (a) be x
Srequloction is to be Gluulatid foto the oori tap
Colcutations gwen below + cc a ae
Gbseowation :
without Gilkey :
[ott fw roca #2
| tb 49] sy 8) 6293
2 2k yor] 54 [29 3
3 3 yo J out | 19 1.2906
4 4k 4.08 | 5.49 | 04 1289
5 5k #0 | 55 | Ul 1.2909
fgg Harps ]o4 1.30
4] 7 106 | 549 | 08 (2
8 8h 4.98] £49] OF 128
4. % 405] £49] Ob] 128 0.0346
ot 108 | 404 Sua] os] ML 0.0846
fp es
= Vacl ude. % Regulator
IS95] 6.4 0.0100 0.0 66
237 65 0.0049 0.048
16-49] Y% | 0.00307 0-035
6.49) 4. 00-0018 0.03)
Sy] 3.4 0 001g, 0-028
16.59 | 2-3 0-002 oo25
16.65 }2.y 0-001L 0.02]
16.911 0.9 | 0-00089 018
16.93] 0-9 | 0.d008q ‘ds
16.45] 9 | 0.00029 lors j Reg. No. Date: Experiment No. : feerrereh_faaara:
To éxamine “the fnput 4 oulpst fos of a
half wave siectifter.
¥ we find the oripp le factos.
# we abo find the voltage oregulation of a Fath enue — oleclifteon
a) without filler,
by with filter.
“10 chseave
| wave Steet fess,
Apparatus
Totansfeimer
Capacitors;
Bouad boowrd
Digital Voltnetay,
Connecting wows
Thensty :
the civttuit «of center
Dide pd, is forward bi dted
otoug h the load sterisosy Rs
Prroduens and output Vollage
tang.
Ideal Institute of Technology, Vidyutnagar, Kakinada
Experiment No. +
b, Fubl Mave Reclif tert
AIM: to oblain the — ead Stegqulation and alipplh. Jocloa
Ihe input 4 Oufput unve fdlmx of- a full
250VAC
loose
0-20) v (Ace
dc)
tb faenael: fava:
hy ting,
tapped Fall wave The
and Cconcduch that t+
«tence the — autetent
Acotoss the lead suric Chortle Piagoram 2 —
a) muithout filkers
|
220V,50HZ
Ac Supply
280 ¥ 5OHt
Ac Supply faenast: fagadra:
Experiment No. :
Reg. No. Date:
Parecedurte ¢
lL. Connections @te made
potirnasey, sida c the forainsfoormer to
fecondorry Side to tho vtectife
as pay the ccuit dia
2, Connect the
AC mons and the
input.
z a ed the muttimetey , mearwie the a.c Input
AC € DC Voltage at the
Voltage of the — stectifiest
outpt of the Suckifes,
te Find the Hesrilred! Value of de voltage by ou,
-flmuda .
Vdc = 2uay
TT
where Un = V2 Vims CVams = Ouffit AC voltage)
Ripple factor i calculated bey Wing the
s- Now the
Plmula vac output vollage Wace output voltage
Cad.
bt. by snereastng, the Value of the Stesishan tes fom Thal
to 10RD the voltane actooss the lead Cw) ond
swotent (1) follaving thorough toads axe Masoud
4. Rome a qroph Hw lend voltage WL) andl tend Cea
ent de) by tarng Yon x-axic and Ty on 47
a
Sheet No.
acts,
Ideal Institute of Technology, Vidyutnagar, Kakinada ol
0-04 0F
00966
0- 0954
0-9 WO
0-0943
0.0993
0.0999
0 099
0-0810
0-0080
Ripple facto “he Reg all
0.180 0-066
0.143 0.0490
O.8, 0.0403
0.082 0.0329
0-064 0-03(4
O-0F8f | 0.020)
0.0822 0-D259
o.0Suy 0-029
0-046 4 0-0233
.ousT 0.019
ee Reg. No. Date : Experiment No. : farerest: fazaga:
8. Fo10om the value of ne load Voltage (vy) the oh
stequiation to be calculated —forom the theosritical
Clute on quuen belay.
Result:
Hence the full voave stectifier With &£ without
spiltects core otestudied + otipple facth and pestceda. 4
qc of aaa bb Calalated. Reg. No. 226t fAOUs1 Date: Experiment No. : fererraxh: fagasra:
BEI characteniistics- CE Congiguralion
Aim: To obtain the Jnpit and output chariactearis tres
of O toansictor fm Ce tonfiquiation ond also determing
the fyporid — povtameters,
Appoviatus:
CN [Name of, Apporritzes Range oy |
BC to+ - ino
power Supply 0-200 2
Ammaeter 0-500)1fF éach
0-20 mA ae
Voltmeter o-2v
0-20V
Fook Ast RA
Bowed Boos ~
Resistoo}
“Theosty: \
A totansisler is @ 3-teotminal device. The teoimin
ols are emitter , base, collected? «In Corhmon émitter conf]
iqua ation + Emitter base — input voltage & applied Bho
base & Emitter teoiminals
ouffut is taken acoiwcs the Coll
ectoort Emitter testmtnaly , Therefore , Emitter, teotminal &
tonnected to both Input and Oulputs
The inp choviactesiistics viecembles that a
oowond Biased diode — arue. This is expected Cinta
the bioted Emitter function Of the transstoy & fal
(Sheet No.| 13,
Ideal Institute of Technology, Vidyutnagar, Kakinada nO seeaeeeenr ieee
Te 0-200) mn
+
(ver O20 vee =
_ (0-2) ¥
_
] Vee =2¥ i
No ce . Vee =-tov
Ver cv) Tg =4A Veccv) Tacma)
I. o. ° ol °
2. 0.2 Oo Or oO
3 03 oO OZ ° 0
4 Oy ° oy . 0
Se OS) oY" ; Oosy 2.4
6 OSR 04 Ob! 25
4. 0.53 6.1 “0.62. 22.04
8. OsY Lr 0.63 6.6 Reg. No. Date: Experiment No. : facet: fagavra:
biased ay compared to be CB aiotangement Ig incouases
tess siapidly with uge, Therefole input owtctante of CE
Ciottuit — is highur than that oF aac.
paecere
i) Input characteristics :
|b Connect the civteuit as peor Goreurt Piagram,
2. Fost plotting the Anput — chasjacteristics the ouput
voltage ce is BepE constant 1v and foo diff-
esunt values Of Vee . Note down the Value of Ts
3. Repeat the above steps by beeping Vee at 2u and
BV.
4. Tabulote atl the stead ings,
5. plot the Graph Bw Vee Ord Th on x 4 yanis atesp-
ecHvely. at Constant ve,
ii) output chastacteristics:
(connect the Coituit as pexy the Chat eutt Piagetian,
| 9. Foot plotting inp chasacteri clics the Oufpeat- voltage
Vee Is Kept constant at ty 4 [ot diffeownt values
of Vee:
3. Repeat the above steps by Keeping In at 59 ¢
1OOO1A
4. Tabulate the reacting’
5. plok the qoiaph Has Ye ON taxis £ Yrawis fol Conant’
Ideal Institute of Technology, Vidyutnagar, Kakinada’ {reo ] Oubpel chanactersstics:—
| apeaoon SiS toma)
Sno :
Ver) Tolman) Vee wl | Te(mp)
1 ' 5S CS ia
Bet : as
2 2 * Ls 13
; 3 3B
Bs 13. 5-
39 25, :
4 4q : ty
s 5 J[ 4 3. qe
s ‘ we cal am
_t
3. 2 a4 Goo
' i 49 (5 Experiment No. : fares!
pees
Porecactions«
t. While doing Expeotiment do not tcceed ratings of toanss
ttox . This may dead 40 damage ¢ toiansi dos.
2. connect voltmeter & Ammeter in looiuect polarities.
3. Donot Switch 05 the fower unless eu have checked
the cisicuit connections a8 peor the Céytuct Diagram.
H Hake dune that with Jelecting the ¢mitler:, base
4 Gollecté terminal, of the biansitte,
Result:
Hence the Input £ outpat- Chorarcteristis Of
toansistoyy = in Ce ton figuration is Studied, Reg. No.226r thoy yi Date :
BIT- CE amplifier
_faeneyt: favadry:
7 obtain the focecpreney owporse Of the Common \
Emrtteoy BIT almplificr. |
2. T Measwre the Voltage qtain and bandwidth of CE
Amplifics.
| Apporatus :
| we
| | Sno | Name of Appasjectins Range [Quantity
in Tstansistel (6 c—to7) I
2, Resistdis 1KO,4-7 Ast 1
KISHI OKA
Be Capacities loot, 4456 2,4
1
4. Bouod Boasd
ie Regulated pours: bpply | @-B0)V 0¢ 4
6} Function generation
+1° cro (too-200) #e 4
| tonnecting wires sequieed.
“Thensty $ the CE Am pli{tes| potourdes high ogpin &
wide pregency omjorse. The emittess lad u Ccommo
deal Institute of Technology, Vidyutnagor, Kakinada i issajou paktesns (x-¥ mode).
| phase measusement using Lissajou p
WWW
Alp fos =e to the veotlttal
signal gencsabes. ilp of cro
| freresh fears
Date Experime!
Yo both — input and output Cie ib and bs growndic
the Emitter bases cuseunt bs footwasd birted, FL oppores|
athe feonward biased — the Givrtuit which Cartier the
Collectors cuvtecent to decorease the Woltage mote ve. Thus
when ip cycle Varttes through the ve Ralp cycles incua-|
Ses alan Bias of the choicaeé:
Petocadwre :
Connect the CiettuiE as peor the Ciercutt Riogram.
2. Set the voltage — dowwrtes Vg = SoU (Sag) of ThA
J foeqprencey with — functten generator,
B. Keep th put voltage constant , vary the porequeney |
foom SOHE to LHe tn sreguly sleps ard rebe-|
down the Coctstesponding ofp voltage.
PA = output voltage
Tnput- Voltage (Us)
yr. Colulate voltage gen in dp by using voltage
| qain Ay (dp) = 2olog,,("°1 vs)
Is. plot the graph by taking Voltage gain ds) and
|
it He.
the bandwidth of the amplifcer ts taleulated
GreetNo] 297)
Ideal Institute of Technology, Vidyutnagar, Kakinada Coteedt Diagram J L
sone 2 f
Frreqprency Respore +
votloge qu?
dp) obseovalion t
Sno} Foleqyserey tua) | yy (voll Grain ~Volye | 610te Id) aton
aaah ea outer 40a a Md /
| [2 200 as 333 Bal
3, | 300 ob lo 20
4 | 400 ob to 20
5. 4h 06 10 20
‘ 3h oF lo 10
7. 6h 0-6 (0 20
3 tok 06 10 20
4. 406 0-6 lo 20
to. | 60k 06 lo 20
" 70k ob '0 20
12. 905 0.6 10 20
B 100 ob to 20
14 200k, 0-6 lo 20
s.| 3008 06 lo ed
6 Hook os 8.83 18-4)
| 500K 4 | Oy 16.49
i. 600k oy 0-64 Ib4g
400k oy bd 16-42
oo alie oss | be
ook 1 oy | | “48
000k | oy 0-64 | 4g
| 0-63 ie T 7b: Reg. No. Date : Experiment No. : faerest: fasagra:
foiom — the qieph using fre pownsion.
Band width BW = 4-f
whee ft, is Lowe 3 - dB fouquency:
4 (s Uppesi 3-dB fougueny.
Result «
thus the Calculation of band width of common
Emmi ttest amplepiest i done eoifectty,