SHS

DISASTER READINESS AND

RISK REDUCTION
Quarter 2 – Week 6
Module 6- Key Concepts, Principles, Elements and
Importance of DRR
DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION
Grade 11/12 Quarter 2 - Module 6- Key Concepts, Principles, Elements

and Importance of DRR

First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: JOREE T. THOMAS, TEACHER III

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D.

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D., CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D., EPS in Charge of LRMS

Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D., EPS in Charge of Science

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

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DISASTER READINESS AND
RISK REDUCTION
Quarter 2 – Week 6
Module 6- Key Concepts,
Principles, Elements and
Importance of DRR
 Target

Natural hazards are naturally-occurring physical phenomena caused by either

the rapid or slow onset of events having atmospheric, geologic and hydrologic origins.
Disasters often follow natural hazards and it is a result of the combination of
hazards, the conditions of vulnerability and of the insufficient capacity or measures
to reduce the potentially negative consequences of the hazard.

Disaster risk reduction or DRR is the concept and practice of reducing disaster
risks through systematic efforts to analyses and reduce the causal factors of
disasters. Moreover, it is a systematic approach used in identifying, assessing
and reducing the threats of disaster.

In your previous module, you have learned to ffollow fire emergency and
evacuation plans.

This module will provide you with information and activities that will help you
understand the key concepts, principles, elements and the importance of DRR.

After you read through this self-learning module, you are expected to:

⚫ Discuss the key concepts, principles, and elements of DRR (DRR11/12-IIg-h-

42)

⚫ Recognize the importance of DRR on one’s life. (DRR11/12-IIg-h-43)

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic.
Answer the pretest on the next page and write your answer in a
sheet of paper.

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 JUMPSTART

DRR is the conceptual framework of elements considered with the possibilities

to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society in order to prevent
or mitigate the adverse impacts of hazards within the broad context of sustainable
development.

In terms of disaster risk, Philippines ranked third among all of the countries
with the highest risks worldwide according to the World Risk Report of 2018. At least
60% of the country’s total land area is exposed to multiple hazards, and 74% of the
population is susceptible to their impact. This is largely due to the location and
geographical context as the risk involving coastal, geological, and
hydrometeorological hazards such as typhoons, storm surges, earthquakes and
volcanic eruptions are posing serious risks to the safety of the populace.

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Pre-Test

Direction: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct
answer.

Q1. Which of the following statements best describe disaster risk reduction or
DRR?
A. DRR is a strategic planning and procedure that is administered and
employed to protect critical infrastructures
B. DRR is an aid that provides children and families with emergency
and disaster relief support whenever disaster strikes.
C. DRR is an area of security planning that aims to protect an organization
from the effects of significant disastrous events
D. DRR is the process of protecting the livelihoods and assets of
communities and individuals from the impact of hazards.

Q2. During the term of former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, the Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 was enacted under what
republic act?
A. R.A. 10021 C. R.A. 12110
B. R.A. 10121 D. R.A. 20101

Q3. What systematic approach is being used by the government to reduce disaster
risks in order to mitigate the effects of natural hazards?
A. Disaster preparedness
B. Disaster readiness and risk reduction
C. Disaster risk reduction
D. Disaster risk management

Q4. If an engineer uses bioengineering techniques like natural nets, retaining walls
and major civil works to mitigate landslides, then he uses what sort of active
preventive intervention?
A. Deforestation C. Reforestation
B. Proper land use measure D. Structural measure

Q5. What active preventive intervention has been used if you conducted a seedling
planting activity to prevent mass movement of soil on steep slopes?
A. Deforestation C. Reforestation
B. Proper land use measure D. Structural measure

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 Discover

Historically, dealing with disasters focused on emergency response, but

towards the end of the 20th century it was increasingly recognized that disasters
are not natural as it was, perhaps due to global climate change. Since we cannot
reduce the severity of natural hazards, the main opportunity for reducing risk lies
in reducing vulnerability and exposure.

Addressing these underlying risk drivers will reduce disaster risk, lessen the
impacts of climate change and, consequently, maintain the sustainability of
development.

R.A. 10121 or the Philippine disaster management law makes sure that
policies and plans are in place to prepare communities for when disasters strike.
Hence, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council or NDRRMC
was established which is composed of various government, non-government, civil
sector and private sector organizations. Its task is to carry out programs that would
increase public awareness of risks and hazards, preparedness for effective response
and early recovery, as well as to promote self-reliance among the Filipino people.

DRR main goals are to mitigate the impacts of natural hazards and the
vulnerabilities of the society in order to safeguard the level of development
achieved. The key concepts of DRR to maintain a sustainable development of a
community despite the occurrence of natural hazards are the following:

A. GOVERNANCE - making disaster risk reduction a priority (e.g. integrating disaster

risk reduction into development policies, and planning);

Ensures that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority. In support
of Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), countries are urged to develop policies, laws,
and organizational arrangements, plans, programs, projects to integrate risk
reduction and allocate funds and resources to support the program.

B. RISK ASSESSMENT AND TAKING ACTION - improving risk information and

early warning (e.g. developing effective early warning systems which are
appropriately adapted to the unique circumstances of the people at risk);

Identifies, assesses and monitors disaster risks and enhances early warning
mechanisms. Early warning is to relay to individuals, groups or community the
messages which provide information such as the upcoming natural phenomenon,
existence of danger, preventive measures, and mechanisms to save lives and
property.

C. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT BY BUILDING UNDERTSANDING AND

AWARENESS - building culture of safety and resilience (e.g. including DRR
subject matter in formal, non-formal, and informal education, and training
activities);

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 Uses knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and
resiliency at all levels. It works on the principle that knowledge is important for
disaster reduction. Strategies includes provision of relevant information on disaster
risks means of protection, strengthening networks and promoting dialogue and
cooperation among disaster experts and stakeholders, conducting capability training
for teachers, community members, parents and children.
D. RISK REDUCTION - reducing the risks in key sectors (e.g. protecting precious
ecosystems such as coral reefs and mangrove forests, allowing these to act as
natural storm barriers);
Reduces the underlying risk factors by building local resilience in order to
protect school communities. These activities include relocating communities away
from hazard-prone areas, building school facilities strong to withstand impacts of
hazards, encouraging reforestation and protection of wetlands, implementation of RA
8749, RA 9003, PD 1185, PD 856, PD 1096, brigada eskwela and other mitigation
measures to protect key sectors of the nation.
E. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS - strengthening preparedness for response (e.g.
development and regular testing of contingency plans and regular disaster
preparedness exercises including evacuation drills which are also keys to
ensuring rapid and effective disaster response).
The goal of disaster preparedness is to lessen the impact of disasters on
vulnerable populations, to ready an organization for an influx of activity, and to
design a coordinated plan that reduces the waste of resources, time, and efforts.

Activity 1: WRITE IT DOWN

Direction: Using the table below, briefly discuss the meaning of the two systematic
approaches in dealing with disaster risk.

Disaster Risk Reduction Disaster Risk Management

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 EXPLORE

Guided with the key concepts of DRR in the previous section, the elements and
principles of disaster risk reduction involved the following phases:

Elements Principles

PRE – EVENT

Mitigation - measures taken in advance of a hazard that aimed of reducing its

impact on society and environment

a. Hazard / Risk Identification - develop, update and disseminate

Assessment hazard maps and related information to
decision makers, general public and
communicate at risks

b. Enforcement of zoning - land-use and building, fire codes

c. Integrating / Mainstreaming Disaster - incorporate in infrastructure

Risk Management construction, curriculum development
in education, provision of funds

d. Developing Early Warning Systems - risk assessment and mapping, put –

up early warning devices, ,
communication dissemination, and
establishing response capability

Preparedness – measures undertaken to prepare people to react appropriately

during an following such emergencies

a. Planning - make disaster management plans,

contingency plans, establish Incident
Command System (ICS), tap for mutual
aid arrangements

b. Advocacy - dissemination of information through

mass media, conduct DRR symposium,
and observance of disaster
consciousness month, etc.

c. Education and Training - deputize coordinators, conduct drills

and exercises, conduct community
training, tap accredited Civilian
Disaster Volunteers (SCDV)

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d. Resources - provide or tap manpower, materials,
methods, machinery and money

POST – EVENT

Response – measures undertaken immediately following an emergency aimed to

save lives and protecting properties

a. Early warning - provide timely and rapid

dissemination of warnings to
threatened communities or population

b. The “Golden Hour - act according to “the within which

most lives could be saved and injuries
Principle”
could be minimized”

c. Incidence Command System - put-up on-scene management of

disaster operation activities

Rehabilitation and Recovery - measures undertaken to restore affected

communities to proper or normal level of functioning to reduce vulnerability and
increased sustainability

a. Short term - restore necessary lifeline systems like

power lines, water access,
communication system, sewage,
transportation, etc.

- provision of food, shelter and clothing

- monitoring law and order

b. Long term - restoring economic activity and

development, rebuilding communities,
facilities, and reconstruction of
earthquake and typhoon proof
infrastructures to minimize future
hazard impacts

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Activity 2: THINGS TO DO

Direction: Answer the subsequent guide question in line with the elements of
disaster risk reduction.

“As a student, what should you do in the event of an earthquake”?

Mitigation measures

Preparation measures

Response measures

Recovery measures

DEEPEN

Philippines is known all over the world for its astounding natural wonders,
best beaches, as well as the beautiful smiles and hospitality of Filipinos.
Nevertheless, the country has suffered from an inexhaustible number of deadly
typhoons, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other natural disasters in history.

Annually, approximately 80 typhoons or tropical cyclone developed above

tropical waters. More tropical cyclone are entering the Philippine Area of
Responsibility (PAR) than anywhere else in the world with an average of 20
typhoons per year, with about 8 to 9 of them will make landfall or cross the
archipelago according to the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration (PAGASA).

Thus, recurring and devastating natural disasters have prompted the

Philippine government to developed Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
(DRRM) strategies to better prepare, respond, and recover. Moreover, public
awareness and public education is very important so that Filipinos will become
more self-reliant and resilient in the event of unforeseeable catastrophe.

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Activity 3: AMAZING THOUGHTS

Direction: Write a short essay in relation to the guide question that follows.

Is disaster risk reduction important to the civil society? Why? Explicate your
answer.

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Scoring Rubric

Needs Fair Good Excellent

Iimprovement
2 pts 3 pts 4 pts 5 pts
Ideas There is no You put thought The ideas and The ideas and content
and clear or specific into this but content is clear is clear and well
more specific
Content explanation in but some support expressed, including
information is
answer to the needed. information is specific examples to
question. inadequate. demonstrate what
have you learned.

Needs Fair Good Excellent

Improvement
2 pts 3 pts 4 pts 5 pts

Use of No terms from Only one term Your answer Your answer included
terms the lesson are from the lesson included several a lot of terms from the
used. is used in the terms from the lesson that applied to
answer. Try for a lesson, the question asked. All
few more, next demonstrating terms are fully defined
time. adequate and used in the
understanding of proper context.
the lesson.

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Activity 4: TEST YOUR VOCABULARY

Direction: Use a dictionary to help you complete the chart below. Fill the chart
with disaster related vocabulary. All of the words must begin with the letter of the
alphabet given. Ex. B - bushfire. Some letters may have many different answers,
while others may not have an answer.

A G M S

B H N T

C I O U

D J P V

E K Q W
N/A

F L R XYZ
N/A

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 Gauge

Direction: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
(15 pts)

1. Which of these DRR principles is undertaken promptly right after a disastrous

event occurred in order to save lives and properties?
A. Mitigation C. Rehabilitation
B. Preparedness D. Response

2. What approach should taken in advance to lessen the effects of natural disasters
to the community?
A. Mitigation C. Rehabilitation
B. Preparedness D. Response

3. On what course of action in the DRR principles should make the citizens ready
to respond in times of unforeseeable disaster?
A. Mitigation C. Rehabilitation
B. Preparedness D. Response

4. What mechanism should be utilized in the reconstruction of ruined buildings

and infrastructures into a more resilient establishments?
A. Mitigation C. Rehabilitation
B. Preparedness D. Response

5. If an engineer uses bioengineering techniques like natural nets, retaining walls

and major civil works to mitigate landslides, then he uses what sort of active
preventive intervention?
A. Deforestation C. Reforestation
B. Proper land use measure D. Structural measure

6. What sort of various hazard impacts will lead to the destruction and loss of vital
infrastructure like transport system, roads, bridges, and power lines?
A. Economic impact C. Physical impact
B. Environmental impact D. Socio-cultural impact

7. The first hand approach is the increasing focus of national DRR plans to prevent
impacts of disaster, the approach is gearing towards on what particular aspect?
A. An individual C. The community
B. The country D. The environment

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8. Which of the following statements best describe disaster risk reduction or DRR?
A. DRR is a strategic planning and procedure that is administered
and employed to protect critical infrastructures
B. DRR is an aid that provides children and families with emergency
and disaster relief support whenever disaster strikes.
C. DRR is an area of security planning that aims to protect an
organization from the effects of significant disastrous events
D. DRR is the process of protecting the livelihoods and assets of
communities and individuals from the impact of hazards.

9. Among the components or elements of disaster risk reduction, where does the
concept of “building back better” belong?
A. Mitigation C. Recovery
B. Preparedness D. Response

10. What active preventive intervention has been used if you conducted a
seedling planting activity to prevent mass movement of soil on steep slopes?
A. Deforestation C. Reforestation
B. Proper land use measure D. Structural measure

11. During the term of former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, the Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 was enacted under what
republic act?
A. R.A. 10021 C. R.A. 12110
B. R.A. 10121 D. R.A. 20101

12. Which among the following individuals is vulnerable during an emergency

evacuation or relocation?
A. A man with high fever C. A seven-year-old boy
B. A one eyed man D. A woman with fractured arm

13. Japan is more likely vulnerable to disaster than the Philippines because of
which demographic factor?
A. Age of population C. Population density
B. Distribution of population D. Population explosion

14. If the big one strikes in Metro Manila, mass casualty incident is apparent
because of what factor?
A. Age of population C. Population density
B. Distribution of population D. Population explosion

15. What systematic approach is being used by the government to reducee disaster
risks in order to mitigate the effects of natural hazards?
A. Disaster preparedness
B. Disaster readiness and risk reduction
C. Disaster risk reduction
D. Disaster risk reduction and management

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GAUGE:
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. C
11. B
12. C
13. A
14. C
15. C
A G M S
Avalanche, Gale, Gust Mudslide Storm, Sink Hole
Aftershock
B H N T
Blizzard Hailstorm, N/A Tornado,
Hurricane, Twister,
Heat Wave Thunderstorm,
Tsunami, Tremor
C I O U
Cyclone N/A Overflow N/A
D J P V
Drought Jolt Permafrost Volcano
E K Q W
Earthquake N/A Quake Whirlpool,
Whirlwind
F L R XYZ
Flood, Fire Lava Flow, Rain N/A
Lightning
Landslide
Activity 4: TEST YOUR VOCABULARY
JUMPSTART:
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5.C
ANSWER KEY
References

A. Books
Quebral, V. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Quezon City,
Philippines: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.

B. Online and Electronic Sources

Wingard, J. and Brandlin, A. (2013, October 10). Philippines: A Country

Prone to Natural Disasters. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/en/
philippines-a-country-prone-to-natural-disasters/a-17217404

Disaster Risk Reduction & Disaster Risk Management. Accessed on October

19, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.preventionweb.net/disaster-
risk/concepts/drr-drm/

Disaster Risk Reduction. Accessed on October 21, 2020. Retrieved from

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/special-themes/disaster-
risk-reduction/

Natural Disaster Risk Management in the Philippines: Reducing

Vulnerability. Accessed on October 22, 2020. Retrieved from https://open
knowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/8754?locale-attribute=en

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