12
Disaster
Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 5
Basic Concept of Hazard
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Basic Concept of Hazard
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education Secretary:
Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Authors: Cheryl A. Retio, Mark Anthony C. Mamon, Louise A. Ferrer, Emerina Clarisse R.
Bernante
Editor: Ma. Lanie A. Socorro, Ed.D.
Reviewers: Raquel M. Austero, Ph.D.
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Jennifer L. Tubello, Division EPS In-Charge of LRMS &
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12
Disaster
Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 5
Basic Concept of Hazard
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by
educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
at action@deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
(This module adheres to the learning competencies of the K-12 Curriculum. This
module helps the learners understand the basic concept of hazard based on the
principles and guidelines of disaster risk reduction and management. This
module is a useful learning material that provides the learning objectives,
pretest, lesson proper, enrichment activities, generalization, application,
assessment and additional activities)
For the learner:
(This module is created to give meaningful learning of the basic concept of
hazard through clear and comprehensive discussions about the concepts and
through engaging and relevant activities. This module also allows the learners to
reflect and apply disaster risk reduction and management in everyday life).
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you understand the Basic Concept of Hazard. This module provides discussions
and activities that will help you learn the concepts, ideas, and relevant
information about the lesson. This module emphasizes the guidelines, and
importance of disaster readiness, risk reduction, and management.
The module is all about the Basic Concept of Hazard.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define and cite examples of the types of hazards; and
2. explain the impact of various hazards on people and the environment.
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What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What is a hazard?
A. All hazards are natural disasters.
B. Something that requires control measure.
C. A purposeful assessment of the environment
D. Something that can cause harm or injury to a person/people.
2. Which of the following statements about disaster and hazard is correct? A.
All disasters are hazards.
B. All hazards are disasters.
C. All disasters are natural hazards.
D. All hazards are natural disasters.
3. What hazard can be both naturally caused and human-induced?
A. earthquake C. fire
B. flood D. both B and C
4. What hazard is classified as geologic?
A. blizzard C. storm surge
B. drought D. tsunami
5. Children undergoing stress debriefing are victims of what particular impact
of disaster?
A. economic impact C. psychological impact
B. physical impact D. socio-cultural impact
6. Which statement correctly explains hazard, disaster, and vulnerability? A.
Hazard is the only element for a disaster.
B. The elements of vulnerability are hazard and disaster.
C. The elements of a disaster are hazard and vulnerability.
D. The elements of a hazard are disaster and vulnerability.
7. Which of the following hazard is unlikely to occur in the Philippines?
A. blizzard C. liquefaction
B. hailstorm D. storm surge
8. What makes the Philippines a hazard-prone country?
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A. The country has five (5) active volcanoes
B. The Philippines is visited by an average of ten (10) tropical cyclones
annually.
C. Visayas and Mindanao are vulnerable to the movement of West Valley
Fault (WVF)
D. The Philippines is prone to tsunami because of the presences of
trenches and offshore fault lines.
9. Which of the following statements is correct about National Capital Region
(NCR) in connection with hazards and disasters? A. Only natural disasters
can happen in NCR.
B. Disease outbreak is only possible in NCR.
C. Storm surge can happen if a Super Typhoon passes by NCR.
D. NCR will not be affected by any hazards caused by volcanic eruption.
10.What hazard can affect agricultural crop production?
A. flood C. volcanic eruption
B. insect infestation D. All choices
11.A hazard is a situation where there is _________________.
A. Threat of natural calamity.
B. Threat for consequences of disaster.
C. Threat to property and lives from calamities.
D. Threat to buildings and residential properties of people.
12.Areas of cities that are subjected to significant natural hazards should be
used for which of the following? A. parks and golf courses
B. expensive family houses
C. restaurants and shopping malls
D. office buildings because they can withstand the effects of the hazard
13.Which of the following disease has been eradicated globally?
A. diarrhea C. tuberculosis
B. small pox D. all choices
14.What factor can influence the impacts of the hazard?
A. Atmospheric conditions
B. Human activities
C. The convection current of earth’s mantle
D. All choices
15.Which hazard can only occur in specific areas?
A. drought C. tornado
B. flooding D. typhoon
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Lesso
n 1 Basic Concept of Hazard
The Philippines is among the top countries most at risk or vulnerable to
disasters. Its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire makes it vulnerable to
earthquakes and volcanic eruption. The Philippines is also frequented by an
average of 20 tropical cyclones per year. Residential and industrial fires are also
common in Metro Manila and in the provinces. How do we prepare for these
natural hazards? How do we prevent tragedies such as fire and vehicular
accidents? How do we respond as a community against these threats? Always
remember that disasters come in the most unexpected time and place. Being
ready is always a necessity in all circumstances.
What’s In
In the last module, you learned about the basic concept of exposure and
vulnerability. Can you still identify the elements at risk or the elements exposed
to hazards? Can you recall physical, social, economic, and environmental
dimensions of vulnerability? Vulnerability can be assessed through the
population of concerns, gender concerns, health outcomes, health services,
water and sanitation, education, communication, transportation, and
environmental pressures.
With this module, you will be now learning the types and impacts of
various hazards.
Notes to the
Teacherto be careful in conducting actual
Remind your students
identification, assessment, and mapping of hazards. Remind them that
these hazards will be disasters if their potential threats or dangers really
take place having vulnerable
assets such as people or physical properties.
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What’s New
Activity 1. Potentially Dangerous
Directions: Recall your previous science subject, most especially Earth Science.
Complete Table 1 by describing the hazards listed in the first column, and its
possible effects. You can use separate sheets.
Table 1: Describing hazards and their possible effects
Hazards Description Possible Effects
1. Typhoon
2. Flood
3. Landslide
4. Sinkhole
5. Liquefaction
6. Earthquake
7. Volcanic Eruption
Answer the following questions:
1. What hazards listed in the table did you actually experience?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Describe the situation of the households and communities when these
hazards occur?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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What is It
Terminology: Hazard
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR),
formerly known as the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (UNISDR), define hazard as a dangerous phenomenon, substance,
human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic
disruption, or environmental damage. What is the difference between a hazard
and a disaster? A hazard has only the potential to cause destruction or negative
impacts to life and property, whereas a disaster is a hazard that already
occurred and already caused destruction and devastating impacts. In other
words, a disaster is a hazard that affected a vulnerable population or assets.
Classification of Hazards
Hazards can be classified into three main categories: Natural, Quasi-
natural, and Man-made Hazards.
1. Natural Hazards are naturally occurring phenomena or processes.
2. Quasi-natural Hazards are hazards that are outcomes of the interaction
of natural phenomena and man-made activities.
Example: smog or desertification
3. Man-made/Human-induced/Anthropogenic Hazards are those that
result from human activities and actions.
In other references, hazards can be classified into these three categories:
Natural, Technological, and Environmental Degradation.
1. Natural Hazards are naturally occurring phenomena or processes.
Natural hazards can be classified into three categories:
A. Geologic Hazards – are natural phenomena or processes that occur in
the Earth’s Crust.
Examples: earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions, mass movement
such as landslides and rockslides, subsidence, liquefaction.
B. Hydrometeorological Hazards – are atmospheric, hydrological, and
oceanographic natural processes or phenomena.
Examples:
- tropical cyclones: tropical depression, storms, typhoons, and
super typhoons
- hurricane
- floods and flash floods
- tornado
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- hailstorm
- thunderstorms
- drought
- blizzards
C. Biological Hazards – living things or substances from living things
that can cause illnesses and diseases or any harm.
Examples:
- outbreaks of epidemic diseases in humans, animals, and
plants - infestations
2. Technological Hazards – are man-made hazards caused by
technological, infrastructure, or industrial accidents or failures.
Examples: nuclear explosion, industrial pollution, vehicular accidents,
industrial explosions and fires, and collapse of buildings.
3. Environmental Degradation are processes caused or induced by human
activities or in combination with natural hazards.
Examples:
- deforestation, land degradation, loss of biodiversity
- land, water, and air pollution
- climate change
- ozone depletion
Types of Hazards
1. Slow onset hazards – are hazards that have early signs or indicators
before its occurrence.
2. Rapid or sudden onset hazards – are hazards that occur or strike
without any prior signs or warnings.
Impacts of Various Hazards
1. Physical Impact – death and injuries (casualties) of people, and
destruction or damages to properties and infrastructures.
2. Psychological Impact – psychological trauma, chronic anxiety,
depression, and other emotional and mental disorders.
3. Socio-cultural Impact – migration, alteration of traditional social
status, loss of cultural identity, ethnic conflicts, sexual abuse and
domestic violence, and changes in lifestyle.
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4. Economic Impact – loss of employment, livelihood and
property/land.
5. Environmental Impact – environmental contamination, loss of
forests and natural rivers.
6. Biological Impact – spread of epidemic diseases to people, flora
and fauna.
What’s More
Activity 2. Let’s Classify Hazards!
Directions: Identify the natural and man-made hazards that are common in our
community or country. Give at least five (5) hazards for each classification, then
explain their impacts to people and environment.
Table 2. Classification of Hazards
Hydrometeorological Impacts to People and Environment
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
Geological Impacts to People and Environment
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
Biological Impacts to People and Environment
1. 1.
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2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
Man-Made Impacts to People and Environment
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
Answer the following questions:
1. How do people can prepare for these hazards?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What can you learn from experiencing these disasters?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Activity 3. Knowing the Impact of Common Hazards
Directions: Imagine that your community, city or province will be affected by a
7.2 magnitude earthquake, flood, fire, and pandemic. Write down the various
possible impacts of these hazards in your community, city or province in Table 3.
You can use separate sheets.
Table 3. Impact of Hazards
7.2 Magnitude
Types of Impact Flood Fire Pandemic
Earthquake
1. Physical Impact
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2. Psychological Impact
3. Socio-Cultural Impact
4. Economic Impact
5. Environmental Impact
6. Biological Impact
Answer the following questions:
1. Of all the possible impacts of the hazards listed on the table, what do
you think is the scariest? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the ways on how you could cope up with the four disasters?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Activity 4. Hazard Hunt!
Directions: Be a detective in this activity. Try to assess your house or home.
Identify the hazards that can threaten your family. In Table 4, list all identified
hazards and give the necessary actions to prevent these threats to your family.
You can use a separate sheet in answering this activity.
Table 4. Identified Hazards and the Necessary Actions
Identified Hazards at Home Necessary Actions
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Ex. Broken Glass Windows in the Immediate repair or replacement of
Kitchen the glass panels
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
8. 8.
9. 9.
10. 10.
Answer the following questions:
1. Why is it important to identify hazards most especially in your house?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How does your family cope with these identified hazards?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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What I Have Learned
1. What is a hazard?
2. What are the classifications of hazards?
3. What are the impacts of various hazards?
What I Can Do
You already identified hazards or dangers that can threaten human and animal
lives, properties and the environment. Plan for information dissemination. How
are you going to inform your neighbors, other community members or barangay
officials about these hazards?
Directions: List at least five (5) ways on how you can inform other people about
hazards and their impacts.
1.________________________________________________________________________________
2.________________________________________________________________________________
3.________________________________________________________________________________
4.________________________________________________________________________________
5.________________________________________________________________________________
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What natural hazard can occur because of geologic and meteorological
processes?
A. storm surge C. tsunami
B. lava flow D. lahar
2. Which of the following is an environmental impact of hazard? A. Increase
in the number of endangered species.
B. Stability of flora and fauna.
C. Loss of cultural diversity.
D. Ecological Balance.
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3. Which statement best describes a hazard?
A. All hazards are due to the forces of nature. B. All hazards may cause
dangers or threats.
C. All hazards are disasters.
D. All hazards are man-made.
4. Malformations among new born babies caused by a chemical hazard are
what type of impact?
A. physical C. environmental
B. biological D. psychological
5. Which of the following parameters can measure the impact of a
technological hazard?
A. rainwater level C. magnitude and intensity
B. contamination level D. number of infected people
6. What are the categories of natural hazard?
A. hydrometeorological C. biological
B. geological D. all choices
7. What do you call the level of disease that already spread in several
countries or continents affecting or taking the lives of many people?
A. outbreak C. pandemic
B. epidemic D. endemic
8. Which of the following is a socio-cultural impact of hazards? A. grief and
depression. C. chronic illnesses.
B. loss of livelihood. D. ethnic conflicts
9. Increased salination of freshwater is what particular type of impact of a
hazard?
A. biological impact C. economic impact
B. environmental impact D. physical impact
10. What technological hazard is being monitored in the diagnostic
departments of hospitals?
A. Cyber terrorism.
B. Food poisoning.
C. Radiation exposure during pregnancy.
D. Cancer cells metastasize or spread in different tissues and organs.
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11. Which of the following is an anthropogenic hazard?
A. tsunami C. wildfire
B. earthquake D. chemical explosion
12. Which is NOT a natural hazard?
A. cyclone C. landslide
B. earthquake D. Mercury poisoning
13. Which of the following are the main classification of hazards and
disasters?
A. natural and human-induced
B. physical and chemical
C. physical and human-induced
D. social and cultural
14. What is the impact of a disaster once it disrupts the basic services of the
local government unit?
A. economic impact
B. environmental impact
C. political impact
D. all choices
15. What is a meteorological drought?
A. Deficit of rainfall more than 50 per cent of normal
B. Leads to reduction of natural stream flows or ground water levels.
C. Level in soil is insufficient to maintain average crop yields.
D. All choices
Additional Activities
Directions: Make a Family Disaster Reduction and Mitigation Plan. Think of a
disaster that always occur in your community. In a separate sheet, list ten (10)
actions that you will do as a family when this disaster happens. If there is a need
for evacuation, enumerate three (3) safe places in your area where your family
can evacuate.
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References
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Commission on Higher Education. 2016. Teaching Guide for Senior High School:
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction.
Department of Education. 2008. Disaster Risk Reduction Resource Manual (Safer
Schools Resource Manual. Retrieved from
http://psba.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2018/07/Disaster-Risk-Reduction-
Resource-Manual2008.pdf
Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources. 2017. Disaster
Readiness and Risk Reduction - Reader. Pasig City.
Parena Jr., J.S., & Ramos, J.D.A. 2016. Exploring Life through Science Series:
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc.
Quebral, V.S. 2016. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Cubao, Quezon City:
Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
United States Agency for International Development (n.d.). ASEAN Regional Risk
and Vulnerability Assessment Guidelines. Retrieved from
https://asean.org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/05/ASEAN-Regional-RVA-
Guidelines-final.pdf
United States Agency for International Development. 2011. Introduction to
Disaster
Risk Reduction. Retrieved from
https://www.preventionweb.net/files/26081_kp1concepdisasterrisk1.pdf
“Terminology - UNDRR.” 2015. Unisdr.Org. 2015.
https://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology.
Module. n.d. “Capacity Building in Asia Using Information Technology
Applications (CASITA) CONCEPTS OF HAZARDS, DISASTERS AND HAZARD
ASSESSMENT.” Accessed July 12, 2020. http://www.adpc.net/casita/course -
materials/Mod-2-Hazards.pdf.
“Understanding Disaster Risk | PreventionWeb.Net.” n.d.
Www.Preventionweb.Net.
https://www.preventionweb.net/risk.
“Definition of TYPHOON.” 2019. Merriam-Webster.Com. 2019.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/typhoon.
“Natural Hazards Test Questions - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision.” n.d. BBC
Bitesize. Accessed July 12, 2020.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxh4wxs/test.
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
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