EXERCISES

I. Rewrite the sentences:

1. The noise from the music club is loud, so the residents of the street cannot sleep
(because of)=>…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Mai has a stomachache because she ate a big dinner. (since)
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Volunteers have given out food and blankets to homeless people. (passive voice)
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Did the storm destroy the whole village? (passive voice)
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. People throw rubbish in the street. The street doesn’t look attractive
=> If……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6.There are so many billboards in our city. People cannot enjoy the view.
=>If……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. “They are doing an experiment”
=>He said that ………………………………………………………………………………………….
8.“You have to sign the paper again”
=> She told me that ………………………………………………………………………………………..
9.Kien said that he had missed the train.
=> Kien said “I …………………………………………”
10. She said that she was reading a science fiction book about life on Venus.
=> She said: “I …………………………………………………………………………………..”
11. Because it rained heavily, the road in front of my house was flooded. (due to)
=>…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. His room is untidy, so his mother is unhappy. (because)
=>…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
13. Global warming happens when there is too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. (causes)
=>…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
14. Noise pollution happens. There is a change in animals’ living pattern. (causes)
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………….
15. Radioactive pollution is very dangerous. It can cause abnormal growth. (since)
=>…………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. The area is uninhabitable. The Chernobyl nuclear accident happened. (made)
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………….
17. Fossil fuels such as coal or oil are burned. Acid gases are produced. (so)
=>…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
18. Acid rain is dangerous. Trees’ leaves are damaged. (because of)
=>…………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Leaves are damaged. The tree cannot get enough food energy to stay healthy. (because)
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………….
20. There are asthma, allergies and other respiratory illness when air pollution happens. (lead to)
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………….
21. Aquatic life suffers or dies because there is thermal pollution. (because of)
=>…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
22. Water in the Cau River becomes brown and has terrible smell because the waste water is released
from the paper mill in Thai Nguyen City. (so) =>………………………………………………………

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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
23.People use too much herbicide to treat weeds, so water in rivers, canals, lakes are extremely polluted
and has bad effects on people’s health. (because) =>…………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
24.Many fish in the river die due to the increased temperature of water. (because)
=>……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
25.Because plastic bags take so long to decompose, nearly all of them still exist in the environment today.
(so) =>…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
26.We are unable to see the stars in the sky. Light pollution occurs. (makes)
=>……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
27.Glass panels, windows, lawns and roofs make light pollution worse. They reflect both artificial and sun
light. (because) =>……………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
28.All sounds are not noise. Noise is any sound that is unwanted and goes beyond its certain limit, for
example, above 80 decibels. (because) =>……………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
29.More and more noise is created by modern civilization. It has now become a major environmental
pollutant, especially in urban areas. (so) =>………………………………………………………………….
30.Contamination in the air happens. There is acid rain which damages soil, vegetation and aquatic life of
the region. (causes) =>……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
31.Noise pollution is one of the major causes of stress and anxiety. People suffer from stress and anxiety.
(because of) =>……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
32.The oil spill resulted in the death of thousands of fish in this sea. (makes)
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………………
33.All the roads were flooded because it had been raining heavily. (due to)
=>………………………………………………………………………………………………………
34.Jimmy ate a lot of fast food, so he put on 10 kilograms within just two months. (because)
=> ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
35.My father got upset because I repeatedly left on the lights I was not using. (so)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
36.The contaminated drinking water caused the outbreak of cholera in the village. (due to)
=>……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
37.Human activity is to blame for many forms of pollution on earth. (result in)
=>……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
38. They don’t use this house very often. (used)
=>......................................................................................................................................................…….
II. Rewrite each sentence:
1. David had gone home before we arrived.
- After …………………………………………………………………………………….
2. We had lunch then we took a look around the shops.
- Before ……………………………………………………………………………………
3. The light had gone out before we got out of the office.

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- When…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. After she had explained everything clearly, we started our work.
- By the time …………………………………………………………………………….
5. My father had watered all the plants in the garden by the time my mother came home.
- Before ……………………………………………………………………………
III. Supply the correct tense form of the word in brackets
1.If he (give) …….. ………up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well again.
2. He (not, have) ……. …………..an accident if he had not been driving so fast
3.My father (work) ………………. in this factory for many years.
4. I can’t come to your party next day as I (work) …….. …………….on that day.
5.Don’t forget (lock) ….. ………the door before (go) ……. ……….to bed.
6. Before she (watch) ……………TV, she (do) ……………. her homework last night.
7. He has decided (go) ……………… to work in a school in a quite remote area.
8.They don’t mind (work) ….. ……………late to complete the task.
9. Radio waves (discover) ….. ……………by Heinrich Hertz.
10.After she (finish) …………………….. breakfast, she left the house.
11. If we (recycle) ……………….. more, we (help) ………………. the Earth.
12. Factories (not, dump)……………… waste into rivers if the government (fine) ….. ….them heavily.
13. If you (be ) ………………. the president, what you (do) ………………… to help the environment?
14.They get sick so often. If they (exercise) ……………….. more, they (be) ………… healthier.
15. Ngoc’s mother is unhappy. If Ngoc (tidy) ……. her room everyday, her mother (not, be) ………. so
upset.
IV. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. What’s a ______________? It’s a substance that contaminates something. (POLLUTE)
2. Scientists say that exhaust fumes are ______________ our city. (POISON)
3. Many seabirds were ______________ because of the oil spill. (DIE)
4. Waste from households will gradually ______________the lake. (CONTAMINATION)
5. Trees can’t grow here because the soil is too ______________. (POLLUTE)
6. That fierce storm left behind badly ______________buildings. (DAMAGE)
7. The ______________chemical waste is dumped into the river. (POISON)
8. Do you know what ______________cause air pollution? (POLLUTE)
9. The ______________fish are floating in the water. (DIE)
10. Don’t drink that water. It’s ______________. (CONTAMINATE)
11. The acid rain has caused ______________to the trees in this area. (DAMAGED)
12. If we ______________the air, more people will have breathing problems. (POLLUTION)
13. The soil becomes ____________because of the use of so many pesticides and fertilizers.
(CONTAMINATE)
14. ____________waste spills can contaminate groundwater. (INDUSTRY)
15. In many developing countries, water pollution is usually a leading cause of ____________. (DIE)
16.____________elements have been found in both ground and underground water sources. (POLLUTE)
17. Fish and many other animals are killed by ____________in their habitat. (POLLUTE)
18. Astronomers are concerned about light pollution because they have ____________ in viewing
activities in the sky and outer space. (DIFFICULT)
18.____________habitats have been destroyed in recent years. (NATURE)

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19. A number of cleaning products contain ____________chemicals. (HARM)
20. Water samples collected at these villages were seriously ____________with bacteria.
(CONTAMINATE)
21. People believe that the ____________water has brought cancer to the local residents. (POLLUTE)
22. Light pollution makes us ____________to see the stars in the sky. (ABLE)
23. Noise is considered as ____________ pollution. (ENVIRONMENT)
24. These whales were found ____________ one week ago, and the cause of their ____________ has not
been known yet. (DIE)
25. Plastic waste has entangled many marine creatures and ____________ their population.
(REDUCE)
26. The river has been ____________ with toxic waste from local factories. (POLLUTE)
27. A lot of trees have been cut to make way for this new ____________ area. (RESIDENT)
28. After the flood, there was a(n) ____________of cholera in the region and the underlying cause was
linked to foods consumed that failed to meet the minimum hygiene standards. (BREAK)
29. You can have a say for our ocean by ____________this project. (JOIN)
30. Marine life is being ____________due to the huge amount of plastic waste dumped into our sea every
day. (THREAT)
31. This factory has pumped ____________sewage into the sea, causing masses of fish to die in the past
two months. (TREAT)
32. My uncle doesn’t want to live in the city center, because he cannot stand too much artificial lighting.
He prefers country life where at night he can have peace and quiet with ____________moonlight.
(NATURE)
33. Trucks _________________tons of garbage here every day. (DUMP)
34. My aunt lives in Kellyville, a big suburb of Sydney. It’s a nice, peaceful and green
_______________area. (SUBURB)
V. Match the words with the definitions
1. chat room a. An online discussion group in which you can leave message or post
questions
2. multimedia b. a phone that uses a telephone line for transmission
3.Landline phone c. A device with a touch screen with function similar to computer, a digital
camera, and a GPS device, in addition to a phone
4.Smart phone d. People join this Internet area to communicate online. The conversations
are sent immediately and are visible to everyone there
5.Message board e. Multiple forms of communication on a computer including sounds, videos ,
video –conferencing, graphics, and texts
VI. Complete the sentences with the future continuous
1. …………….... he still (sleep)………… this time tomorrow? -
No he (study)……………………. in the library.
2. She’s now in Ho Chi Minh city but she (have)…………………..…a holiday in Da Nang at the end of
this month.
3. They (eat)………………....… dinner at 8 p.m
4. …… she (stay)………………. in her classroom during the break today? - Yes, she (write)
………………… an email to her friend.
5. Mona says the children (play) ………….…… ……….in the garden when you arrive.
6. This time next year Phuc (learn)……………………… a new language

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