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Electromc Controller for Electnc Vehlcle ”muuuyylujyyymu

2. Background ofthe invention:

5 a) Field of invention and use ofinventibn:
This invention relates to the reduction of pollutants from
Petro/Diesel operated vehicles. Various electric motors have been used as
the propulsion system of electric vehicles, but the BLDC motor
plays a
major role in the propulsion system. This invention holds a speed controller
10 to regulate the speed of the vehicle. A closed loop sensor based control is
designed to control the speed.

b) Description of related art / Prior art of state:

US9101817B2 Self-stabilizing skateboard
15 A type of self-balancing electronic vehicle which features phase that is
a
C situated at plate. To identify whether an electric vehicle, a mechanical button
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1: or an optical switch in the anti—plateface is used. If a bicyclist's weight is
(B
0 removed off button or switch, the electric machine controller can slow
a
SE
0 down the motor, causing the plate to halt This, however, is a reality. In
0
Q. 20 ,‘ technology, there is a bicycling detection system that is confined to just
(I) {caching and having bicyclist inspection in each foot pan portion of the plate
I...
O Survey switch. As a result, bicyclists may elevate one foot partially to
(D
d) maintain balance and accidentally hélt the plate. The biker, on the other hand,
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may not be able to think in such a way that the plate stops easily.
n. 25
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U810351121B2 Electric motorcycle, vehicle controller and vehicle
C. control method
d)
In certain circumstances, a motor output is modified depending on
E
S information other than a driving order in an electric vehicle that creates
.N 30 driving power by actuating a motor lusing electric power provided from a
In
[x battery. For example, there is a technique that shifts the electric vehicle to an
[s
‘- output limiting mode for limiting a motor output for a specified time to
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Vl' prevent a temperature of a motor and~a temperature of an inverter from rising
N to excess when these temperatures exceed their allowable ranges, a technique
N
O 35 that shifis the electric vehicle to an output limiting mode for limiting a motor
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0‘) output by limiting a battery output for a specified time to protect the battery,
N .

O and a technique that shifis the electric vehicle. When a state value such as the
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 motor temperature, the inverter temperature, the battery temperature, or the
battery voltage is restored to fall within its allowable range after thé electric
40 vehicle shifts to the output limiting mode, it is controlled to return from the
output limiting mode to the normal mode.

Objectives of Invention:
o The object of this invention ismaintaining the constant speed of the
45 vehicle while travelling either with load or without load.
0 The brushless direct current motor_ driven rotating niechanism is
employed in the invention.
. The electronic
‘
throttle is given as input for the closed loop sensor based
control.
50 0 Another objegt of this invention is that the user can increase or decrease
the speed as per the requirement and the motor will run at the user
specified speed.

d) Brief summag of the invention:

Specification

55 The proposed invention comprises a motor, controller, power supply,

charger and drive train. Controller is the main part of an electric vehicle, and
it is the key factor to operate the electric vehicle at a high performance with
Of an optimal balance of maximum speed, acceleration performance, and
travelling ra'nge per charge. The controller in this invention eliminates the
Pages
60 problem of variation in speed with respect to change in load. The invention
will help the vehicle to maintain constant speed irrespective of the loading
condition of the electric vehicle. The following components are used in the
invention, hall sensor, current sensor, Arduino along with the hardware setup.
At first the speed of the vehicle is calculated using the hall sensor. That speed
65 is compared with the output of the throttle in, if both the speeds are equal or
not at Arduino bdard. If it is not equal the Arduino sends a signal to increase
the PWM excitation.

Detailed description of the invention:

70 A BLDC motor’s construction and operation are very similar to AC
27-Jan-2023/9023I202241017752IAmehded

induction mbtors and brushed DC motors. Like all other motors, BLDC
motors also consist of a rotor and a stator, which can be seen in. Our
invention is used to maintain the speed as given from the throttle. After the
vehicle started to move the speed of the vehicle is compared with the actual

2
 signal generated from the throttle. In‘the Arduino some predefined speed is
I

75

incorporated in it. If the speed of the vehicle does not match with the
predefined speed the excitation for the motor speed is re altered and
increased. This speed variation is due to the passengers’ weight in the
vehicle. The current sensor is used hereto measure the current drawn by the
80 motor from the battery. When the current drawn by motor from the battery
reaches maximum the speed of the vehicle becomes constant. The speed will
change after the decrease in current taken by the motor.

The speed variation in the BLDC motor is due to the variation of

passenger’s weight or due to the weight of the object / component in the
85 electric vehicle. The hall sensor is used to sense the rotor position of the
BLDC motor that is used to obtain the actual speed of the vehicle running at
that moment based on the load applied in the vehicle. This hall signal is sent
' to the Arduino as the actual value. The reference signal is sent from the
Electronic throttle. The electronic throttle in electric vehicle is the one
90 where the acceleration signal is sent through the hall sensor present inside
Specification
the throttle.

The Arduino is the controller where the error signal is converted to the
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal. The error signal obtained by
comparing the required speed from electronic throttle with the actual speed
Of
95 from the motor. The pulse width mddulation signal value varies from 0 to 1.
The pattem for converting the error signal to pulse width modulation signal
Pages

is predefined inside the controller. Based on the error signal it gives the
PWM signal to the switch present in the inQerter pircuit.

The inverter will convert the regulated DC to variable AC source. The

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100 input for the inverter is fed from battery source. The inverter consists of six
MOSFET switches. The PWM signal from Arduino is used as the control
signal for MOSFET. The variable AC output supply is obtained by the
PWM signal fed to the inverter circuit. The controlled AC obtained from the
inverter is fed as the input for BLDC motor, thus in turn the motor will run
105 at the required speed. By this the vehicle runs at the required speed
irrespective of the load applied in it:
27-Jan4-564243I9023I202241017752/Amended
: PROTOTYPE

1) Description of dlagram‘
,
.
This inVention is illustrated with _the help of the accompanying drawing Figure l.
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Figurel: - ~

Figlre 1 shows the block diagram of the proposed system.

P'a'gésjdit

PRINCIPAL
Techllgfiogy‘
Ramcu Institute at-
Rajapamyam 6

2Nan'2‘023'9d25’12-°22417d17752/Afiwehd-éd

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