Bulk Carrier Derbyshire

AIM
To learn about loading and unloading of Solid Bulk Cargo.

Objective
To understand the hazards of bulk cargo Use of IMSBC Code Planning, Loading, Carriage and Unloading of Grain bulk cargo.
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Hazards of Bulk Cargo

Structural

Stability

Chemical
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Hazards of Bulk Cargo

Structural
High density

SF/BM
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Bulk cargo must be properly distributed through the ship in order to provide adequate stability and to ensure that the structure is never overstressed.

 Detailed information should be provided for the loading of high density cargoes (SF 0.56m/t)

High Density Cargo

When loading a high density solid bulk cargo , particular attention shall be paid to the distribution of weights to avoid excessive stresses, taking into account that the loading conditions may be different from those found normally and that improper distribution of such cargo may be capable of stressing either the structure under load or the entire hull.

Deformation of localized structures due to excessive loading of cargo hold

Asymmetric Distribution

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Structural Damage due to Cargo discharging Operation

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12

SF & BM
Before a solid bulk cargo is loaded or unloaded, the master and the terminal representative shall agree on a plan which: (i) shall ensure that the permissible forces and moments on the ship are not exceeded during loading or unloading, and (ii) shall include the sequence, quantity and rate of loading or unloading, (iii) taking into consideration the intended speed of loading or unloading, Intended number of pours and the deballasting or ballasting capability of the ship. The plan and any subsequent amendments thereto shall be lodged with the appropriate authority of the port State.
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and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

the entire loading procedure is animated

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

easeacon loading computer systems

the entire loading procedure is animated

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

the entire loading procedure is animated

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings

the entire loading procedure is animated

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

the entire loading procedure is animated

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

watch the development of all critical values

the entire loading procedure is animated

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

watch the development of all critical values

the entire loading procedure is animated

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

watch the development of all critical values

the entire loading procedure is animated

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

watch the development of all critical values

easeacon loading computer systems

the entire loading procedure is animated

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

watch the development of all critical values

the entire loading procedure is animated

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

the entire loading procedure is animated

monitor the key parameters change

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

watch the development of all critical values

the entire loading procedure is animated

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

watch the development of all critical values

the entire loading procedure is animated

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings

the entire loading procedure is animated

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

watch the development of all critical values

the entire loading procedure is animated

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings

the entire loading procedure is animated

monitor the key parameters change

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings

the entire loading procedure is animated

monitor the key parameters change

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

and the hull is subjected to load forces

keep an eye out for warnings as the cargo is loaded

did you get it all? dont worry, it will come around again

Hazards of Bulk Cargo

Structural

Stability

Chemical

Load Density

SF/BM Shift of G

Wet Shift

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Hazards of Bulk Cargo

Structural

Stability

Chemical

Load Density

SF/BM

Chemical Reactions

Spont.Ign ition

Initial GM

Shift of G

Dry Shift

Wet Shift
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Wet Shift

Nickel ore

Nickel concentrate

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Moisture Migration
Moisture migration means the movement of moisture contained in a cargo by settling and consolidation of the cargo due to vibration and ships motion. Water is progressively displaced, which may result in some portions or all of the cargo developing a flow state.
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Moisture Content
"moisture content" means the amount of moisture present in a particular sample expressed as a percentage by weight of the total wet weight of the sample;
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TML (Transportable Moisture Limit) the maximum moisture content of the cargo which is considered safe for carriage in ships. "transportable moisture limit" means 9/10ths of the flow moisture point;
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Flow State
Flow state means a state occurring when a mass of granular material is saturated with liquid to an extent that, under the influence of prevailing external forces such as vibration, impaction or ships motion, it loses its internal shear strength and behaves as a liquid.
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FMP (Flow Moisture Point)

Flow moisture point means the percentage moisture content (wet mass basis) at which a flow state develops under the prescribed method of test in a representative sample of the material
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Onboard Test
Half fill a cylindrical can or similar container (0.5-1 litre capacity) with a sample of cargo. Take the can in one hand and bring it down sharply from a height of about 0.2m to strike a hard surface such as a solid table. Repeat the procedure twenty-five times at one or two second intervals. Examine the surface for free moisture or fluid conditions. If free moisture or a fluid condition appears, make arrangements to have additional laboratory tests on the cargo conducted before it is accepted for loading. 45

46

MC

> TML

Cargoes with moisture content more than TML may be accepted for loading on specially constructed or fitted cargo ships .

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specially constructed or fitted cargo ships

Shall have permanent structural boundaries, so arranged as to confine any shift of to an acceptable limit. The ship concerned shall carry evidence of approval by the administration.
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Hazards of Bulk Cargo

Structural

Stability

Chemical

Load Density

SF/BM Shift of G

Wet Shift

Dry Shift
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Dry Shift Cohesive Non Cohesive

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 Angle of Repose

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Angle of Repose
It is the maximum slope angle of non cohesive (ie Free flowing) granular material. It is the angle between a horizontal plane and the cone slope of such material

Angle of Repose

Angle of Repose
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High AOR or Cohesive Cargo

Permanent List

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Free movement (Free Surface)

AOR Low

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BULK CARGO

COHESIVE

NON COHESIVE

Trimming of Bulk Cargoes

AOR 30 Deg

30< AOR 35

AOR > 35
note 55

Non-cohesive bulk cargoes having an angle of repose less than 30 degrees should be carried as per grain cargoes
If necessary, free surface must be secured Trimming is essential

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Trimming of Non-cohesive cargo

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30 AOR 35

Shall not exceed B/10 , maximum 1.5m

B = the beam of the ship in 58 meters

AOR > 35

Shall not exceed B/10 , maximum 2.0m

B = the beam of the ship in 59 meters

Class 4.1 Class 4.2 Class 4.3 Class 5.1 Class 6.1 Class 7 Class 8 Class 9 MHB

Classification of materials possessing chemical hazards

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IMDG
Should have a special list or manifest setting forth the dangerous cargo and their location. Appropriate information for use in emergency response to accidents and incidents in the case of dangerous cargo. Should have a DOC when transporting Group B except for MHB.
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Shippers Declaration
BCSN IMO Class UN No Total Quantity S/F Trimming Procedure AOR For cargoes which may liquefy Inform of a cert MC /TML Any other relevant information
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IMSBC code

The Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes (BC Code) has been revised, updated and re-named the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code (IMSBC Code). It is mandatory under SOLAS from 1 January 2011
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Groups
A = Cargoes which may liquefy B = Cargoes which posses a chemical hazard C = Cargoes which are neither liable to liquefy nor to possess chemical hazards.

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IMSBC Code Supplement

BLU Code BLU Manual MSC Circulars
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Group Activity
Find the characteristics and other information(related to loading) of following cargoes from the IMSBC Code. 1. Copper Concentrate SF 0.47m/t (single

2. Sodium Nitrate and Potassium Nitrate UN 1499 commodity)

3. Sodium Nitrate UN 1498 and Copra (Dry) UN 1363 (two commodities to two consignees)
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