India - Transport and communication
Transport;
* Movement of goods, services, information and materials from
one place to another is called "Transport”
* The role of transport in the economic development of our
country is significant.
* Areas of Agriculture, Industries, Mining, Forestry, Fisharies, Diary
farming etc., are closely linked with the markets through the
transport. Hence for speedy economic development fast transport
systems are necessary.
Types of Transport;
(1) Road Transport
(2) Rail Transport
(3) Air Transport
(4) Water Transport
Road Transport
* India is a country of villages and the main occupation is Agriculture.
* Roads are very important for the development of villages and
Agriculture.
* Agricultural produce by farmers sent to market through road ways.
* Essential commodities required by the villagers are transported with
the help of roads.
* Road transport feeders railways.
Classification of Roads;
• National high ways
• State high ways
• District Roads
• Village Roads
National high ways
* The Highways connect various state capitals, major ports and
Industrial cities.
* The construction and maintanance is the responsibility of the
Central government.
* India has a total of 70,934 KMS national high ways.
* Construction and maintanance is made by NHAI – National high
way Authority of India in 1989.
* The No.1 National high ways link major cities of India with
capital of Neighbouring countries.
EX – Lahore - Amristsar – Delhi – Agra.
* IInd grade National High ways links with the capitals of various
states and ports.
EX - Varanasi –Kanyakumari - No.7 - 2343 kms is one of the
longest highway of the country
Highest Road in the world ; Kulu-Manali and Leh is at a height of
4267 meters.
Golden Quadrilateral And Corridor Project
* This project has 4/6 line roads with the length of 15,000 kms.
National high way
* This project was started in 1999 at a total cost of Rs 54,000 cores.
* This is the largest project taken up during a period by any country in
the world.
Corridor Roads
* These roads connecting from East to west and from North to South.
* These roads enable transport of goods at a minimum cost and
shortest time.
* The Golden Quadrilateral highway links the Major Metropolitan cities
of the Country.
Ex - Delhi – Mumbai - Bangalore – Chennai - Hyderabad and Kolkotta.
Problems of Road Transport
1. Many village and District roads become unfit for transportation
during the rainy season.
2. Road transport is the cause of environmental Pollution, density
of vehicles and accidents.
3. Roads are subjected to severe wear and tear to rain, floods and
cyclones every year .
4. Construction and Management of National and State highways
is in adequate.
5. Scarity of the basic needs along the road side.
Major Ports
* Kandla, Mumbai, Marmagoa, New Mangalore Port, Kochi,
Tuticorn, Chennai, Vishakapatnam, Paradeep, Kolkata, Haldia.
Kandla :- It it in Gulf of Kachchh.
Mumbai :- It is in the State of Maharashtra Navasheva and
Mumbai port. Mumbai Port is called “Gate Way of India”
Marmagoa :- It is in Goa state.
New Mangalore Port: It is in Mangalur (Karnataka)
Kochi :- It is in Kerala
Tuticorn :- It is in Tamilnadu.
Chennai :- It is in Tamilnadu. It is the oldest Port of India.
Vishakapatnam:- It is in Andhra Pradesh, It is a natural port.
Paradeep:- It is in Odissa. Recently developed port.
Kolkota:- it is in West Bengal. It is a natural port. It is called as
"Tea port of India“.
Haldia:- It is in West Bengal. Newly developed to over come
the problems of Congestion at Kolkota port.
International Airports
AAI - Airport Authority of India is established in 1955 to look after the management of Airport.
* There are 11 international Airports and 115 Domestic Airports in India.
International Airports;
1) Mumbai (Sahara and Santacruz)
2) Delhi (Indiragandhi)
3) Kolkatta (Subhash Chandra Bose)
4) Chennai (Anna Or Meenambakkam)
5) Bangalore (Kempegowda)
6) Hyderabad
7) Ahmedabad
8) Panaji
9) Amritsar
10) Gowhati
11) Tiruvananthapuram.
* All National highways and corridors provide links to these airports.
Communication
* The method of reaching a large number of people at the same time is called
“Mass Communication”.
EX – Newspaper, Radio, Television etc..,
Types of Communication;
• Posts
• Newspaper
• Radio
• Television
• Satellites
• Computer Network
• Internet
• E - Mail
• Mobile phones & Telephones.
Importance of Communication
• People can learn about the various incidents of different
places.
• Aware of the policies of the government.
• Educating the people regarding Agriculture, industry etc..,
• It has become the fundamental requirement of trade and
Commerce.
• Utilized to strengthen the Unity, integrity and stability of the
County.
Geographical Information System (GIS)
* The system can collect the information, accumulate and
enable use when required, modify and show the data of the
earth's surface is called GIS.
* It was first established in Canada in 1960.
* GIS is a Computer base system which can accumulate and
Interpret the data on the earth's surface.
USES OF GIS ;
* More attractive and give accurate information.
* Various types of geographical Social and economic
information can be easily analysed and models can be
constructed.
* Used to give advance information regarding Weather
Phenomena.
* Maps can be created very fast without the need of a
Cartographer in a very short time and even maps can be
modified.
GPS - Global Positioning System
* Main objective of GPS is to indicate the location of a stationary or
moving object or person through pointing out the latitude, Longitude
and height above the sea level.
* GPS technology works based on the information sent by the
satellite.
Method of Working of GPS;
* GPS systems involves more than 20 artiificial satellites launched and
Managed by USA.
* These Satellites revolve around the earth constantly.
* Each Satellite is equipped with powerful Cameras, an accurate clock
powered by Solar heat and information transmitting antenna.
* The information sent by these satellites can be received by a
receiver of any individual and analysed to indicate the actual
position of that person.
* Based on the information obtained from Satellite, the distance
between the individual and satellites is accurately calucated and
the location of the person to the exact latitude, longitude and
height above the sea level is given.
* Because of this, the GPS is also called “Path finder”
* Gps is important from the point of view of national Security.
* India has launched its own severel Satellites to have its own local
GPS. It is called as “Navik”.
USES OF GPS
* Useful in assessing the geographical position of natural
calamities.
* It is helpful for trackers to know the exact location and
routes.
* Soldiers, Pilots, Fishermen and Sailors use GPS to follow
correct path and direction.
* Transport authorities also use GPS to manage the movement.
* It is the lifeline for many services at their door in the cities.
* GPS shows path to google maps.
Remote Sensing Technology
* It gathers information about distance with out physically
touching the objects. This is called “Remote Sensing”.
* Arial and Satellite photos are from the remote sensing.
* Time, accurate and reliable information pertaining to that
period can be obtained.
* This is a fast, low-cost information collection system
compared to geographical Survey.
* The information gathered by these can be easily analysed
using computers.
* Images can be obtained regarding climate and disturbances
in the geographical features.
* Studies related to natural calamities like typhoons, cyclonic
storms, floods etc.., can be taken up with the help of remote
sensing Pictures.
* The images is significant in analysing the natural resources
like land use, forest area, water bodies, residential areas,
distribution of crops, land erosion, coast etc..,
ASSIGNMENT
1. What are the problems of Road Transport in India?
2. Golden Quadrilateral and Corridor projects are
economically important. Why?
3. Mention the importance of communication.
4. What are the uses of Geographical Information System
(G.I.S)? 5. List out the major ports of east coast and west
coast of India separately.
6. What is the role of Road Transport in the economic
development of a country?
7. What are the uses of Global Positioning System (G.P.S)?
8. Remote Sensing technology is very useful. How?
