EXPERIMENT – 4

Aim : To analyse the given salt of acidic and basic radical.

Preliminary Investigation
Physical state : Solid
Colour : white (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+,Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+ absent)
Odour : Ammonium smell ( NH 4 may be present)
Solubility : Soluble in water
Flame Test : No characteristic flame (Cu2+, Ca2+, Ba2+,Sr2+,Pb+2 , Zn2+absent)

(A) Identification of Acidic Radical

a- Preliminary test:
Experiment Observation Inference
1 Salt solution + dil H2SO4 solution No gas is evolved Group A anion
(CO 2-
3 , CH 3COO- , NO - 2 , SO32- , S 2- , absent )
2 Salt + Conc H2SO4 + Heat Colourless gas with Group B anion (Cl- may be)
Bring a glass rod dipped in NH4OH pungent smell which
gives dense white fumes
of NH4Cl

(b) Confirmative Test:

Experiment Observation Inference
1 AgNO3 test : Salt Solution + Curdy white ppt Cl- confirmed
AgNO3.
Dissolve the ppt in NH4OH White ppt soluble in
NH4OH
2 Chromyl chloride Test: Reddish orange gas Cl– confirmed
a) Salt + Solid K2Cr2O7 (1:2) is evolved
+ conc. H2SO4 + Heat
b) Pass these vapour through Solution be comes
NaOH yellow
c) Add acetic acid and lead Yellow ppt of lead
acetate to yellow solution chromate is formed.

Identification of Basic Radical

Preliminary Test:
Experiment Observation Inference
1 Salt solution + NaOH + Smell of Ammonia Zero group (NH4+)
Heat May be
2 Place a red litmus on the Red litmus turns
mouth of test tube blue
Confirmative Test:

Experiment Observation Inference

1 Nessler Test: Salt solution + NaOH + Reddish brown ppt is NH4+ Confirmed
Nessler’s reagent formed
2 NaOH Test : Salt Solution + NaOH + Heat Smell of NH3 NH4+ Confirmed

Bring a glass rod dipped in dil HCl white dense fumes of

NH4Cl are formed

Preliminary Test :
→(NH 4 )2 SO4 + 2HCl
Heat
2 NH 4Cl + H 2 SO4
NH 4OH + HCl → NH 4Cl + H 2O
(White dense fumes)

CLASS- XII CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL 4

Confirmative Test :
AgNO3 test NH 4Cl + 2 AgNO3 → 2 AgCl ↓+ NH 4 NO3
(Curdy white ppt)
AgCl  NH 4OH 
[ Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 ] Cl  2H 2O
(Diammine silver (I) Chloride)
Chromyl Chloride Test :
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 
 K2SO4+2Cr2O3 + H2O
2NH4 + H2SO4  (NH4)2SO4+ 2HCl
CrO3  2 HCl 
 CrO2Cl2   H 2O
(Vapour )
CrO2Cl2  4 NaOH 
 Na2CrO4  2 NaCl  H 2O
(Sodium Chromate (Yellow Solution)
dit.
Na2 CrO4  Pb(CH 3COO) 2  PbCrO4  CH 3COONa
CH3COOH
(Lead Chromate)
Chemical Reaction for Basic Radical
Preliminary Test :

NH 4Cl  NaOH 
 NaCl  H 2O  NH 3 
NH3+ Red litmus ----- Litmus turns blue
Confirmative Test :
Nessler’s Test : K2HgI4  2KI+ HgI2
HgI2 + NH3 
 NH2 HgI + Hl
2NH2HgI + H2O 
 NH2 +NH4I
/
Hg
\
O
/
Hg
\
I (Iodide of millon base)
NaOH Test :
NH4Cl + NaOH 
 NaCl + H2O + NH3 (g)
NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl
(Dense white fumes)

Result : The given inorganic salt contains

Acidic Radical Cl–
Basic Radical NH4+

CLASS- XII CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL 5

 EXPERIMENT – 5
Aim : To analyse the given inorganic salt for acidic and basic radical.
Preliminary Investigation
Physical state : Solid
Colour : Creamish white (Cu2+, Co2+,Ni2+ Fe2+ , Mn2+ Fe3+absent)
Odour : No characteristic odour ( NH 4 , S2- ,
CH3COO- absent)
Solubility : Soluble in water
Flame Test : Dull Bluish white flame is obtained (Pb2+may be)
(A) Identification of Acidic Radical
a- Preliminary test:
Experiment Observation Inference
1 Salt solution + dil H2SO4 solution No gas is evolved Group A
(CO 2-
3 , CH 3COO- , NO - 2 , SO32- , S 2- , absent )
n -
2 Salt + Conc H2SO4 + Heat Brown Colourled gas Group B (NO3 may be present)
(NO2) is evolved
(b) Confirmative test:
Experiment Observation Inference
1 Diphenyl amine test : Deep blue coloured NO3- - confirmed
salt + Concn H2SO4 + diphenyl amine solution
2 Ring Test : Brown ring is formed at NO3- - confirmed
Salt + Freshly prepared FeSO4 + Concn the junction of two liquids
H2SO4 along the side of the test tube
Identification of Basic Radical
a- Preliminary test :
Experiment Observation Inference
1 Salt solution + NaOH No Smell of ammonia Zero group [NH4+ ] absent
2 Salt Solution + dil HCl White ppt of PbCl2 is I group [Pb2+ may be]
Filter the above ppt and boil it with water formed
and divide into parts.
Identification of Basic Radical
a- Confirmative test :
Experiment Observation Inference
1 KI test : 1st part + KI Pb I2 (Yellow Ppt) Pb2+ Confirmed
2 K2CrO4 Test : 2nd part + K2CrO4 Yellow ppt of PbCrO4 is Pb2+ Confirmed
formed
Chemical reaction for Acidic Radical
Preliminary Test : Pb (NO3)2 + H2SO4   PbSO4 + 2HNO3
Cu + HNO3   Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO2 + H2O
Confirmative Test :
i) Ring Test Pb (NO3)2 + H2SO4   PbSO4 + 2HNO3
6FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 + 2HNO3   3Fe2 (SO4)3 + 4H2O + 2NO
FeSO4 + NO   FeSO4 . NO
(Nitroso ferrous sulphate)
ii) Diphenyl amine Test 2(C6H5)2 NH + [O]   (C6H5)2 N – N (C6H5)2 + H2O
(Diphenyl amine hydrazine)
(B) Identification of Basic Radical
Preliminary Test : Pb (NO3)2 + 2HCl   PbCl2  + 2HNO3
(White)
Confirmative Test :
i) KI Test : PbCl2 + 2KI   PbI2  + 2KCI
ii) K2CrO4 Test : PbCl2 + K2CrO4   PbCrO4  + 2KCl
(Yellow ppt.)
Result : The given inorganic salt contains Acidic Radical NO3 Basic Radical Pb 2

CLASS- XII CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL 6