Mae Jemison

Mae Carol Jemison (born October 17, 1956) is an

American engineer, physician, and former NASA Mae Jemison
astronaut. She became the first African-American
woman to travel into space when she served as a
mission specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour
in 1992. Jemison joined NASA's astronaut corps in
1987 and was selected to serve for the STS-47 mission,
during which the Endeavour orbited the Earth for
nearly eight days on September 12–20, 1992.

Born in Alabama and raised in Chicago, Jemison

graduated from Stanford University with degrees in
chemical engineering as well as African and African-
American studies. She then earned her medical degree
from Cornell University. Jemison was a doctor for the
Peace Corps in Liberia and Sierra Leone from 1983 Jemison in July 1992
until 1985 and worked as a general practitioner. In Born Mae Carol Jemison
pursuit of becoming an astronaut, she applied to October 17, 1956
NASA. Decatur, Alabama, U.S.

Jemison left NASA in 1993 and founded a technology Education Stanford University (BA, BS)
research company. She later formed a non-profit Cornell University (MD)
educational foundation and through the foundation is Space career
the principal of the 100 Year Starship project funded NASA astronaut
by DARPA. Jemison also wrote several books for Time in space 7d 22h 30m
children and appeared on television several times,
Selection NASA Group 12 (1987)
including in a 1993 episode of Star Trek: The Next
Generation. She holds several honorary doctorates and Missions STS-47
has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Mission insignia
Fame and the International Space Hall of Fame.
Retirement March 1993

Early life and education

Mae Carol Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama, on October 17, 1956,[1][2] the youngest of three
children of Charlie Jemison and Dorothy Jemison (née Green).[3] Her father was a maintenance
supervisor for a charity organization, and her mother worked most of her career as an elementary school
teacher of English and math at the Ludwig van Beethoven Elementary School in Chicago, Illinois.[4][5]
The family first lived in Woodlawn and later the Morgan Park neighborhoods.[6] Jemison knew from a
young age that she wanted to study science and someday go into space.[7] The television show Star Trek
and, in particular, African-American actress Nichelle Nichols' portrayal of Lieutenant Uhura further
stoked her interest in space.[8][9][10]

Jemison enjoyed studying nature and human physiology, using her observations to learn more about
science. Although her mother encouraged her curiosity[8] and both her parents were supportive of her
interest in science, she did not always see the same support from her teachers.[11] When Jemison told a
kindergarten teacher she wanted to be a scientist when she grew up, the teacher assumed she meant she
wanted to be a nurse.[12] Seeing a lack of female astronauts during the Apollo missions also frustrated
Jemison. She later recalled, "everybody was thrilled about space, but I remember being really really
irritated that there were no women astronauts."[7]

Jemison began studying ballet at the age of 8 or 9 and entered high school at 12 years old, where she
joined the cheerleading team and the Modern Dance Club.[13][14] Jemison had a great love for dance from
a young age. She learned several styles of dance, including African and Japanese, as well as ballet, jazz,
and modern dance. As a child, Jemison had aspirations of becoming a professional dancer.[15] At the age
of 14, she auditioned for the leading role of Maria in West Side Story. She did not get the leading role but
was selected as a background dancer.[16]

After graduating from Chicago's Morgan Park High School in 1973,[12] Jemison entered Stanford
University at the age of 16.[8] Although she was young to be leaving home for college, Jemison later said
it did not faze her because she was "naive and stubborn enough".[8] There were very few other African-
American students in Jemison's classes and she continued to experience discrimination from her
teachers.[17] In an interview with The Des Moines Register in 2008, Jemison said that it was difficult to
go to Stanford at 16 but that her youthful arrogance may have helped her;[18] she asserted that some
arrogance is necessary for women and minorities to be successful in a white male dominated society.[18]

At Stanford, Jemison served as head of the Black Students Union.[11] She also choreographed a musical
and dance production called Out of the Shadows.[19] During her senior year in college, she struggled with
the choice between going to medical school or pursuing a career as a professional dancer after
graduation;[20] she graduated from Stanford in 1977, receiving a B.S. degree in chemical
engineering.[1][8] and B.A. degree in African and African-American studies.[21] While at Stanford, she
also pursued studies related to her childhood interest in space and first considered applying to NASA.[22]

Medical career
Jemison attended Cornell Medical School and during her training, traveled to Cuba, to conduct a study
funded by American Medical Student Association and to Thailand, where she worked at a Cambodian
refugee camp.[23][21] She also worked for Flying Doctors stationed in East Africa.[21] During her years at
Cornell, Jemison continued to study dance by enrolling in classes at the Alvin Ailey American Dance
Theater.[13] After graduating with an M.D. degree in 1981, she interned at Los Angeles County-USC
Medical Center in 1982, and worked as a general practitioner for Ross–Loos Medical Group.[1][21]

Jemison joined the staff of the Peace Corps in 1983 and served as a medical officer until 1985. She was
responsible for the health of Peace Corps volunteers serving in Liberia and Sierra Leone.[20][1] Jemison
supervised the Peace Corps' pharmacy, laboratory, medical staff as well as providing medical care,
writing self-care manuals, and developing and implementing guidelines for health and safety issues. She
also worked with the Centers for Disease Control helping with research for various vaccines.[24]

NASA career
Upon returning to the United States after serving in the Peace
Corps, Jemison settled in Los Angeles, California. In Los Angeles,
she entered into private practice and took graduate-level
engineering courses. Inspired by the flights of Sally Ride and Mae Jemison being fitted for a
Guion Bluford in 1983, Jemison applied to the astronaut program spacesuit and doing an experiment
[4]
in October 1985. After NASA postponed selection of new in space.
candidates after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986,
Jemison reapplied in 1987. She was chosen out of roughly 2,000
applicants for 15 slots in NASA Astronaut Group 12, the first selected
after Challenger.[11] The Associated Press covered her as the "first black
woman astronaut" in 1987.[25] CBS featured Jemison as one of the
country's "most eligible singles" on Best Catches, a television special
hosted by Phylicia Rashad and Robb Weller in 1989.[26]

Jemison's work with NASA before her shuttle launch included launch
support activities at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida and verification
of Shuttle computer software in the Shuttle Avionics Integration
Laboratory (SAIL).[27][28] On September 28, 1989, she was selected to
join the STS-47 crew as Mission Specialist 4 and was also designated
Science Mission Specialist, a new astronaut role being tested by NASA to
Jemison at the Kennedy
focus on scientific experiments.[29]
Space Center in 1992

STS-47
Jemison flew her only space mission from September 12 to 20,
1992, as one of the seven-member crew aboard Space Shuttle
Endeavour,[4][30] on mission STS-47, a cooperative mission
between the United States and Japan, as well as the 50th shuttle
mission.[31] Jemison logged 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in
space and orbited the earth 127 times.[32][33] The crew was split
into two shifts with Jemison assigned to the Blue Shift.
Throughout the eight-day mission, she began communications on Jemison during Space Shuttle
her shift with the salute "Hailing frequencies open", a quote from mission STS-47
Star Trek.[34] Jemison took a poster from the Alvin Ailey
American Dance Theater along with her on the flight.[8][35] She
also took a West African statuette[8] and a photo of pioneering aviator Bessie Coleman, the first African
American with an international pilot license.[36][8]

STS-47 carried the Spacelab Japan module, a cooperative mission between the United States and Japan
that included 43 Japanese and United States life science and materials processing experiments.[29]
Jemison and Japanese astronaut Mamoru Mohri were trained to use the Autogenic Feedback Training
Exercise (AFTE),[37] a technique developed by Patricia S. Cowings that uses biofeedback and autogenic
training to help patients monitor and control their physiology as a possible treatment for motion sickness,
anxiety and stress-related disorders.[38][39]

Aboard the Spacelab Japan module, Jemison tested NASA's Fluid

Therapy System, a set of procedures and equipment to produce
water for injection, developed by Sterimatics Corporation. She
then used IV bags and a mixing method, developed by Baxter
Healthcare, to use the water from the previous step to produce
saline solution in space.[40] Jemison was also a co-investigator of
two bone cell research experiments.[24] Another experiment she
participated in was to induce female frogs to ovulate, fertilize the
Jemison aboard the Spacelab
Japan module on Endeavour eggs, and then see how tadpoles developed in zero gravity.[41]

Resignation from NASA

Jemison resigned from NASA in March 1993 to start a company.[30][20][42] NASA training manager and
author Homer Hickam, who had trained Jemison for her flight, later expressed some regret that she had
departed.[8]

Post-NASA career
Jemison served on the board of directors of the World Sickle Cell
Foundation from 1990 to 1992.[7] In 1993, she founded The Jemison
Group Inc., a consulting firm which considers the sociocultural impact of
technological advancements and design.[2][43] Jemison also founded the
Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence and named the foundation in
honor of her mother.[44] One of the projects of the foundation is The Earth
We Share, a science camp for students aged 12 to 16. Founded in 1994,[45]
camps have been held at Dartmouth College, Colorado School of Mines,
Choate Rosemary Hall and other sites in the United States,[44] as well as
internationally in South Africa, Tunisia, and Switzerland.[46] The Dorothy
Jemison Foundation also sponsors other events and programs, including
the Shaping the World essay competition, Listening to the Future (a
survey program that targets obtaining opinions from students), Earth Jemison in 2013
Online (an online chatroom that allows students to safely communicate
and discuss ideas on space and science), and the Reality Leads Fantasy
Gala.[47]

Jemison was a professor of environmental studies at Dartmouth College from 1995 to 2002 where she
directed the Jemison Institute for Advancing Technology in Developing Countries.[45][48] In 1999, she
also became an Andrew D. White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University.[45][49] Jemison continues to
advocate strongly in favor of science education and getting minority students interested in science.[50]
She is a member of various scientific organizations, such as the American Medical Association, the
American Chemical Society, the Association of Space Explorers and the American Association for the
Advancement of Science.[27]
In 1999, Jemison founded BioSentient Corp and obtained the license to commercialize AFTE, the
technique she and Mohri tested on themselves during STS-47.[38][39]

In 2012, Jemison made the winning bid for the DARPA 100 Year Starship project through the Dorothy
Jemison Foundation for Excellence. The Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence was awarded a
$500,000 grant for further work. The new organization maintained the organizational name 100 Year
Starship. Jemison is the current principal of the 100 Year Starship.[51]

In 2018, she collaborated with Bayer Crop Science and National 4-H Council for the initiative named
Science Matters which was aimed at encouraging young children to understand and pursue agricultural
sciences.[52][53]

Books
Jemison's first book, Find Where the Wind Goes (2001), is a memoir of her life written for children.[2][54]
She describes her childhood, her time at Stanford, in the Peace Corps and as an astronaut.[55] School
Library Journal found the stories about her earlier life to be the most appealing.[55] Book Report found
that the autobiography gave a realistic view into her interactions with her professors, whose treatment of
her was not based on her intelligence but on stereotypes of woman of color.[56]

Her A True Book series of four children's books published in 2013 is co-authored with Dana Meachen
Rau.[57] Each book in the series has a "Find the Truth" challenge, true or false questions answers to which
are revealed at the end of the story.[57] School Library Journal found the series to be "properly tantalizing
surveys" of the Solar System but criticized the inclusion of a few outdated theories in physics and
astronomy.[58]

Public profile
LeVar Burton learned that Jemison was an avid Star Trek fan and
asked her if she would be interested in being on the show. In 1993,
Jemison appeared as Lieutenant Palmer in "Second Chances", an
episode of the science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next
Generation, becoming the first real-life astronaut to appear on Star
Trek.[59][60]

From 1999 to 2005, Jemison was appointed an Andrew Dickson

White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University.[61][62]

Jemison is an active public speaker who appears before private

and public groups promoting science and technology. "Having
been an astronaut gives me a platform," says Jemison, "but I'd Jemison at a symposium in 2009
blow it if I just talked about the Shuttle." Jemison uses her
platform to speak out on the gap in the quality of health-care
between the United States and the Third World, saying that "Martin Luther King [Jr.] ... didn't just have a
dream, he got things done."[63] Jemison has also appeared as host and technical consultant of the science
series World of Wonder which aired on the Discovery Channel from 1994 to 1998.[64][65]
In 2006, Jemison participated in African American Lives, a PBS television miniseries hosted by Henry
Louis Gates Jr., that traces the family history of eight famous African Americans using historical research
and genetic techniques.[66] Jemison found to her surprise that she is 13% East Asian in her genetic
makeup.[66] She also learned that some of her paternal ancestors were slaves at a plantation in Talladega
County, Alabama.[67]

Jemison participated in the Red Dress Heart Truth fashion show, wearing Lyn Devon, during the 2007
New York Fashion Week to help raise money to fight heart disease.[68] In May of the same year, she was
the graduation commencement speaker and only the 11th person in the 52-year history of Harvey Mudd
College to be awarded an honorary D.Eng. degree.[69]

On February 17, 2008, Jemison was the featured speaker for the 100th anniversary of the founding of the
Alpha Kappa Alpha, the first sorority established by African-American college women. Jemison paid
tribute to Alpha Kappa Alpha by carrying the sorority's banner with her on her shuttle flight. Her space
suit is a part of the sorority's national traveling Centennial Exhibit. Jemison is an honorary member of
Alpha Kappa Alpha.[70]

Jemison participated with First Lady Michelle Obama in a forum for promising girls in the Washington,
D.C. public schools in March 2009.[71]

In 2014, Jemison also appeared at Wayne State University for their annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Tribute Luncheon.[72] In 2016, she partnered with Bayer Corporation to promote and advance science
literacy in schools, emphasizing hands-on experimentation.[73]

She took part in the Michigan State University's lecture series, "Slavery to Freedom: An American
Odyssey", in February 2017.[74] In May 2017, Jemison gave the commencement speech at Rice
University.[75] She discussed the 100 Year Plan, science and education and other topics at Western
Michigan University also in May 2017.[76]

In 2017, LEGO released the "Women of NASA" set, with minifigures of Jemison, Margaret Hamilton,
Sally Ride, and Nancy Grace Roman.[77][78] The Google Doodle on March 8, 2019 (International
Women's Day) featured a quote from Jemison: "Never be limited by other people's limited
imaginations."[79]

Personal life
Jemison built a dance studio in her home and has choreographed and produced several shows of modern
jazz and African dance.[4][20][80]

In the spring of 1996, Jemison filed a complaint against a Texas police officer, accusing him of police
brutality during a traffic stop that ended in her arrest. She was pulled over by Nassau Bay police officer
Henry Hughes for allegedly making an illegal U-turn and arrested after Hughes learned of an outstanding
warrant on Jemison for a speeding ticket.[81] In the process of arresting her, the officer twisted her wrist
and forced her to the ground, as well as having her walk barefooted from the patrol car into the police
station.[81][82] In her complaint, Jemison said the officer physically and emotionally mistreated her.[83]
Jemison's attorney said she believed she had already paid the speeding ticket years ago.[81] She spent
several hours in jail and was treated at an area hospital after release for deep bruises and a head injury.[84]
The Nassau Bay officer was suspended with pay pending an investigation,[85] but the police investigation
cleared him of wrongdoing.[82] She filed a lawsuit against the city of Nassau Bay and the officer.[84]

Honors and awards

1988 Essence Science and Technology Award[86]
1990 Gamma Sigma Sigma Woman of the Year[87]
1991 McCall's 10 Outstanding Women for the 90s[88]
1992 Johnson Publications Black Achievement Trailblazers Award[88]
1992 Ebony Black Achievement Award[11][86]
1993 National Women's Hall of Fame[86]
1993 Ebony magazine 50 Most Influential women[88]
1993 Kilby Science Award[86] Jemison on 1996
Azeri postage
1993 Montgomery Fellow, Dartmouth College[89]
stamp
1993 People magazine's "50 Most Beautiful People in the World"[90]
1993 Turner Trumpet Award[88]
2002 listed among the 100 Greatest African Americans according to Molefi Kete Asante[91]
2002 Texas Women's Hall of Fame inductee[92]
2003 Intrepid Award by the National Organization for Girls[93]
2004 International Space Hall of Fame[94][95]
2005 The National Audubon Society, Rachel Carson Award[96]
2017 Buzz Aldrin Space Pioneer Award[97]
2019 Florida Southern College Honorary Chancellor[98]
2021 Sylvanus Thayer Award from the United States Military Academy[99]

Institutions
1992 Mae C. Jemison Science and Space Museum, Wilbur Wright College, Chicago,
Illinois[86]
1992 Mae C. Jemison Academy, an alternative public school in Detroit, Michigan[30][86]
2001 Mae Jemison School, an elementary public school in Hazel Crest, Illinois[100]
2007 Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy, a public charter school in Baltimore,
Maryland[101] (closed in 2013)[102]
2010 Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy West, a Middle/High School in Baltimore,
Maryland
2013 Jemison High School, Huntsville, Alabama[103]

Honorary doctorates
1991 Doctor of Letters, Winston-Salem College, North Carolina[27]
1991 Doctor of Science, Lincoln College, Pennsylvania[27]
 2000 Doctor of Humanities, Princeton University[104]
2005 Doctor of Science, Wilson College, North Carolina[105]
2006 Doctor of Science, Dartmouth College[106]
2007 Doctor of Engineering, Harvey Mudd College[69]
2007 Doctor of Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute[107]
2008 Doctor of Humanities, DePaul University[108][109]
2009 Doctor of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of NYU[110]
2019 Doctor of Humane Letters, Florida Southern College[98]
2019 Doctor of Humane Letters, University of Arizona[111]
2020 Doctor Honoris Causa, KU Leuven[112]
2022 Doctor of Science, Washington University in St. Louis[113]
2022 Doctor of Science, Clarkson University[114]
2023 Doctor of Engineering, University College Dublin[115]

Filmography
Star Trek: The Next Generation (1993) – Lieutenant Palmer, episode "Second Chances"[59]
Susan B. Anthony Slept Here (1995) – herself[116]
Star Trek: 30 Years and Beyond (1996) – herself[117]
The New Explorers (1998) – episode "Endeavor"[118]
How William Shatner Changed the World (2005) – herself[119]
African American Lives (2006) – herself[120]
No Gravity (2011) – herself[121]
The Real (2016) – herself[122]
Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur (2023) – Skipster (voice), episode "Skip Ad...olescense"[123]

Publications
Jemison, Mae (2001). Find where the wind goes: moments from my life (https://archive.org/
details/findingwherewind00jemi). New York: Scholastic. ISBN 978-0-439-13196-4.
OCLC 44548911 (https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44548911).
Jemison, Mae (2001). S.E.E.ing the Future: Science, Engineering and Education (http://eric.
ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED464816) (PDF).
Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College. p. 56. ERIC ED464816.
She contributed the piece "Outer Space: The Worldly Frontier" to the 2003 anthology
Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium, edited by Robin
Morgan.[124]
Jemison, Mae; Rau, Dana Meachen (2013). Journey Through Our Solar System (True
Books: Dr. Mae Jemison and 100 Year Starship). Scholastic. ISBN 978-0-531-24061-8.
Jemison, Mae; Rau, Dana Meachen (2013). Discovering New Planets (True Books: Dr. Mae
Jemison and 100 Year Starship) (https://archive.org/details/discoveringnewpl0000jemi).
Scholastic. ISBN 978-0-531-24063-2.
Jemison, Mae; Rau, Dana Meachen (2013). Exploring Our Sun (True Books: Dr. Mae
Jemison and 100 Year Starship). Scholastic. ISBN 978-0-531-24062-5.
 Jemison, Mae; Rau, Dana Meachen (2013). The 100 Year Starship (True Books: Dr. Mae
Jemison and 100 Year Starship) (https://archive.org/details/astronaut0000jemi). Scholastic.
ISBN 978-0-531-24060-1.

See also
List of African-American astronauts

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Further reading
Blue, Rose J. Mae Jemison: Out of this World, Millbrook Press, 2003 – ISBN 0-7613-2570-0
Burby, Liza N. Mae Jemison: The First African American Woman Astronaut, The Rosen
Publishing Group, 1997 – ISBN 0-8239-5027-1
Canizares, Susan. Voyage of Mae Jemison, Sagebrush Education Resources, 1999 –
ISBN 0-613-22577-5
Ceaser, Ebraska D. Mae C. Jemison: 1st Black Female Astronaut, New Day Press, 1992.
Polette, Nancy. Mae Jemison, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2003 – ISBN 0-516-27783-9
Sakurai, Gail. Mae Jemison: Space Scientist, Scholastic Library Publishing, 1996 – ISBN 0-
516-44194-9
 Yannuzzi, Della A. Mae Jemison: A Space Biography, Enslow Publishers, 1998 – ISBN 0-
89490-813-8

External links
Biography (https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/jemison_mae.pdf) at NASA
Mae Jemison (https://www.ted.com/speakers/mae_jemison) at TED
Appearances (https://www.c-span.org/person/?28774) on C-SPAN
Mae Jemison (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0420648/) at IMDb
Mae Jemison (http://www.makers.com/mae-jemison) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20170302030010/http://www.makers.com/mae-jemison) March 2, 2017, at the Wayback
Machine – Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
"Stories of Atlanta – Boldly Going ... And Taking Stuff" (https://www.pbs.org/video/pba-specia
ls-stories-atlanta-boldly-going-and-taking-stuff/)

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