RESPIRATORY
ALKALOSIS
KHADIJA MAJEED
Table of
Contents
01 Resoiratory Acid Base 05 Diagnostic
Disorder Evaluation
02 Respiratory 06 Medical
Alkalosis management
03 Causes 07 Nursing Diagnosis for
Respiratory Alkalosis
04 Clinical 08 Treatment
Manifestation
Respiratory Acid Base Disorder
An acid base disorder is a change in the normal
value of extracellular pH that may result when renal
or respiratory function is abnormal or when an acid
or base load overwhelms excretory capacity.
pH pCO2 HCO3
Range 7.35- 7.45 36- 44 22- 26
Optimal Value 7.4 40 24
RESPIRATORY ACID BASE DISORDER
Clinical disturbances of acid base metabolism classically
are defined in terms of the HCO3- /CO2 buffer system.
There are two respiratory acid- base disorders:
ACIDOSIS ALKALOSIS
process that increases process that reduces [H+]
[H+] by increasing PCO2 by reducing PCO2 or by
or by reducing [HCO3-] increasing [HCO3-]
decrease in the blood Elevation in blood pH
pH below normal range above the normal range
Respiratory Alkalosis
The acid-base disturbance initiated by a
reduction in PaCO2.
This occurs when there is excessive loss
of CO2 by hyperventilation of lungs.
It is a condition marked by low level of ALKALOSIS
CO2 in the blood due to breathing 24/7
excessively or alveolar hyperventilation.
Increase blood pH over 7.45.
In acute stage respiratory alkalosis is
called hyper-ventilation syndrome.
CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
Pulmonary Causes Non-Pulmonary Causes
Hyperventilation Anxiety
Syndrome Aspirin toxicity
Hypoxemia Metabolic acidosis
Mechanical ventilation Hyperthyroidism
Pneumonia Severe anemia and tumor
Pulmonary edema Fever & trauma
Chronic bronchitis Hepatic failure
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Seizures Lethargy & Confusion
Deep, Rapid
Breathing
Light Headedness
Hyperventilation
Hyponatremia Nausea & Vomiting
Hypochloremia
Tachycardia
(abnormaly rapid
Numbness & Tingling
breathing)
of Extremities
Aterial Findings in PCO2 is always reduced.
Respiratory Alkalosis HCO3 is low normal or low.
pH is raised or normal.
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
ABG Analysis Serum analysis
Blood culture Sputum culture
Brain MRI Urine culture
Complete blood cells Chest X-ray
count CT Scan
Liver function test
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Ingested toxin removal by inducing-emesis a
gasting lavage.
Treatment of fever and sepsis.
O2 administration for acute hypoxemia
Asking the patient to use paper bag restore
CO2 level
Relaxation exercise help reduce anxiety and
laboured breathing
Sedative and antidepressant may be
necessary
Nursing Diagnosis for
Respiratory Alkalosis
Impaired gas Anxiety related to Impaired physical
exchange related to shortness of breath, fear mobility related to
altered ventilation- of suffocation or shortness of breath,
perfusion ratio distressing respiratory dizziness or
symptoms lightheadedness
1. Oxygen therapy: Administer 4. Sedation: Use sedatives to reduce
oxygen to reduce hyperventilation anxiety and promote relaxation
2. Rebreathing techniques: 5. Hydration: Ensure adequate fluid intake
Encourage slow, deep breathing to prevent dehydration
to increase CO2 level 6. Medication:
3. Ventilator adjustment: Adjust Anticonvulsants (if seizures occur)
ventilator settings to reduce Anti-anxiety medication
hyperventilation Bronchodilators (if bronchospasm is
present)
Common Treatment Approaches
Thank You!
For Listening
Phone
+123-456-7890
Mail
khadijamajeed@gmail.com
Website
www.khadijamajeed.com
Address
123 Children Hospital, Lahore, Punjab
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