#Task week 6
Bilateral Mode of Diplomacy
Muhammad Jauharul Zulfa – 10040221091
Prodi Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Email: 10040221091@student.uinsby.ac.id
I. INTRODUCTION
In the context of international relations, relations between two countries are referred
to as bilateral relations. The existence of relations between these countries is usually marked
by the presence of embassies, consulate generals, representative offices, front offices and
interest groups in each country concerned.1
Bilateral cooperation can be found in various fields such as culture, politics,
education, economy, social, and so on. In addition, bilateral cooperation can be a means of
resolving cases involving the two countries involved. In this case, there is a pattern that can
be adopted in bilateral cooperation, namely the response and actual policies according to the
pioneer countries; perception according to response or policy by decision on the destination
country; the response or reply of the recipient country of the policy; perceptions of decisions
from pioneer countries. There are two types of bilateral diplomacy, namely conventional,
unconventional methods.
II. CONVENTIONAL
Conventionally, conceptual diplomacy can be understood as an activity carried out to
fulfill national interests. So it can be said that diplomacy is a way that prioritizes the interests
of the state through peaceful means. However, if the negotiations are deemed to have failed
to achieve its objectives, then the diplomatic method used can use threats or state power.
However, in this modern era, the use of physical threats is less effective because it will
consume a lot of resources.
III. UNCONVENTIONAL
1
G. R. Berridge. 2002. Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave
#Task week 6
Regarding unconventional diplomacy, Geoff Raymond Berridge explained that there
are alternative diplomacy practices carried out by two countries without requiring diplomatic
relations between the two countries. This is due to the reluctance of a country to formally
recognize or de jure acknowledge the existence of a state. The reluctance to admit it because
there are criteria that the state has not met is quite worrying. So if a country is not recognized
by another country, liaison diplomacy cannot be designed because the practice is carried out
in unconventional conditions through intermediaries, interest groups, consulates,
representative offices, Diplomatic Front: Trade Missions and special envoys.
IV. DIPLOMATIC PROTOCOL
The draft of the diplomatic protocol was explained in the 1961 Vienna agreement. At
the Convention, the budget for diplomacy is regulated, for example the development of the
existence of the codification of international rules, which in the codification of Diplomacy
rules is initiated by international rules. In the 53 chapters of the Vienna agreement, it can be
said that almost all of them cover the crucial aspects of permanent diplomatic interactions
between countries. Thus, it can be said that according to the Vienna agreement, it regulates
how to resolve disputes, acquire citizenship, resolve disputes, establish the right of diplomatic
representation and the procedure for the appointment and delivery of ambassadors, the
immunity rights of diplomats and diplomatic missions they carry out, and regulations
regarding signing, ratification. , and the enforcement of the convention .
V. CONCLUSION
Can be concluded that Bilateral relations are relations between two countries to fulfill
the interests of each country. In bilateral relations, there are two categories in conducting
diplomatic relations, namely conventional and non-conventional methods. In conventional
diplomacy, it is carried out officially and requires the approval of a second party so that the
practice of diplomacy can be fully implemented. In the case of unconventional diplomacy, it
states that there are existing relations, but no diplomatic relations between the two countries,
because there is no recognition of one country over another, so that diplomacy as a whole
cannot function without problems. . However, under other possible alternative conditions, it
is easier to establish diplomatic relations
#Task week 6
References
Berridge, G. R. 2002. Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave
