REFURBISHMENT

THE REPAIR AND PROTECTION

OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
WITH SIKA
IN ACCORDANCE WITH EUROPEAN STANDARDS EN 1504
Concrete Repair, Protection and Corrosion Management in Reinforced Concrete Structures

Table of Contents The European Standard EN 1504 Series

The European Standard EN 1504 consists of 10 parts.

The European Standards EN 1504 3 With these documents products for the protection and repair of concrete structures are defined. Quality control of the repair
materials production and the execution of the works on site are also all part of these standards.
CE Marking 3
EN 1504 – 1 Describes terms and definitions within the standard
The Key Stages in the Repair and Protection Process 4/5
EN 1504 – 2 Provides specifications for surface protection products / systems for concrete
The Root Cause(s) of Concrete Damage and Deterioration 6/7
EN 1504 – 3 Provides specifications for the structural and non-structural repair
An Overview of the Principles of Concrete Repair and Protection 8 – 13
EN 1504 – 4 Provides specifications for structural bonding
Principle 1: Protection against Ingress (PI) 14 – 17 EN 1504 – 5 Provides specifications for concrete injection

Principle 2: Moisture Control (MC) 18 / 19 EN 1504 – 6 Provides specifications for anchoring of reinforcing steel bars

Principle 3: Concrete Restoration (CR) 20 – 23 EN 1504 – 7 Provides specifications for reinforcement corrosion protection

EN 1504 – 8 Describes the quality control and evaluation of conformity for the manufacturing companies
Principle 4: Structural Strengthening (SS) 24 – 27
EN 1504 – 9 Defines the general principles for the use of products and systems, for the repair and protection of concrete
Principle 5: Physical Resistance (PR) 28 / 29
EN 1504 – 10 Provides information on site applications of products and quality control of the works
Principle 6: Chemical Resistance (RC) 30 / 31
These standards will help owners, engineers and contractors successfully complete concrete repair and protection works to all
Principle 7: Preserving or Restoring Passivity (RP) 32 / 33 types of concrete structures.

Principle 8: Increasing Resistivity (IR) 34 / 35

Principle 9: Cathodic Control (CC) 36 / 37 CE Marking

Principle 10: Cathodic Protection (CP) 36 / 37 The European Standard EN 1504 will be fully implemented on January 1st, 2009. Existing National Standards which have not
been harmonized with the new EN 1504 will be withdrawn at the end of 2008 and CE Marking will be mandatory.
Principle 11: Control of Anodic Areas (CA) 38 / 39 All products used for concrete repair and protection will now have to be CE marked in accordance with the appropriate part
of EN 1504. This CE conformity marking contains the following information – using the example of a concrete repair mortar
Summary Flow Chart and Phases of the Correct Concrete Repair and Protection Procedure 40 / 41 suitable for structural use:

The Selection of the Methods to be used for Concrete Repair 42 / 43 nC E – Symbol
n Identification number of the notified body
The Selection of the Methods to be used for Concrete and Reinforcement Protection 44 / 45 01234
Sika Schweiz AG n Name or identifying mark of the producer
Assessment, Approvals and Proof Statements 46 – 49 Murtenstrasse 13, CH-3186 Düdingen
n Year in which the marking was affixed
08
Examples of Repair and Protection with Sika Systems 50 / 51 01234-CPD-00234 n Certificate number as on the attestation certificate
EN 1504-3
n Number of the European standard
Concrete Repair product for structural repair CC
mortar (based on hydraulic cement) n Description of the product
Compressive strength: class R3
Chloride ion content: ≤ 0,05%
Adhesive Bond: ≥ 1,5 MPa
Carbonation resistence: Passes
Elastic modulus: 21 GPa n Information on regulated characteristics
Thermal compatibility part 1: ≥ 1,5 MPa
Capillary absorption: ≤ 0,5 kg · m-2 · h-0,5
Dangerous substances: comply with 5.4
Reaction to fire: Euroclass A1

2|3
The Key Stages in the Repair and Protection Process
In Accordance with the European Standard EN 1504

1 2 3 4 5
The successful repair and protection of
concrete structures which have been
damaged or which have deteriorated, Assessment of the Structure from the Identification and Diagnosis of the Root Determine the Repair and Protection Selection of the Appropriate Repair Future Maintenance
firstly require professional assessment Condition Survey Causes of Deterioration Options and Objectives Principles and Methods
in an appropriate condition survey.
Secondly the design, execution and The assessment of a damaged or dete- Following review of the original design, With most damaged or deteriorated To meet the owner’s future requirements, Any future inspection and maintenance
supervision of technically correct riorated reinforced concrete structure from construction methods and programme, and structures, the owner has a number of the appropriate Repair and Protection work that will need to be undertaken
Principles and Methods for the use of the condition survey should only be made the assessment from the condition survey, options which will effectively decide the Principles must be selected, and then the during the defined service life of the
products and systems in accordance by qualified and experienced people. it is possible to identify the “root causes” appropriate repair and protection strategy best method of achieving each principle structure should also be defined.
with European Standard EN 1504-9. of each different type and area of damage: to meet the future requirements of the must be decided.
This process of assessment must always structure. Complete records of all the materials
This brochure is intended to give include the following aspects: Identify defects and mechanical, These should be: used in the works undertaken should
guidance on the correct approach and chemical or physical damage to the These options include: Appropriate to the site conditions and be provided for future reference at the
procedures for concrete repair and The condition of the structure including concrete. Do nothing (for a certain time). requirements, i.e. Principle 3 Concrete end of each project, including:
protection works, including the use visible, non-visible and potential defects. Identify concrete damage due to rein- Downgrade the capacity of the restoration. What is the anticipated life expectancy,
of Sika products and systems for the Review of the past, current and future forcement corrosion. structure or its function. Appropriate to the future requirements and then what is the mode and
selected repair Principles and Methods. exposure. Prevent or reduce further damage and the relevant principles, i.e. Method result of the selected materials’
. without repair or improvement. 3.1 Applying repair mortar by hand or eventual deterioration, i.e. chalking,
Improve, strengthen or refurbish all or 3.2 Recasting the concrete. embrittlement, discolouration or
part of the structure. delamination?
Reconstruction of all or part of the What is the structural integrity
structure. Definition and specification of the inspection period?
Demolition. properties of suitable products and What future surface preparation and
systems access systems will be required to
Important factors when considering Following selection of the Repair and carry out the necessary works and
these options: Protection Principles and Methods, the when?
Intended design life following repair required performance characteristics Is corrosion monitoring required?
and protection. of suitable products are defined, in Who is responsible for arranging and
The required durability, performance accordance with Parts 2 to 7 of EN 1504 financing the maintenance work and
and requirements. and with Part 10 Site application of when?
How will loads be carried before, during products and systems, plus quality control
and after the repair works. of the work.
The possibility for further repair works
in the future including access and It is important that all of this evaluation
maintenance. and specification work considers not only
The costs of the alternative options and the products’ long-term performance on
possible solutions. the structure, but also that the proposed
The consequences and likelihood of repair materials will have no adverse
structural failure. physical or chemical reactions with each
The consequences and likelihood of any other, or the structure.
partial failure (falling concrete, water
ingress etc.). The work should be carried out with
products and systems that comply with the
And environmentally: relevant Part of EN 1504, i.e. Table 3 of
The need for protection from sun, rain, EN 1504-3, item 7: Thermal compatibility,
frost, wind, salt and/or other pollutants Part 1 Freezethaw, etc.
during the works.
The environmental impact of, or The application conditions and limitations
restrictions on the works in progress, for each type of material are also to be
particularly the noise and dust, plus the specified as outlined in Part 10 of EN
time needed to carry out the work. 1504. In some instances, innovative
The likely environmental and aesthetic systems or technologies outside of those
impact of the improved or reduced currently included in EN 1504 may be
appearance of alternative repair options required to solve specific problems and
and solutions. requirements, to resolve conflicts with
environmental restrictions, or to meet local
fire regulations for example.
4|5
The Root Cause(s) of Deterioration
Assessment from the Condition Survey and the Results of Laboratory Diagnosis

Concrete Defects and Deterioration Reinforcement Corrosion

Mechanical attack
Cause Relevant principles for Cause Relevant principles for
repair and protection repair and protection
Abrasion Principles 3,5 Carbon dioxide (CO ) in Principles 1,2,3,7,8,11
²
the atmosphere reacting
Fatigue Principle 4 with calcium hydroxide in
Impact Principles 3,4,5 the concrete pore liquid.

Overload Principles 3,4 CO + Ca (OH)  CaCO + H O

² ² ³ ²
Movement (settlement) Principles 3,4 Soluble and strongly alkaline
pH 12 –13  almost
Explosion insoluble and much
Vibration Principles 3,4 less alkaline pH 9
Steel protected (passivation) 
steel unprotected

Chemical attack Corrosive contaminants

Cause Relevant principles for
Cause Relevant principles for
repair and protection
repair and protection
AAR Alkali aggregate Chlorides accelerate the Principles 1,2,3,7,8,9,11
reactions Principles 1,2,3 corrosion process and can
also cause dangerous
Aggressive agents Principles 1,2,3,6 “pitting” corrosion
Biological action Principles 1,2,3,6 At above 0.2 – 0.4% con-
centration in the concrete
chlorides can break down
the passive oxide protective
layer on the steel surface
Chlorides are typically from
marine/salt water exposure
and/or the use of de-icing salts

Physical attack Stray currents

Cause Relevant principles for Cause Relevant principles for
repair and protection repair and protection
Freeze/thaw Principles 1,2,3,5 Metals of different No specific Repair
electropotential are Principles defined at this
Thermal effects Principles 1,4 connected to each other time.
in the concrete and For repair of the
Salt crystallisation Principles 1,2,3
corrosion occurs concrete use
Shrinkage Principles 1,4 Corrosion can also be due Principles 2,3,10
Erosion Principles 3,5 to stray electrical currents
from power supply and
Abrasion/wear Principles 3,5 transmission networks

6|7
An Overview of the Principles of Concrete Repair and Protection according to EN 1504-9
The repair and protection of concrete structures requires relatively complex assessment and design. By introducing
and defining the key principles of repair and protection, EN 1504-9 helps owners and construction professionals to fully understand
the problems and solutions throughout the different stages of the repair and protection process.

The Principles Relating to Defects The Principles Relating to Steel

in Concrete Reinforcement Corrosion
Principle 1 (PI) Principle 7 (RP)
Protection against ingress Preserving or restoring passivity

Principle 2 (MC) Principle 8 (IR)

Moisture control Increasing resistivity

Principle 3 (CR) Principle 9 (CC)

Concrete restoration Cathodic control

Principle 4 (SS) Principle 10 (CP)

Structural strengthening Cathodic protection

Principle 5 (PR) Principle 11 (CA)

Increasing physical resistance Control of anodic areas

Principle 6 (RC)
Resistance to chemicals

8|9
The Principles of Concrete Repair and Protection Know-How from Sika

Why Principles? The Sika Solutions in Accordance with EN 1504

For many years the different types of damage and the root causes of this damage have Sika is a global market and technology leader in the development and production of
been well known and equally the correct repair and protection methods have also been specialist products and systems for construction and industry. Repair and Protection
established. All of this knowledge and expertise is now summarized and clearly set out as of concrete structures is one of Sika’s core competencies. The complete Sika product
11 Principles in EN 1504, Part 9. These allow the engineer to correctly repair and protect range includes concrete admixtures, resin flooring and coating systems, all types of
all of the potential damage that can occur in reinforced concrete structures. Principles waterproofing solutions, sealing, bonding and strengthening systems as well as other
1 to 6 relate to defects in the concrete itself, Principles 7 to 11 relate to damage due to materials developed specifically for use in the repair and protection of reinforced
reinforcement corrosion. concrete structures. These have numerous national and international approvals and
Sika products are available worldwide through the local Sika companies and our
The European Union fully introduced all of the European Standards 1504 on 1st January specialist contracting and distribution partners.
2009. These Standards define the assessment and diagnostic work required, the
necessary products and systems including their performance, the alternative procedures For the past 100 years, Sika has gained extensive experience and expertise in concrete
and application methods, together with the quality control of the materials and the works repair and protection with documented references dating back to the 1920’s.
on site. Sika provides ALL of the necessary products for the technically correct repair and
protection of concrete, ALL fully in accordance with the Principles and Methods defined
in European Standards EN 1504. These include systems to repair damage and defects
The Use of the EN 1504 Principles in the concrete and also to repair damage caused by steel reinforcement corrosion.
Sika products and systems are available for use on specific types of structures and
To assist owners, engineers and contractors with the correct selection of repair Principles,
general concrete repairs in all different climatic and exposure conditions.
Methods and then the appropriate products, together with their specifica-tion and use,
Sika has developed a useful schematic system of approach. This is designed to meet the
individual requirements of a structure, its exposure and use and is illustrated on pages 42
to 45 of this brochure.

10 | 11
An Overview of the Principles and Methods of Principle 4
(SS)
Structural
strengthening.
4.1 Adding or replacing embedded
or external reinforcing bars
Sikadur® range

Repair and Protection from EN 1504-9 Increasing or restoring

the structural load 4.2 Adding reinforcement anchored
in pre-formed or drilled holes
Sika® AnchorFix® and Sikadur® range
bearing capacity of an
element of the concrete
4.3 Bonding plate reinforcement Sikadur® adhesive systems combine with
structure.
Sika® CarboDur® and SikaWrap®
Tables 1 and 2 include all of the repair Principles and Methods in accordance with Part 9 of EN 1504.
Following assessment from the condition survey and diagnosis of the root causes of damage, together with the owners repair 4.4 Adding mortar or concrete Sika® bonding primers, repair mortars and
objectives and requirements, the appropriate EN1504 repair Principles and Methods can be selected. concrete technology

4.5 Injecting cracks, voids or Sika® Injection systems

Products conforming to CE marking will have CE identification on product data sheet and packaging. These are supported with interstices
EC certification and Factory Control and Declaration of Conformity.
4.6 Filling cracks, voids or Sika® Injection systems
interstices
Sika® CarboStress® systems
Table 1: Principles and Methods Related to Defects in Concrete 4.7 Prestressing (post-tensioning)

Principle Description Method Sika Solution

Principle 5 Physical resistance. 5.1 Coating Sikagard® reactive coating range,
Increasing resistance to Sikafloor® systems
(PR)
Principle 1 Protection against 1.1 Hydrophobic Impregnation Sikagard® range of hydrophobic impregnation physical or mechanical
ingress. attack. 5.2 Impregnation Sikafloor® CureHard-24
(PI) Reducing or 1.2 Impregnation Sikafloor® CureHard-24
5.3 Adding mortar or concrete As for Methods 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3
preventing the ingress
1.3 Coating Sikagard range of elastic and rigid coatings
®
of adverse agents, e.g.
Sikafloor® range for flooring applications
Principle 6 Resistance to 6.1 Coating Sikagard® and Sikafloor® reactive coating
water, other liquids, chemicals. range
vapour, gas,
(RC) Increasing resistance
chemicals and 1.4 Surface bandaging of cracks Sikadur® Combiflex® SG System of the concrete surface 6.2 Impregnation Sikafloor® CureHard-24
biological agents. to deteriorations from
1.5 Filling of cracks Sika® Injection systems, 6.3 Adding mortar or concrete As for Methods 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3
chemical attack.
Sikadur® range

1.6 Transferring cracks into joints Sikaflex® range, Sikadur®-Combiflex® SG Table 2: Principles and Methods Related to Reinforcement Corrosion
System
Principle Description Method Sika Solution
1.7 Erecting external panels SikaTack®-Panel System
Principle 7 Preserving or 7.1 Increasing cover with additional Sika® MonoTop®, SikaTop®,
1.8 Applying membranes restoring passivity. mortar or concrete SikaCem® ranges, plus Sika® EpoCem®
Sikaplan® sheet membranes, Sikalastic® liquid (RP) Creating chemical con-
applied membranes and Sikafloor® car park decks
ditions in which the
7.2 Replacing contaminated or As for Methods 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
Principle 2 Moisture control. 2.1 Hydrophobic impregnation Sikagard® range of hydrophobic impregnation surface of the reinforce-
carbonated concrete
Adjusting and ment is maintained
(MC) maintaining the 2.2 Impregnation Sikafloor® CureHard-24
in or is returned to a 7.3 Electrochemical realkalisation Sikagard® range for post-treatment
moisture content in passive condition. of carbonated concrete
2.3 Coating Sikagard -range of elastic and rigid coatings
®
the concrete within
Sikafloor® range for flooring applications
a specified range of 7.4 Realkalisation of carbonated Sikagard® range for post-treatment
values. 2.4 Erecting external panels SikaTack -Panel System
® concrete by diffusion
2.5 Electrochemical treatment A process 7.5 Electrochemical chloride Sikagard® range for post-treatment
extraction
Principle 3 Concrete restoration. 3.1 Hand applied mortar Sika® MonoTop® and SikaTop® ranges
Restoring the original
(CR) concrete to the 3.2 Recasting with concrete or mortar Sika® MonoTop®, Sikacrete® SCC Principle 8 Increasing resistivity. 8.1 Hydrophobic impregnation Sikagard® range of hydrophobic
Increasing the electrical impregnation
originally specified (self-compacting concrete) (IR) resistivity of the 8.2 Impregnation
profile and function. concrete. Sikafloor® CureHard-24
3.3 Spraying concrete or mortar SikaCem® -Gunite® range and Sika® 8.3 Coating
MonoTop® systems As for Method 1.3
Restoring the concrete
structure by replacing 3.4 Replacing elements Sika bonding primers and Sika concrete technology
® ®
Principle 9 Cathodic control. 9.1 Limiting oxygen content (at Sika® FerroGard® admixture and
part of it. Creating conditions in the cathode) by saturation or surface applied corrosion inhibitors
(CC) which potentially catho- surface coating Sikagard® and Sikafloor® reactive coating
dic areas of reinforce- range
ment are unable to
drive an anodic reaction.
Principle 10 Cathodic protection. 10.1 Applying an electrical potential Sika® overlay mortars
Sika®` Galvashield® range
(CP)
Principle 11 Control of anodic 11.1 Active coating of the SikaTop® Armatec®-110 EpoCem®,
areas. reinforcement Sika® MonoTop®-610
(CA) Creating conditions
in which potentially 11.2 Barrier coating of the Sikadur®-32
anodic areas of reinforcement
reinforcement are
11.3 Applying corrosion inhibitors in Sika® FerroGard® admixture and
unable to take part in
or to the concrete surface applied corrosion inhibitors
the corrosion reaction.
12 | 13
EN 1504-9 Principle 1: Protection against Ingress (PI)
Protecting the Concrete Surface against Liquid and Gaseous Ingress

A large amount of concrete damage is the Methods

Methods Pictures
Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika
Sika®®Products
Products(example
result of the penetration of deleterious
materials into the concrete, including both Method 1.1 Hydrophobic Impregnation A hydrophobic impregnation is defined as the treatment of Penetration: Sikagard®-700 range
liquid and gaseous materials. The Principle concrete to produce a water-repellent surface. The pores Class I: <10 mm n Based on silane or siloxane hydrophobic
1 (PI) deals with preventing this ingress and and capillary network are not filled, but only lined with the Class II: ≥10 mm impregnations
includes Methods to reduce the concrete hydrophobic material. This functions by reducing the surface n penetrate deeply and provide a liquid
permeability and porosity of the concrete tension of liquid water, preventing its passage through the Capillary absorption: water repellent surface
surfaces to these different materials. pores, but still allowing each way water vapour diffusion, w <0.1 kg/m² × √h
which is in accordance with standard good practice in Sikagard®-700 S (Class I)
The selection of the most appropriate method building physics. Drying rate coefficient
is dependent on different parameters, including
the type of deleterious material, the quality
of the existing concrete and its surface, the
objectives of the repair or protection works and Method 1.2 Impregnation An impregnation is defined as the treatment of concrete to Penetration depth: Sikafloor® CureHard-24
the maintenance strategy. reduce the surface porosity and to strengthen the surface. ≥5 mm n Sodium silicate based
The pores and capillaries are then partly or totally filled. n Colourless and odourless
Sika produces a full range of impreg-nations, This type of treatment usually also results in a discontinuous Capillary absorption: nG  ood penetration
hydrophobic impregnations and specialized thin film of 10 to 100 microns thickness on the surface. w <0.1 kg/m² × √h
coatings for use in protecting concrete This serves to block the pore system to aggressive agents.
according to the Principles and Methods of EN
1504.

Method 1.3 Coating Surface coatings are defined as materials designed to Carbonation resistance: Rigid systems:
provide an improved concrete surface, for increased Sd >50 m Sikagard®-680 S
resistance or performance against specific external n Acrylic resin, solvent based
influences. Capillary absorption: n Waterproof
Fine surface cracks with a total movement of up to 0.3 mm w <0.1 kg/m² × √h
can be safely repaired, then sealed and their movement Elastic systems:
accommodated by the use of elastic, crack bridging  ater vapour ability:
W Sikagard®-550 W Elastic
coatings, which are also waterproof and carbonation Class I: Sd <5 m n Acrylic resin, water based
resistant. n Waterproofing and crack-bridging
This will accommodate thermal and dynamic movement Adhesion strength:
in structures subject to wide temperature fluctuation, Elastic: ≥ 0.8 N/mm² or Sikagard® ElastoColor -675 W
vibration, or that have been constructed with inadequate or ≥ 1.5 N/mm² n Acrylic resin, water based
insufficient jointing details. (trafficking) n Waterproof

Rigid: ≥ 1.0 N/mm² or

FLOOR SYSTEMS:
≥ 2.0 N/mm²
Sikafloor® Range Resins
(trafficking)
n Epoxy
n Polyurethane
n PMMA

Method 1.4 Surface banding of cracks Locally applying a suitable material to prevent the ingress of No specific criteria Sikadur®-Combiflex® SG System
aggressive media into the concrete. n Extremely flexible
n Weather and water resistant
n E xcellent adhesion

* This table is continued on pages 16 and 17

14 | 15
EN 1504-9 Principle 1: Protection against Ingress (PI)
Protecting the Concrete Surface against Liquid and Gaseous Ingress (continued)

All concrete protection works must take Methods Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika® Products (examples)
account of the position and size of any
cracks and joints in the concrete. This Method 1.5 Filling of Cracks Cracks to be treated to prevent the passage of aggressive Classification of injection Structural Cracks and Void Repairs:
means investigating their nature and cause, agents should be filled and sealed. material: Class F:
understanding the extent of any movement in F: transmitting force Sikadur® -52 Injection
the substrate and its effect on the stability, Non-moving cracks – These are cracks that have been D: ductile Sika® InjectoCem®-190
durability and function of the structure, as well formed by initial shrinkage for example, they need only to S: swelling
as evaluating the risk of creating new cracks as be fully exposed and repaired / filled with a suitable repair Waterproof Sealing of Joints/Cracks/Voids:
a result of any remedial joint or crack treatment material. Class D:
and repair. Sika® Injection-201/-203

Class S:
If the crack has implications for the integrity
Sika® Injection-29/-304/-305
and safety of a structure, refer to Principle 4
Structural strengthening, Methods 4.5 and 4.6
on Page 24/25. This decision must always be Cracks to be treated to accommodate movement should No specific criteria Sikaflex® PU range
taken by the structural engineer. Any selected Method 1.6 Transferring cracks into joints be repaired so that a joint is formed to extend through the nO ne-component polyurethanes
surface treatments can then be applied full depth of the repair and positioned to accommodate that n iCure
successfully. movement. The cracks (joints) must then be filled, sealed n High movement capability
or covered with a suitably elastic or flexible material. n Excellent durability
The decision to transfer a crack to the function of a
movement joint must be made by a structural engineer. Sikadur®-Combiflex® SG System
n E xtremely flexible
n Weather and water resistant
n E xcellent adhesion

Method 1.7 Erection of external panels Protecting the concrete surface with external Panels. No specific criteria SikaTack®-Panel System
A curtain wall or similar external façade cladding system, n for the secret fixing of rain-screen
protects the concrete surface from external weathering panel systems
and aggressive materials attack or ingress. nO  ne-component polyurethane

Applying a preformed sheet or liquid applied membrane over No specific criteria Sikafloor® liquid deck membrane for car
Method 1.8 Applying membranes
the concrete surface will fully protect the surface against the parks.
attack or ingress of deleterious materials. Sikafloor®-375 System or
Sikafloor®-350N System or
Sikafloor®-15 Pronto System
n Waterproof
n Crack bridging
Sikafloor®-264 System or
Sikafloor®-14 Pronto System
n Waterproof
n Rigid protection

Sikalastic® liquid membrane

n Waterproofing
n Particularly useful for complex details

16 | 17
EN 1504-9 Principle 2: Moisture Control (MC)
Adjusting and Maintaining the Moisture Content in the Concrete

In some situations, such as where there is a Methods Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika® Products (examples)
risk of further alkali aggregate reaction, the
concrete structure has to be protected against Method 2.1 Hydrophobic Impregnation A hydrophobic impregnation is defined as the treatment of Penetration: Sikagard®-700 range
water penetration. concrete to produce a water-repellent surface. The pores Class I: <10 mm n Based on silane or siloxane hydrophobic
and capillary network are not filled, but only lined with the Class II: ≥10 mm impregnations
This can be achieved by the use of different hydrophobic material. This function by reducing the surface n Preventing penetrate deeply and provide
types of products including hydrophobic tension of liquid water, is preventing its passage through the Capillary absorption: a liquid water repellent surface
impregnations, surface coatings and pores, but still allowing each way water vapour diffusion, w <0.1 kg/m² × √h
electrochemical treatments. which is in accordance with standard good practice in Sikagard®-700 S (Class I)
building physics. Drying rate coefficient
For many years, Sika has been one of the
pioneers in concrete protection through the
use of deeply penetrating silane and siloxane
hydrophobic impregnations, plus durable acrylic Method 2.2 Impregnation An impregnation is defined as the treatment of concrete to Penetration depth: Sikafloor®-CureHard-24
and other resin based protective coatings. reduce the surface porosity and to strengthen the surface. ≥5 mm n Sodium silicate based
The pores and capillaries are then partly or totally filled. n Colourless and odourless
Several of these are also tested and approved This type of treatment usually also results in a discon- Capillary absorption: nG  ood penetration
for use in conjunction with the latest tinuous thin film of 10 to 100 microns thickness on the w <0.1 kg/m² × √h
electrochemical treatment techniques. surface. This serves to block the pore system to aggressive
agents.
All of these Sika systems for the Method
“Moisture Control” are fully in accordance with
the requirements of EN 1504. Method 2.3 Coating Surface coatings are defined as materials designed to Capillary absorption: Rigid systems:
provide an improved concrete surface, for increased w <0.1 kg/m² × √h Sikagard®-680 S
resistance or performance against specific external n Acrylic resin, solvent based
influences. n Waterproof
Fine surface cracks with a total movement of up to 0.3 mm  ater vapour ability:
W
can be safely repaired, then sealed and their movement Class I: Sd <5 m Elastic systems:
accommodated by crack bridging coatings which are also Sikagard®-550 W Elastic
for waterproof and carbonation resistant. Adhesion strength: n Acrylic resin, water based
Elastic: ≥ 0.8 N/mm² or n Waterproofing and crack-bridging
This will accommodate thermal and dynamic movement in
≥ 1.5 N/mm²
structures subject to wide temperature fluctuation, vibration, Sikagard®-545 W Elastofill
(trafficking)
or that have been constructed with inadequate or insufficient n One component acrylic resin
jointing details. Rigid: ≥ 1.0 N/mm² or n Elastic
≥ 2.0 N/mm²
Sikagard® ElastoColor -675 W
(trafficking)
n Acrylic resin, water based
n Waterproof

Method 2.4 Erecting external panels As long as the concrete surface is not exposed, no water can No specific criteria SikaTack®-Panel System
penetrate and the reinforcement can not corrode. n F or the discrete or ‘secret fixing’ of
curtain wall façade systems
nO  ne-component polyurethane

Method 2.5 Electrochemical treatment By applying an electric potential in the structure, moisture can No specific criteria This is a process
be moved towards the negatively by charged cathode area.

18 | 19
EN 1504-9 Principle 3: Concrete Restoration (CR)
Replacing and Restoring Damaged Concrete
The selection of the appropriate method of Methods Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika® Products (examples)
replacing and restoring concrete depends on a
number of parameters including: Method 3.1 Hand-applied mortar Traditionally the localised repair of concrete damage and Structural repair: Class R4:
defects has been undertaken using hand-placed repair Class R4 Sika® MonoTop®-612, Sika®
n The extent of damage (e.g. Method 3.1 Hand
mortars. Sika provides an extensive range of pre-batched, Class R3 Rapid Repair Mortar
applied mortar, is more economic for limited
hand-applied repair mortars for general repair purposes
damage)
and also for very specific repair purposes. These include Non structural repair: n High performance repair mortar
n Congestion of rebar (e.g. Method 3.2
lightweight mortars for overhead application and chemically Class R2 n Extremely low shrinkage behavior
Recasting with concrete or mortar is usually
resistant materials to protect against aggressive gases and Class R1
to be preferred in the presence of heavily Class R3:
chemicals.
congested bars). Sika® MonoTop®-615
n Extremely low shrinkage behavior
n Site access (e.g. Method 3.3 Spraying
n Lightweight repair mortar
concrete or mortar by the “dry” spray
process will be more suitable for long
distances between the repair area and the
point of preparation).

n Quality control issues (e.g. Method 3.3

Method 3.2 Recasting with concrete or mortar Typical recasting repairs, which are also frequently described Structural repair: Class R4:
Sprayed concrete or mortar by- the “wet”
as pourable or grouting repairs, are employed when whole Class R4 Sika® Armorex Armorcrete
spray process, results in easier quality
sections or larger areas of concrete replacement are required. Class R3 nO  ne component
control of the mix).
These include the replacement of all, or substantial sections n Pourable
n Health issues (e.g. Method 3.3 Sprayed of, concrete bridge parapets and balcony walls etc. n Rapid hardening
concrete or mortar: wet spray application is
This method is also very useful for complex structural
to be preferred with reduced dust). SikaGrout®-212 and
supporting sections, such as cross head beams, piers
Sika L2 High Flow
and column sections, which often present problems with
n High final strengths
restricted access and congested reinforcement.
n E xpands during the plastic state of
The most important criteria for the successful application of curing
this type of product is its flowability and the ability to move n E xcellent flow characteristics
around obstructions and heavy reinforcements. Additionally
they often have to be poured in relatively thick sections Class R3:
without thermal shrinkage cracking. This is to ensure that Sikacrete® SCC range
they can fill the desired volume and areas completely, despite n Self-Compacting Concretes
the restricted access and application points. Finally they must
also harden to provide a suitably finished surface, which is
tightly closed and not cracked.

* This table is continued on pages 22 and 23.

20 | 21
EN 1504-9 Principle 3: Concrete Restoration (CR)
Replacing and Restoring Damaged Concrete (continued)

Methods Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika® Products (examples)

Method 3.3 Spraying concrete or mortar Spray applied materials have also been used traditionally Structural repair: Class R4:
for concrete repair works. They are particularly useful for Class R4 SikaCem®-133 Gunite
large volume concrete replacement, for providing additional Class R3 n High performance repair mortar
concrete cover, or in areas with difficult access for concrete n Very dense, high carbonation resistance
pouring or the hand placement of repairs. n “Dry” spray mortar
Today in addition to traditional dry spray machines, there
Sika® MonoTop®-612
are also “wet spray” machines. These have a lower volume
n High performance repair mortar
outputs, but also much lower rebound and produce less dust
n Extremely low shrinkage behaviour
than the dry spray machines. Therefore they can also be used
n Applied by hand or “wet” spray process
economically for smaller or more sensitive repair areas, where
there is restricted access, or in confined environments.
Sika®-Armorex® Armorcrete
The most important application criteria for sprayed repair n Micro-concrete repair system
materials are minimal rebound plus high-build properties to n Extremely low shrinkage behaviour
achieve their required non-sag layer thickness. Application n Applied by hand or machine
under dynamic load and minimal or easy finishing and curing,
is also important due to their areas of use and therefore
difficulties in access.

Method 3.4 Replacing concrete elements In some situations it can be more economical to replace No specific criteria System consisting of Sika® bonding
either the full structure or part of it rather than to carry out primer and Sika® concrete technology
extensive repair works. In this case, care needs to be taken
to provide appropriate structural support and load distribution Sika® bonding primer:
by using suitable bonding systems or agents to ensure this is SikaTop® Armatec®-110
maintained. n Epoxy modified high performance
n Long open time

Sikadur®-32
n Two part epoxy based
n High strength behavior

Sika® concrete technology:

Sika® ViscoCrete® range
Sikament® range

22 | 23
EN 1504-9 Principle 4: Structural Strengthening (SS)
Increasing or Restoring the Structural Load Capacity
Whenever there is a need for structural Methods Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika® Products (examples)
strengthening due to a change of the
structures designation, or to an increase in the Method 4.1 Adding or replacing embedded The selection of the appropriate size and configuration of Shear strength: For embedded bars:
structural load bearing capacity, for example, or external reinforcing bars such reinforcement, plus the locations where it is to be fixed, ≥12 N/mm² Sikadur®-30
the appropriate analysis must be performed must always be determined by the structural engineer. n S tructural adhesive
by a qualified structural engineer. Various n High mechanical strength
methods are available to achieve the necessary n Excellent bonding behavior
strengthening and these include: adding
external support or embedded reinforcing, by
bonding external plates, or by increasing the
dimensions of the structures.

The selection of the appropriate method is

dependant on the different project parameters Method 4.2 Adding reinforcement anchored in The points for anchorages into the concrete should be de- Pull-out: Sika®AnchorFix®-1
such as the cost, site environment and pre-formed or drilled holes signed, produced and installed in accordance with EN 1504 Displacement ≤0.6 mm n F ast setting methacrylate based anchoring
conditions, plus access and maintenance Part 6 and the relevant European Technical Approval Guide- at load of 75 kN adhesive
possibilities etc. line (ETAG-001). The surface cleanliness of the grooves or n Can be used at low temperatures (-10 °C)
anchor holes cut in the concrete should be prepared to be in Creep under tensile load:
Sika has pioneered the development of many accordance with EN 1504 Part 10 Sections 7.2.2 and 7.2.3. Displacement ≤0.6 mm Sikadur®-33+
new materials and techniques in the field of after continuous loading n High performance epoxy adhesive
structural strengthening. Since the early 1960’s of 50 kN after 3 month n Shrinkage-free hardening
this has included the development of steel plate
bonding and epoxy structural adhesives. In the Chloride ion content:
1990’s Sika began working on the adaptation ≤ 0.05%
of these techniques using modern composite
materials, particularly pultruded carbon fibre
plates (Sika® CarboDur®).

Method 4.3 Bonding plate reinforcement Structural strengthening by the bonding of external plates is Shear strength: Sikadur®-30
Since then, Sika has further developed this
carried out in accordance with the relevant national design ≥12 N/mm² n Epoxy based adhesive for use with the
technology by using multidirectional fabrics
codes and EN 1504-4. The exposed surfaces of the concrete carbon fibre reinforced laminate Sika®
(SikaWrap®) based on several different
that are to receive the externally bonded reinforcement E-Modulus in CarboDur® system and as well with
polymer types (carbon, glass, aramid, etc.).
should be thoroughly cleaned and prepared. Any weak, compression: the traditional steel plate reinforcement.
damaged or deteriorated concrete must be removed and ≥ 2000 N/mm²
repaired, to comply with EN 1504 Part 10 Section 7.2.4 and Sikadur®-330
Section 8 this must be completed prior to the overall surface Coefficient of thermal n Epoxy based adhesive used with
preparation and plate-bonding application work being under- expansion: SikaWrap® systems.
taken. ≤ 100 ×10 -6 per K

Method 4.4 Adding mortar or concrete The methods and systems are well documented in Principle System consisting of Sika® bonding
3 Concrete restoration. To ensure the necessary performance, primer and Sika® concrete technology
these products also have to fulfill the requirements of the EN
Mortar/Concrete: Repair materials:
1504-3, class 3 or 4.
Class R4 Sika® MonoTop®-612/-615
Class R3
Sikacrete®-08 SCC

SikaCem®-133 Gunite

Adhesives: Bonding primers:

Shear strength ≥6 N/mm² Sikadur®-32
SikaTop® Armatec®-110 EpoCem®

* This table is continued on pages 26 and 27.

24 | 25
EN 1504-9 Principle 4: Structural Strengthening (SS)
Increasing or Restoring the Structural Load Capacity (continued)
Injecting and sealing cracks generally does Methods Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika® Products (examples)
not structurally strengthen a structure.
However, for remedial work or when temporary Method 4.5 Injecting cracks, voids or The cracks should be cleaned and prepared in accordance Classification of injection Sikadur®-52 and Sikadur®-32
overloading has occurred, the injection of interstices with the guidelines of EN 1504 Part 10 Section 7.2.2. Then material: Injection
low viscous epoxy resin based materials can the most suitable Sika system of resealing and bonding can F: transmitting force / n Two-component epoxy resin
restore the concrete to its original structural be selected, to fully reinstate the structural integrity of the load transfer n Low viscosity
condition. The introduction of prestressed concrete.
composite reinforcement for strengthening has Sika® InjectoCem®-190
now brought this technology to another level. n T wo part micro cement injection
This uses high strength, lightweight carbon nC  orrosion protection of embedded
fibre reinforced plates, plus the curing time reinforcement
is reduced and the application conditions are
extended through innovative electrical heating
of the adhesive.

These innovations serve to further demonstrate

Method 4.6 Filling cracks, voids or interstices When inert cracks, voids or interstices are wide enough, they Classification of injection Sikadur®-52 Injection
that Sika is the clear global leader in this field.
can filled by gravity or by using epoxy patching mortar. material: n T wo-component epoxy resin
n L ow viscosity
F: transmitting force /
load transfer
Sika® InjectoCem®-190
n T wo part micro-cement injection
nC  orrosion protection of embedded
reinforcement

Sikadur®-31
n Two part epoxy adhesive
n High strengths
n Thixotropic: non sag-flow in vertical or
overhead applications

Method 4.7 Prestressing – (post tensioning) Pre-stressing: with this method the system involves applying No specific criteria Carbon fiber prestressing systems:
forces to a structure to deform it in such a way that it will Sika® CarboStress® system
withstand its working loads more effectively, or with less total
deflection. (Note: post-tensioning is a method of pre-stressing
a poured in place concrete structure after the concrete has
hardened.)

26 | 27
EN 1504-9 Principle 5: Physical Resistance (PR)
Increasing the Concrete’s Resistance to Physical and / or Mechanical Attack

Concrete structures are damaged by different Methods Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika® Products (examples)
types of physical or mechanical attack:
Method 5.1 Coating Only reactive coatings are able to provide sufficient Abrasion (Taber-Test): Class II:
n Increased mechanical load
additional protection to the concrete to improve its mass-lost <3000 mg Sikafloor®-263 SL
n Wear and tear from abrasion, such as on a resistance against physical or mechanical attack. n Good chemical and mechanical resistance
floor (e.g. in a warehouse) Capillary absorption: n E xcellent abrasion resistance
w <0.1 kg/m² × √h n S olvent free
n Hydraulic abrasion from water and water
borne solids (e.g. on a dam or in drainage /
Impact resistance: Class I:
sewage channels)
Class I to Class III Sikafloor®-2530 W
n Surface breakdown from the effects of freeze n Two part, water dispersed epoxy resin
– thaw cycles (e.g. on a bridge) Adhesion strength: n Good mechanical and chemical resistance
Elastic: ≥ 0.8 N/mm² or
Sika provides all of the right products to repair ≥ 1.5 N/mm² Sikafloor®-390
all of these different types of mechanical (trafficking) n High chemical resistance
and physical damage on all different types of n Moderate crack-bridging behaviour
Rigid: ≥ 1.0 N/mm² or
concrete structure and in all different climatic
≥ 2.0 N/mm²
and environ-mental conditions.
(trafficking)

Method 5.2 Impregnation An impregnation is defined as the treatment of concrete to Abrasion (Taber-Test): Class I:
reduce the surface porosity and to strengthen the surface. 30% improvement in Sikafloor® CureHard-24
The pores and capillaries are partly or totally filled. This comparison to none n Sodium silicate based
type of treatment also usually results in a discontinuous impregnated sample n Colourless and odourless
thin film of 10 to 100 microns thickness on the surface. nG  ood penetration
Certain impregnations can react with some of the concrete Penetration depth:
constituents to result in higher resistance to abrasion and >5 mm
mechanical attack.
Capillary absorption:
w <0.1 kg/m² × √h

Impact resistance:
Class I to Class III

Method 5.3 Adding mortar or concrete The Methods to be used and suitable systems for this are Mortar/Concrete: Class R4:
defined in Principle 3 Concrete restoration and the products Class R4 Sika® MonoTop®-612
have to fulfill the requirements of EN 1504-3, Class R4 or Class R3 n Very low shrinkage
R3. In some specific instances products may also need to n One component repair mortar
fulfill additional requirements such as resistance to hydraulic
abrasion. The engineer must therefore determine these Sikafloor®-81/-82 EpoCem
additional requirements on each specific structure. n Epoxy modified cement mortar
n High frost and deicing salt resistance

Class R3:
Sikacrete® SSC range
n Self compacting concrete

Sika® MonoTop®-615
n Very low shrinkage
n One component repair mortar

28 | 29
EN 1504-9 Principle 6: Chemical Resistance (RC)
Increasing the Concrete’s Resistance to Chemical Attack
The chemical resistance requirements of Methods Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika® Products (examples)
a concrete structure and its surfaces are
dependent on many parameters including Method 6.1 Coating Only high performance reactive coatings are able to provide Resistance to strong Class II:
the type and concentration of the chemicals, sufficient protection to concrete and improve its resistance to chemical attack: Sikagard®-63 N
the temperatures and the likely duration of chemical attack. Class I to Class III n Two part epoxy resin with good chemical
exposure, etc. Appropriate assessment of the and mechanical resistance
risks is a prerequisite to allowing the correct Adhesion strength: n Tightly cross-linked surface
protection strategy to be developed for any Elastic: ≥ 0.8 N/mm² or
specific structure. ≥ 1.5 N/mm² Sikafloor®-390
(trafficking) n High chemical resistance
Different types of protective coatings are n Moderate crack-bridging behaviour
Rigid: ≥ 1.0 N/mm² or
available from Sika to provide full or short term
≥ 2.0 N/mm²
chemical resistance, according to their type and Class I:
(trafficking)
degree of exposure. Sikafloor®-264/-263 SL
n Good chemical and mechanical resistance
Sika therefore provides a full range of n E xcellent abrasion resistance
protective coatings to protect concrete in all n S olvent free
different chemical environments. These are
based on many different resins and materials Method 6.2 Impregnation An impregnation is defined as the treatment of concrete to Resistance to chemical Sikafloor® CureHard-24
including: acrylic, epoxy, polyurethane silicate, reduce the porosity and to strengthen the surface. The pores attack after 30 d exposure n Sodium silicate based
epoxy-cement combinations, polymer modified and capillaries are then partly or totally filled. This type of n Colourless and odourless
cement etc. treatment usually also results in a discontinuous thin film of nG  ood penetration
10 to 100 microns thickness on the surface. This therefore
serves to block the pore system to aggressive agents.

Method 6.3 Adding mortar or concrete The Methods and systems required are defined in Principle 3, Mortar/Concrete: Class R4:
Concrete restoration. To be able to resist a certain level of Class R4 Sikagard®-720 EpoCem®/
chemical attack, cement based products need to be formulated Sikafloor®-81/-82 EpoCem®
with special cements and/or combined with epoxy resins. n Epoxy modified cement mortars
The engineer has to define these specific requirements on n Good chemical resistance
each structure. n Very dense and watertight

30 | 31
EN 1504-9 Principle 7: Preserving or Restoring Passivity (RP)
Levelling and Restoring the Concrete Surface and Profile

Corrosion of the reinforcing steel in a concrete Methods Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika® Products (examples)
structure only happens when various conditions
are met: loss of passivity, the presence of Method 7.1 Increasing cover with additional If the reinforcement does not have adequate concrete Carbonation resistance: Class R4:
oxygen and the presence of sufficient moisture mortar or concrete. cover, then by adding cementitious mortar or concrete the Class R4 or R3 Sika® MonoTop®-612
in the surrounding concrete. chemical attack (e.g. from carbonation or chlorides) on the SikaCem®-133 Gunite
reinforcement will be reduced. Compressive strength: Sika® Rapid Repair Mortar
If one of these conditions is not met, then Class R4 or R3 Sika®-Armorex® Armorcrete
corrosion cannot occur. In normal conditions,
the reinforcement steel is protected from the Adhesive bond: Class R3:
alkalinity surrounding the concrete cover. This Class R4 or R3 Sika® MonoTop®-615
alkalinity creates a passive film of oxide on
the steel surface which protects the steel from
Method 7.2 Replacing contaminated or Through removing damaged concrete and rebuilding the Carbonation resistance: Class R4:
corrosion.
carbonated concrete. concrete cover over the reinforcement, the steel is again Class R4 or R3 Sika® MonoTop®-612
protected by the alkalinity of its surroundings. SikaCem®-133 Gunite
However, this passive film can be damaged due
Compressive strength:
to the reduction of the alkalinity by carbonation Class R3:
Class R4 or R3
and when the carbonation front has reached the Sika® MonoTop®-615
reinforcement steel. A break-down also occurs
Adhesive bond: Sika concrete technology for quality concrete
due to chloride attack. In both these instances,
Class R4 or R3 replacement:
the protecting passivation is then lost. Different
Sika® ViscoCrete®
methods to reinstate (or to preserve) the
Sikament®
passivity of the reinforcement are available.

The selection of the appropriate method will Method 7.3 Electrochemical realkalisation of Realkalisation of concrete structures by electrochemical No specific criteria For post-treatment:
depend on various parameters such as: the carbonated concrete treatment is a process performed by applying an electric Sikagard®-720 EpoCem®
reasons for the passivity loss e.g. due to current between the embedded reinforcement to an external
carbonation or chloride attack), the extent of system consisting of an anode mesh which is embedded in For post-treatment:
the damage, the specific site conditions, the an electrolytic reservoir, placed temporarily on the concrete Sikagard®-680 S
repair and protection strategy, maintenance surface. This treatment does not prevent the future ingress of
possibilities, costs, etc. carbon dioxide. So to be effective in the long term, it needs
to be combined with appropriate protective coatings that
prevent future carbonation and chloride ingress.

Method 7.4 Realkalisation of carbonated There is limited experience with this method. It requires the No specific criteria For post-treatment:
concrete by diffusion application of a very alkaline coating over the carbonated Sikagard®-720 EpoCem®
concrete surface and the realkalisation is achieved by the
slow diffusion of the alkali through the carbonated zone. For post-treatment:
This process takes a very long time and it is very difficult to Sikagard®-680 S
control the right distribution of the material. After treatment,
it is also always recommended to prevent further carbonation
by applying a suitable protective coating.

Method 7.5 Electrochemical chloride extraction The electrochemical chloride extraction process is very No specific criteria For post-treatment:
similar in nature to cathodic protection. The process penetrating hydrophobic impregnation with
involves the application of an electrical current between Sikagard®-700S
the embedded reinforcement and an anode mesh placed at plus protective coating
the outer surface of the concrete structure. As a result, the Sikagard®-680 S
chlorides are driven out toward the surface.
Once the treatment is completed, the concrete structure
has to be protected with a suitable treatment to prevent the
further ingress of chlorides (post treatment).

32 | 33
EN 1504-9 Principle 8: Increasing Resistivity (IR)
Increasing the Electrical Resistivity of the Concrete to reduce the Risk of Corrosion

Principle 8 deals with increasing the resistivity Methods Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika® Products (examples)
of the concrete, which is directly connected to
the level of moisture available in the concrete Method 8.1 Hydrophobic Impregnation A hydrophobic impregnation is defined as the treatment of Penetration: Sikagard®-700 range
pores. The higher the resistivity, the lower is concrete to produce a water-repellent surface. The pores Class II: ≥10 mm n Based on silane hydrophobic
the amount of free moisture available in the and capillary network are not filled, but only lined with the n Penetrate deeply and provide a liquid
pores. hydrophobic material. This functions by reducing the surface Drying rate coefficient: water-repellent surface
tension of liquid water, preventing its passage through the Class I: >30%
This means that reinforced concrete with high pores, but still allowing each way water vapour diffusion, Class II: >10% Sikagard®-700 S (Class I)
resistivity will have a low corrosion risk. which is in accordance with standard good practice in
building physics. Water absorption and
Principle 8 deals with the increase of the resistance to alkali:
concrete’s electrical resistivity, therefore then absorption rate: <7.5%
covers almost the same Methods of repair as alkali solution: <10%
Principle 2 (MC) Moisture Control.

Method 8.2 Impregnation An impregnation is defined as the treatment of concrete to Penetration depth: Sikafloor® CureHard-24
reduce the surface porosity and to strengthen the surface. ≥5 mm n Sodium silicate based
The pores and capillaries are then partly or totally filled. n Colourless and odourless
This type of treatment usually also results in a discontinuous Capillary absorption: nG  ood penetration
thin film of 10 to 100 microns thickness on the surface. This w <0.1 kg/m² × √h
serves to block the pore system to aggressive agents.

Method 8.3 Coating Surface coatings are defined as materials designed to provide Capillary absorption: Elastic systems:
an improved concrete surface, for increased resistance or w <0.1 kg/m² × √h Sikagard®-550 W Elastic
performance against specific external influences. Fine surface n Acrylic resin
cracks with a total movement of up to 0.3 mm can be safely  ater vapour ability:
W n Waterproofing and Elastic (crack-bridging)
repaired, then sealed and their movement accommodated by Class I: Sd <5 m
elastic, crack bridging coatings, which are also waterproof Rigid systems:
and carbonation resistant. This is to accommodate thermal Adhesion strength: Sikagard®-680 S
and dynamic movement in structures subject to wide Elastic: ≥ 0.8 N/mm² or n Acrylic resin
temperature fluctuation, vibration, or that have been ≥ 1.5 N/mm² n Waterproof
constructed with inadequate or insufficient jointing details. (trafficking)
Sikagard® Wallcoat
Rigid: ≥ 1.0 N/mm² or
n Two part epoxy resin
≥ 2.0 N/mm²
n Water barrier
(trafficking)

Sikagard® Elastic 675W

n Acrylic resin water based
n Waterproof

34 | 35
EN 1504-9 Principle 9: Cathodic Control (CC)
Preventing Corrosion of the Steel Reinforcement

Principle 9 relies upon restricting the access of Methods Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika® Products (examples)
oxygen to all potentially cathodic areas, to the
point when corrosion is prevented. Method 9.1 Method 9.1 Limiting oxygen Creating conditions in which any potentially cathodic areas Penetration depth of Corrosion inhibitor
content (at the cathode) by surface of the reinforcement are unable to drive an anodic reaction. surface applied inhibitors: Sika® FerroGard®-903+
An example of this is to limit the available saturation, surface coating or film Inhibitors (added to the concrete as admixtures or surface >100 ppm (parts per (surface applied)
oxygen content by the use of coatings on the forming inhibitors on the steel. applied as an impregnation on the hardened surface) form a million) at rebar level n Amino alcohol based inhibitors
steel surface film on the surface of the reinforcement and prevent access n L ong term protection and durability
to oxygen. n E conomic extension of the service life of
Another is the application of a film forming
reinforced concrete structures
inhibitor that will block the access of oxygen at
the steel surface. This can be effective when the
inhibitor migrates in sufficient quantities and
forms a film to provide a barrier to the oxygen.

EN 1504-9 Principle 10: Cathodic Protection (CP)

Preventing Corrosion of the Steel Reinforcement
Principle 10 refers to cathodic protection Methods Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika® Products (examples)
systems. These are electrochemical systems
which decrease the corrosion potential to a level Method 10.1 Applying an electrical potential. In Induced Current Cathodic Protection, the current is Resistivity of the mortar: Mortars for embedded cathodic protection
where the rate of the reinforcing steel dissolution supplied by an external electrical source and is distributed according to local require- mesh:
is significantly reduced. This can be achieved by in the electrolyte via auxiliary anodes (e.g. mesh placed ments
Spray applied mortar:
creating a direct electric current flow from the on top of and connected to the reinforcing steel). These
Sika® MonoTop®-612 and
surrounding concrete to the reinforcing steel, auxiliary anodes are generally embedded in a mortar in
SikaCem®-133 Gunite
in order to eliminate the anodic parts of the order to protect them from degradation. To work efficiently
n Low shrinkage
corrosion reaction. This current is provided by the system requires the surrounding mortar to have a
n Sufficient resistivity
an external source (Induced Current Cathodic resistivity low enough to allow sufficient current transfer.
Protection), or by creating a galvanic current Levelling mortar:
through connecting the steel to a less noble Sikafloor® Level-30
metal (galvanic anodes e.g. zinc). n Self levelling
n Sufficient resistivity

Embedding mortar:
Sika® Ebonex Grout and Sika®
Galvashield® Embedding Mortar
n Controlled resistivity mortar

36 | 37
EN 1504-9 Principle 11: Control of Anodic Areas (CA)
Preventing Corrosion of the Steel Reinforcement

In considering the control of anodic areas Methods Pictures Description Main Criteria Sika® Products (examples)
to prevent corrosion with Principle 11, it is
important to understand that Method 11.1 Active coating of the reinforcement These coatings contain active pigments that can function Compliance with Cement based:
particularly in heavily chloride contami-nated as an inhibitor or provide a passive environment due to EN 1504-7 Sika® MonoTop®-610
structures, spalling due to rein-forcement its alkalinity. Although care must be taken to apply them n 1-component corrosion protection
corrosion happens first in areas of low properly, they are less sensitive to application defects than n Good resistance to water and chloride
concrete cover. Additionally it is also important barrier coatings. penetration
to protect repaired areas from the future
ingress of aggres-sive agents (carbonation, Epoxy modified cement based:
chlorides). SikaTop® Armatec®-110 EpoCem®
n High density, suitable for demanding
A protective cement slurry can be applied environment
directly on the reinforcement after appropriate n E xcellent adhesion to steel and concrete
cleaning, to prevent further steel dissolution at
the anodic areas.

Additionally, to protect against the formation

of incipient anodes in the areas surrounding
the patch repairs, a corrosion inhibitor can
be applied to migrate through the concrete Method 11.2 Barrier coating of the reinforcement These coatings work by completely isolating the reinforce- Compliance with Epoxy based:
and reach the reinforcement, where it forms a ment from oxygen or water. Therefore they require higher EN 1504-7 Sikadur®-32
barrier, also protecting the anodic zones. levels of surface preparation and application control. This is n Low sensitivity to moisture
because they can only be effective if the steel is completely n Very dense, no chloride penetration
Note: Dual function inhibitors such as Sika® free from corrosion and fully coated without any defects –
FerroGard® also protect the cathodic area this can be very difficult to achieve in site conditions. Any
simultaneously. effective reduction in the bonding of the repair material to
the treated reinforcement should also be considered.

Method 11.3 Applying corrosion inhibitors Applying corrosion inhibitors to the concrete surface, they Penetration depth of Corrosion inhibitor:
in or to the concrete. diffuse to the reinforcement and form a protective layer on surface applied corrosion Sika® FerroGard®-903+
the rebars. These corrosion inhibitors can also be added as inhibitors to achieve: (surface applied)
admixtures to the repair mortars or concrete that is used for >100 ppm (parts per n Amino alcohol based inhibitors
the concrete reinstatement works. million) at rebar level n L ong term protection and durability
n E conomic extension of the service live of
reinforced concrete structures

38 | 39
Summary Flow Chart and Phases of the Correct Conc rete Repair and Protection Procedure
In Accordance with European Standards EN 1504

Flow Chart of the EN 1504 Concrete Repair and Protection Procedure with the Sika® Systems

S H
U Create
Visible Carry out Concrete Y Structural Y
Specify bonding Apply structural repair mortar N A
Y Condition Structural primer (as required) maintenance Final
R cracking and
survey
“root cause”
assessment
repair concrete
and repair mortar
n Sika® MonoTop® (class R4)
management inspection N
staining analysis necessary? repair n Sika® MonoTop® (class R3)
V (Class R3 or R4) strategy? D
E O
Y N N N Specify Apply structural repair mortar Y V
Y repair mortar n Sika® MonoTop® (class R2) E
(Class R2 or R1) n Sika® MonoTop® (class R1)
R
Any Set up corrosion
latent Y Define the Any actions monitoring system
damage? further life cycle required?

Apply
Crack-
N Check of necessary
Enhance Y bridging
n Sikagard® elastic coatings
N concrete or
appearance? abilities
n Sikalastic® membranes
steel protection n Sikafloor® elastic coating
needed?
Continue n Sikaflex® joint sealants
regular
monitoring N N Apply
n Sikagard® coatings
n Sikafloor® coating

Apply
n Sika® FerroGard® inhibitors and/or
n Sikagard® hydrophobic impregnations

The Phases of Concrete Repair and Protection Projects in Accordance with EN 1504 Part 9

Information about the Structure Process of Assessment Management Strategy Design of Repair Work Repair Work Acceptance of Repair Work

History of structure Defect diagnosis Repair options Definition of performance Final product selection Acceptance of testing
Review documentation Analysis results Select Principles Substrate preparation Equipment selection Acceptance of finishing
Condition survey Root cause identification Select Methods Products Health and safety assessment Final documentation
Structural assessment Health and safety issues Application QA/QC definition Maintenance strategy
Specifications
Drawings

EN 1504-9, Clause 4, Annex A EN 1504-9, Clause 4, Annex A EN 1504-9, Clauses 5 and 6, EN 1504 Parts 2–7 and EN 1504-9, EN 1504-9, Clause 9 and 10 and EN 1504-9, Clause 8 and
Annex A Clauses 6, 7 and 9 EN 1504-10 EN 1504-10

Related Pages in this Brochure

See more details on page 4 See more details on page 6/7 See more details on page 42 – 45 See more details on page 12 – 39 See more details on page 46 – 47 See more details on page 5

40 | 41
Selection of the Methods to be Used for Concrete Repair

In the matrix tables below the most common causes of deterioration of reinforced concrete structures and their possible repair
methods are listed. This list is intended to be indicative instead of exhaustive. The repair proposals must be customised according
to the specific conditions on each project. Deviations from this matrix are therefore possible and these must be determined
individually for each situation. The numbers indicated in the tables are reference to the relevant Principles and Methods defined in
EN 1504-9.

Concrete Deterioration Reinforcement Corrosion Deterioration

Deterioration Type Low Damage Medium Damage Heavy Damage Deterioration Type Low Damage Medium Damage Heavy Damage

Mechanical/Physical 1.5 Filling of cracks 1.5 F illing of cracks 4.5 Injecting cracks, voids Concrete spalling due to 3.1 Hand applied mortar 3.1 Hand applied mortar 3.2 Recasting with concrete
Cracks or interstices carbonation or mortar
1.6 Transferring cracks 3.2 Recasting with concrete and
into joints 4.6 F illing cracks, voids or mortar 4.1 Adding or replacing
or interstices embedded or external
3.3 Spraying concrete reinforcing bars
Mechanical 3.1 Hand applied mortar 3.1 Hand applied mortar 3.2 R
 ecasting with concrete
or mortar
Impact or mortar
3.3 Spraying concrete
3.2 Recasting with concrete
or mortar
or mortar 3.3 S praying concrete
and
or mortar
4.2 Adding reinforcement
3.3 Spraying concrete or mortar
anchored in pre-formed
3.4 R
 eplacing elements
or drilled holes
Mechanical 3.1 Hand applied mortar 3.1 Hand applied mortar 3.3 S praying concrete
Fatigue and and or mortar 7.2 Replacing contaminated
Overload 4.4 Adding mortar or concrete 4.1 Adding or replacing and or carbonated concrete
Vibration embedded or external 4.3 B onding plate
reinforcing bars reinforcement Reinforcement corrosion due 3.1 Hand applied mortar 3.1 H
 and applied mortar 3.4 Replacing elements
to chlorides
3.1 Hand applied mortar 3.2 R ecasting with concrete 3.2 R
 ecasting with concrete 7.2 Replacing contaminated
and or mortar or mortar or carbonated concrete
4.2 Adding reinforcement and and
anchored in pre-formed 4.7 Prestressing 3.3 S praying concrete 4.1 Adding or replacing
or drilled holes (post-tensioning) or mortar embedded or external
reinforcing bars
3.4 R
 eplacing elements
7.2 Replacing contaminated
Physical 3.1 Hand applied mortar 5.1 Coating (cement based) 5.3 Adding mortar or concrete or carbonated concrete
Freeze/thaw and
5.1 Coating (cement based) 5.3 Adding mortar or concrete 4.3 Bonding plate
reinforcement
Chemical 6.1 Coating (cement based) 6.1 Coating (cement based) 6.3 Adding mortar or concrete
Aggressive agents 6.2 Impregnation Stray electrical currents 3.1 Hand applied mortar 3.2 Recasting with concrete 3.2 Recasting with concrete
Biological action 6.3 Adding mortar or concrete 3.2 R
 ecasting with concrete or mortar or mortar or mortar
3.2 Recasting with concrete and
3.3 S praying concrete or mortar 3.3 Spraying concrete or 4.2 Adding reinforcement
or mortar mortar anchored in pre-formed
or drilled holes

3.3 Spraying concrete

Low damage: local damage, no influence on load capacity or mortar
Medium damage: local to extensive damage, slight influence on load capacity and
Heavy damage: extensive to large-scale damage, strong influence on load capacity 4.1 Adding or replacing
embedded or external
reinforcing bars

42 | 43
Selection of the Methods to be Used for Concrete and Re inforcement Protection

The protection required for concrete structures as well as for embedded steel reinforcement is dependent on the type of
structure, its environmental location, its use and the maintenance strategy.
The protection proposals are therefore adapted to the local conditions.
Deviations from these are therefore possible and should always be determined on each individual project.
The numbers indicated in the tables below are the references to the relevant Principles and Methods of EN 1504-9.

Protection to Concrete Protection to Reinforcement

Protection Low Level Medium Level Heavy Level Protection Low Level Medium Level Heavy Level
Requirements Requirements
Cracks 1.1 Hydrophobic impregnation 1.1 H
 ydrophobic impregnation 1.3 C
 oating (elastic) Carbonation 11.3  Applying corrosion 8.3 Coating 8.3 Coating
inhibitors in or to the and   and
1.3 Coating 1.3 C
 oating (elastic) 1.8 Applying membranes (sheet or concrete 11.3 Applying corrosion 11.3 Applying corrosion
liquid) inhibitors in or to the inhibitors in or to the
concrete concrete

7.3 Electrochemical
Mechanical 5.2 Impregnation 5.1 Coating 5.3 Adding mortar or realkalization of
Impact concrete carbonated concrete
Physical 5.1 Coating 5.1 Coating 5.1 Coating
Freeze/thaw 7.4 Realkalisation of carbonated
5.2 Impregnation 5.2 Impregnation 5.3 Adding mortar or concrete concrete by diffusion
and
8.3 Coating
Corrosive contaminants 8.1 Hydrophobic 11.3 Applying corrosion 7.5 Electrochemical chloride
Chemical 6.1 Coating 6.1 Coating (elastic) 6.1 Coating (elastic) Chlorides impregnation inhibitors in or to the extraction
Alkali aggregate reactions concrete and
(AAR) 6.2 Impregnation 6.2 Impregnation 1.8 Applying membranes (sheet or 8.2 Impregnation and 8.3 Coating
liquid) 8.1 Hydrophobic
8.3 Coating impregnation 7.5 Electrochemical chloride
extraction
11.3 Applying corrosion 11.3 Applying corrosion and
Chemical 6.2 Impregnation 6.3 Adding mortar or 6.1 Coating (reactive)
inhibitors in or to the inhibitors in or to the 11.2 Barrier coating of the
concrete
concrete concrete reinforcement
and
8.3 Coating 10.1 Applying an electrical
Low level: slight concrete defects and/or short-term protection potential
Medium level: moderate concrete defects and/or mid-term protection
Stray currents If disconnection of the If disconnection of the If disconnection of the
Heavy level: extensive concrete defects and/or long-term protection electrical current is not electrical current is not electrical current is not
possible: possible: possible:

10.1 Applying an electrical 10.1 Applying an electrical 10.1 Applying an electrical

potential potential potential

44 | 45
The Independent Assessment and Approvals of Sika® Products and Systems,
Plus Testing and Proof Statements in Accordance with the Requirements of EN 1504

Sika uses specific in-house and independent testing and assessment criteria to evaluate
all of its products and systems for concrete repair and protection, which are fully in
accordance with the requirements of the appropriate parts and sections of European
Standard EN 1504 (Parts 2 – 7). The Sika Product and System Testing and Assessment
criteria for these concrete repair and protection materials are as follows:

Protecting exposed reinforcement Replacing damaged concrete The Performance Criteria Production Quality Assurance / Quality
Bond strength to steel and concrete Bond strength Control
Product and System Performance
Corrosion protection Compressive and flexural strengths
It is also necessary for
Permeability to water Permeability to water There are functional and performance
any product or system to
Permeability to water vapour Elastic modulus (stiffness) requirements which must be met by both
meet well defined Quality
Permeability to carbon dioxide Restrained shrinkage the individual products as components
Assurance and Quality
of a system and the system functioning
Thermal compatibility Control standards in
together as a whole.
production. This is why
Sika produces to ISO 9001 Standards in
Levelling the profile and filling surface pores Sealing and coating – preventing the Practical Application Criteria of the all of our production facilities throughout
Performance the world. Sika also publishes product
Bond strength ingress of aggressive elements
and system specification details together
Permeability to carbon dioxide In addition to their performance in place
with Method Statements for the products
Permeability and absorption of water Waterproofing with hydrophobic on the structure, it is also essential to
application on site. Quality Control
impregnations define and then test the application
Procedures and checklists are available
Penetration ability characteristics and properties of the
to support the site supervision in the
products. At Sika we ensure that these
Water-repelling ability overall management of concrete repair and
are in accordance with the guidelines
Water vapour permeability protection projects.
of EN 1504 Part 10, but additionally we
Freeze / thaw resistance also ensure that Sika products can all be
applied practically on site and in all of the
differing climatic conditions that will be
Anti-carbonation coatings encountered around the world.
Bond strength
Cross-cut performance For example:
Permeability to carbon dioxide Sika repair mortars must be suitable
Permeability to water vapour for use in differing thicknesses, areas
UV light resistance and volumes of repair, which need to
Alkaline substrate resistance be applied in as few layers as possible.
Freeze/thaw resistance They must then rapidly become weather
Fire resistance resistant.
Ease of cleaning
Equally Sikagard® coatings must
have adequate viscosity and the right
thixotropic properties at different
Crack-bridging anti-carbonation temperatures, in order to obtain the
coatings desired wet and dry film thicknesses.
As above for anti-carbonation This should be achieved in the minimum
coatings, plus: number of coats, plus they must also
Crack-bridging ability achieve adequate opacity and become
weather resistant quickly.
– Statically
– Dynamically
– At low temperatures (–20 °C/–4 °F)

46 | 47
Additional Performance Testing and the Extensive Independent Durability
Assessments of Sika® Products and Systems

Concrete Repair Concrete Protection

The “Baenziger Block” for Mortar Testing Testing Product Application Testing the Performance of Corrosion Inhibitors Additional Test Procedure for
under Dynamic Load Hydrophobic Impregnations
Application for installation and Sika introduced Surface Applied Corrosion
Inhibitors in 1997. In addition to the European Standard EN
performance testing of repair mortars
1504-2, the penetration performance
under live dynamic loading. Since then, millions of square metres of of hydrophobic impregnations in
reinforced concrete have been protected concrete is tested by measuring the
Filled “Baenziger Block” with crack sensitive F/2
F
F/2 from corrosion all over the world. Sika® water absorption in the depth profile of
Mortar.
FerroGard® -903 covers the Principle concrete (e.g. on concrete cores from the
9 (Cathodic control) and Principle 11 top surface till 10 mm depth). Therefore
(Anodic control). Since this introduction the maximum penetration depth and
many studies have confirmed the efficiency effectiveness could be determined. On
of the corrosion protection afforded by this that penetration limit, the exact quantity
The unfilled “Baenziger Block”. Mortar with good crack behavior. technology. of the active ingredient in the concrete
The latest international is measured in the laboratory by FT-IR
reports, amongst many analysis. This value reflects the minimum
Sika advanced repair mortar product The “Baenziger Block” has now been Additionally there is the European
available from leading content of hydrophobic particles and can
performance testing assessed as the optimal specification and SAMARIS project begun in 2002 which
institutions worldwide, therefore also be used for quality control
configuration for evaluating the sensitivity forms part of the major European
The “Baenziger Block” for concrete repair are from the University on site.
of repair materials by the USA Department Community research project: Sustainable
mortars testing allows direct comparisons and of Cape Town South Africa, showing its
of the Interior CREE Programme and Advanced Materials for Road Infra-
measurements of performance between products, efficiency in carbonated structures. From
production methods, production facilities and Structure). This was set up to investigate
the Building Research Establishment (BRE)
application conditions anywhere in the world. innovative techniques for the maintenance
showing the effectiveness of Sika®
of RC structures.
FerroGard® -903 applied as a
This Sika innovation allows: preventative measure in a heavily chloride These reports all concluded that when the
Direct comparison worldwide contaminated environment and this was appropriate conditions are met, Sika®
The Real Proof on Real Structures – Independent Evaluation carefully evaluated over a 2 to 5 year FerroGard® -903 is a cost-effective
Application horizontal, vertical and overhead method of corrosion mitigation.
of Completed Projects programme (BRE 224-346A)
Realistic site dimensions

Additional lab testing by coring A major international study of completed

repair projects by inspection, testing
Shrinkage and performance crack testing and review was undertaken in 1997 by
leading independent consultants and Accelerated Weathering Sikagard® products are tested for (equivalent to in excess of 15 years
testing institutes. testing their performance as anti-carbonation atmospheric exposure). Only this type of
and water vapour diffusible coatings, both practically applied laboratory testing can
This involved more than twenty major when freshly applied and also after up to give a true and complete picture of a
buildings and civil engineering structures 10 000 hours of accelerated weathering product and its long-term performance.
in Norway, Denmark, Germany,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom Sikagard® crack-bridging coating
which were repaired and protected products and systems are tested to
with Sika systems between 1977 and confirm their dynamic performance at
1986. These were re-inspected and low temperatures down to -20 °C.
their condition and the repair systems’ repair and protection products. They also Sikagard® coatings will therefore
performance assessed after periods from confirm Sika’s pioneering work in the early continue to perform long after many
10 to 20 years by leading consultants development of the modern, systematic other so-called “protective” coatings
specializing in this field. approach to concrete repair and protection. have ceased to provide any effective
The excellent condition of the structures These reports are available in a printed protection.
and the materials performance reports Sika reference document “Quality and
that were the conclusions of these Durability in Concrete Repair and
engineers, provide a clear and Protection”.
unequivocal testimony for Sika’s concrete

48 | 49
Examples of Typical Concrete Damage and its Repair and Protection with Sika® Systems

Commercial/Residential Buildings Bridges Multi-Storey Car Parks Sewage Treatment Plants

Defects: Sika Solutions:* Defects: Sika Solutions:* Defects: Sika Solutions:* Defects: Sika Solutions:*

 Concrete  Applying concrete or repair mortar by  Concrete  Applying concrete or repair mortar  Concrete  Applying concrete or repair mortar by  Concrete  Applying concrete or repair mortar by
Spalling Hand or Spraying Spalling b y Hand or Spraying Spalling Hand, Pouring or Spraying Spalling Hand or Spraying
Sika® MonoTop® -615 Sika® MonoTop® -612 or Sika® MonoTop® -612, Sika®  Sika® MonoTop® -612
Admixtures for concrete with Sikament® SikaCem® -133 Gunite MonoTop® 615, Sika® Rapid Admixtures for concrete with
Admixtures for concrete with Repair Mortar, Sika® Armorex Sika® ViscoCrete®
Exposed  Protect the rebars from corrosion Sika® ViscoCrete® Armorcrete
Steel Sika® MonoTop® -610  Exposed  Protect the rebars from corrosion
Exposed  Protect the rebars from corrosion  Exposed  Protect the rebars from corrosion Steel SikaTop® Armatec® -110
Embedded  Protection of the reinforcement by Steel SikaTop® Armatec® -110 Steel SikaTop® Armatec® -110 EpoCem®, Sikadur® -32
Steel applying the corrosion inhibitors EpoCem®, Sikadur® -32 EpoCem® for highly corrosive for highly corrosive environments
Sika® FerroGard®-903 for highly corrosive environment environment
or  Cracks  For non-moving cracks
Cracks  For non-moving cracks Embedded  Protection of the reinforcement by Sika® MonoTop® -610 Sikagard®-720 EpoCem
Sika® MonoTop®-620 Steel applying the corrosion inhibitors
Sika® FerroGard®-903  Embedded  Protection of the reinforcement by  For fine surface cracks
 For fine surface cracks Steel applying the corrosion inhibitors Sikafloor®-390
Sikagard®-550 W Elastic Cracks  For non-moving cracks Sika® FerroGard®-903
Sika® MonoTop®-620 Sika® Galvashield® -XP2  Cracks more than 0.3 mm wide
Concrete  Coatings to protect the concrete Sika® Injection-201
Protection Sikagard® ElastoColor 675 W  For fine surface cracks  Cracks  For non-moving cracks
Sikagard®-700 S Sikagard®-550 W Elastic Sika® MonoTop®-620  Concrete  Coatings to protect the concrete
Protection Sikagard®-720 EpoCem®
Joints Sikaflex®-AT Façade  Cracks more than 0.3 mm wide  For fine surface cracks SikaCor® Poxitar F
Sikadur®-52 Injection Sikagard®-550 W Elastic
 Joints Sikadur® Combiflex® System
Concrete  Coating to protect the concrete  Cracks more than 0.3 mm wide
Protection Sikagard®-680 S Sikadur®-52 Injection
Sikagard®-706 Thixo
 Applying  Protection of the concrete from water,
Joints Sikadur® Combiflex® System Membranes ingress and mechanical damage by
applying wearing coatngs
Flexible membranes: Sikafloor®-
350N/375 OS11A System or
Sikafloor® Pronto 15 System
Rigid membranes: Sikafloor®-264 or
Sikafloor® Pronto 14 System

* Additional Sika solutions are also possible, please refer to specific documentation or contact our Concrete  Coatings to protect the concrete
Protection Sikagard®-675 W Elastocolor
Technical Service Departments for advice.
Sikagard® 700 S 50 | 51
SIKA FULL RANGE SOLUTIONS
FOR CONSTRUCTION:

WATERPROOFING CONCRETE REFURBISHMENT MERCHANT

SEALING AND BONDING FLOORING ROOFING INDUSTRY

FOR MORE INFORMATION:

WHO WE ARE
Sika Limited and Sika Ireland Limited are part of the global Sika Group,
specialising in the manufacture and supply of chemical based products. Sika
have a leading position in the development and production of systems and
products for bonding, sealing, damping, reinforcing, and protecting in the building
sector and the motor vehicle industry. Sika has subsidiaries in 93 countries
around the world and manufactures in over 170 factories. With approximately
17,000 employees Sika generates annual sales of CHF 5.49 billion (£3.98bn). We
are also committed to providing quality, service, safety and environmental care.

In the UK and Ireland, we provide market-leading solutions for concrete,

waterproofing, roofing, flooring, refurbishment, sealing & bonding, and industry,

JULY 2016
and have manufacturing sites in Welwyn Garden City, Preston, Leeds and Dublin
with more than 700 employees and a turnover of more than £130 million.

REFURBISHMENT/CONCRETE REPAIR EN 1504 2012 UPDATE NEW COVER ONLY

The information, and, in particular, the recommendations relating to the application and end use
of Sika® products, are given in good faith based on Sika’s current knowledge and experience of
the products when properly stored, handled and applied under normal conditions. In practice,
the differences in materials, substrates and actual site conditions are such that no warranty in
respect of merchantability or of fitness for a particular purpose, nor any liability arising out of any
legal relationship whatsoever, can be inferred either from this information, or from any written
recommendations, or from any other advice offered. The proprietary rights of third parties must
be observed. Please refer to our homepage www.sika.co.uk for our current standard terms &
conditions applicable to all orders. Users should always refer to the most recent issue of the Product
Data Sheet for the product concerned, copies of which will be supplied on request.

FM 12504 EMS 45308 OHS 585274

WP/1k/July2016

SIKA LIMITED Contact

Head Office Phone +44 1 707 394444
Watchmead Fax +44 1 707 329129
Welwyn Garden City E-Mail enquiries@uk.sika.com
Hertfordshire, AL7 1BQ www.sika.co.uk
United Kingdom @SikaLimited

SIKA IRELAND LIMITED Contact

Sika House Phone +353 1 862 0709
Ballymun Industrial Estate Fax +353 1 862 0707
Dublin 11, D11 DA2V E-Mail info@ie.sika.com
Ireland www.sika.ie