M 86 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

Standard Specification for

Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe

AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 86-931

(ASTM DESIGNATION: C 14-90)

1. SCOPE1 3. TERMINOLOGY 6.2 Cementitious Materials:

6.2.1 Cement-Cement shall conform to
1.1 This specification covers non rein- 3.1 Definitions-For definitions of terms the requirements for portland cement of
forced concrete pipe intended to be used relating to concrete pipe, see AASHTO AASHTO M 85 or shall be portland
for the conveyance of sewage, industrial M 262. blast-furnace slag cement or portland-
wastes, storm water, and for the construc- pozzolan cement conforming to the re-
tion of culverts. quirements of AASHTO M 240, except
4. CLASSIFICATION that the pozzolan constituent in the Type
1.2 A complete metric companion to IP portland pozzolan cement shall be fly
AASHTO M 86 has been developed-M ash and shall not exceed 25 percent by
86M; therefore, no metric equivalents are 4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this
weight.
presented in this specification. specification shall be of three classes
identified as "Class 1 Nonreinforced 6.2.2 Fly Ash-Fly ash shall conform to
NOTE 1-This specification is a manufacturing Concrete Pipe," "Class 2 Nonreinforced the requirements of AASHTO M 295,
and purchase specification only and does not Class F or Class C.
include requirements for bedding, backfill, or
Concrete Pipe," and "Class 3 Nonreinfor-
the relationship between earth coverload and ced Concrete Pipe." The corresponding 6.2.3 Allowable Combinations of Ce-
the strength classification of pipe. However, strength requirements are prescribed in mentitious Materials-The combination of
experience has shown that the successful Table 1. cementitious materials used in the con-
performance of this product depends upon the crete shall be one of the following:
proper selection of the class of pipe, type of
bedding and backfill and care in the field 5. BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE 6.2.3.1 Portland cement only,
construction work. The purchaser of the 6.2.3.2 Portland blast-furnace slag ce-
concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that ment only,
the field requirements must be correlated with 5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be
the class of pipe specified and provided for or determined by the results of the test 6.2.3.3 Portland pozzolan cement only,
require adequate inspection iii the manufac- prescribed in this section, when required, or
turing plant and at the construction site. and by inspection to determine whether 6.2.3.4 A combination of portland ce-
the pipe conforms to this specification as ment and fly ash wherein the proportion
to design and freedom from defects. of fly ash is between 5 and 25 percent by
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS weight of total cementitious material
5.2 Acceptance as to Strength Proper-
ties-Pipe shall be acceptable under the (portland cement plus fly ash).
2.1 AASHTO Standards: strength tests when they have met the re- 6.3 Aggregates-Aggregates shall con-
M6 Fine Aggregate for Portland quirements as prescribed in Section 10.3. form to AASHTO M 6 and bl 80, except
Cement Concrete 5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption Proper- that the requirement for gradation shall
ties-Pipe shall be acceptable under the not apply.
M 80 Coarse Aggregate for Port-
land Cement Concrete absorption test when they have met the 6.3 Admixtures and Blends-Admixtures
requirements as prescribed in Section and blends may be used with the ap-
M 85 Portland Cement 10.4. proval of the purchaser.
M 148 Liquid MembraneForming 5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability Prop-
Compounds for Curing Con- erties-Pipe shall be acceptable under the
crete 7. DESIGN
permeability test when they have met the
M 198 Joints for Circular Concrete requirements as prescribed in Section
Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Us- 10.5. 7.1 Design Tables-Design requirements
ing Flexible Watertight Gas- shall be in accordance with Table 1. Wall
NOTE 2-Prior to purchase the purchaser may
kets thickness used may be more than but not
specify the hydrostatic test prescribed in
M 240 Blended Hydraulic Cements Section 10.6 instead of the permeability test. less than the value shown, except as
affected by the tolerance herein specified
M 262 Terms Relating to Concrete 5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic Proper- and by the provision for modified design.
Pipe and Related Products ties-Pipe shall be acceptable under the
7.2 Modified or Special Design-
M 295 Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined hydrostatic test when they have met the
Manufacturers may submit to the pur-
Natural Pozzolan for Use as a requirements as prescribed in Section
chaser for approval, prior to manufacture,
Mineral Admixture in Port- 10.6.
wall thicknesses other than those shown
land Cement Concrete
in Table 1. Such pipe shall meet all of the
T 280 Testing Concrete Pipe, Sec- 6. MATERIALS physical requirements listed in Section 10
tions, or Tile that are specified by the purchaser.
6.1 Concrete-The concrete shall consist
of cementitious materials, mineral aggre-
1 Agrees with ASTM C 14-90, except for limiting gates, and water.
absorption testing to the 5-hr. boil method.
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M 86 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements Jbor N4treinforced Concrete Pipe"

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Minimum Strength, Minimum Strength, Minimum Strength,
Internal Designated Minimum Thickness of Minimum Thickness of Minimum Thickness of
lbf/linear ft., Three-Edge lbf/linear ft, Three- lbf/linear ft, Three-
Diameter, in Wall, in. Wall, in. Wall, in.
Bearing Edge Bearing Edge Bearing
4 ⅝ 1500 ¾ 2000 ¾ 2400
6 ⅜ 1500 ¾ 2000 ⅞ 2400
8 ¾ 1500 ⅞ 2000 1⅛ 2400
10 ⅞ 1600 1 2000 1¼ 2400
12 1 1800 1⅜ 2250 1¾ 2600
15 1¼ 2000 1⅝ 2600 1⅞ 2900
18 1½ 2200 2 3000 2¼ 3300
21 1¾ 2400 2¼ 3300 2¾ 3850
24 2⅛ 2600 3 3600 3⅜ 4400
27 3¼ 2800 3¾ 3950 3¾ 4600
30 3½ 3000 4¼ 4300 4¼ 4750
33 3¾ 3150 4½ 4400 4½ 4875
36 4 3300 4¾ 4500 4¾ 5000
A
Subject to Tolerances in Section 11.

8. JOINTS 9.2.2 Water Curing-Concrete pipe may chaser when placing the order. The test
be water-cured by covering with water- pipe shall first be freed from all visible
saturated material or by a system of moisture. When dry, each pipe shall be
8.1 The joints shall be of such design and perforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, measured and inspected. The results of
the ends of the concrete pipe sections so porous hose, or by any other approved these observations shall be recorded.
formed that the pipe can be laid together method that will keep the pipe moist
to make a continuous line of pipe com- 10.2 Number and Type of Test Speci-
during the specified curing period. mens Required-The manufacturer shall
patible with the permissible variations
given in Section 11. 9.2.3 The manufacturer may, at his furnish pipe for crushing and absorption
option, combine the methods described in tests, up to 0.5 percent of the number of
Sections 9.2.1 and 9.2 .2 provided the pipe of each size included in the order,
9. MANUFACTURE specified strength is attained. except, that in no case shall less than two
9.2.4 Membrane Curing-A sealing pipe be furnished. For the permeability
membrane conforming to the require- test, 2 percent of the number of pipe of
9.1 Mixture-The aggregates shall be
ments of AASHTO M 148 may be ap- each size included in the order, but in no
sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed
plied and left intact until the specified case less than two pipe shall be furnished.
with such proportions of cementitious
strength requirements are met. The con- For the hydrostatic test, 0.5 percent of the
materials and water as will produce a
crete at the time of application shall be number of pipe of each size included in
homogeneous concrete mixture of such
within 10°F of the atmospheric tempera- the order, but in no case less than two
quality that the pipe will conform to the
ture. All surfaces shall be kept moist pipe shall be furnished.
test and design requirements of this
specification. All concrete shall have a prior to the application of the compounds 10.3 External Load Crushing Re-
water-cementitious materials ratio not and shall be damp when the compound is quirement-The crushing strength of
exceeding 0.53 by weight. Cementitious applied. nonreinforced concrete pipe shall con-
materials shall be as specified in Section 9.3 Specials: form to the requirements prescribed in
6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a Table 1. The individual results of the
9.3.1 General Requirements-Special various tests for each size of pipe and for
proportion not less than 470 lb/yd' unless shapes or fittings such as wyes, tees,
mix designs with a lower cementitious each shipment and plant shall be tabu-
bends, and adapters for use with concrete lated separately. The crushing strength
materials content demonstrate that the pipe conforming to this specification
quality and performance of the pipe meet shall ordinarily be applied to not less than
shall conform to the applicable require- 75 percent of the pipe received for pur-
the requirements of this specification. ments for concrete pipe of corresponding pose of test. All tests shall be made in
9.2 Curing-Pipe shall be subjected to any class and internal diameter. Joints shall accordance with AASHTO T 280. Pipe
one of the methods of curing described in be compatible with those used in adjoin- shall be acceptable when all test pipe
Sections 9.2.1 through 9.2.4 or to any ing concrete pipes. conform to the specified requirement.
other method or combination of methods 9.3.2 Fabricated Branches-Fabricated Should any of the test pipe provided in
approved by the purchaser that will give branches for wyes and tees shall be se- Section 10.2 fail to meet the strength
satisfactory results. The pipe shall be curely attached to the wall of the pipe in requirement, the manufacturer will be
cured for a sufficient length of time so such a manner as not to restrict or other- allowed to test two pipe for each pipe that
that the concrete will develop the speci- wise interfere with the flow characteris- failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable
fied strength requirement at 28 days or tics of the pipe. only when all of these additional test pipe
less.
meet the strength requirement.
9.2.1 Steam Curing-Pipe may be
10. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS 10.4 Absorption Requirement-When
placed in a curing chamber, free from
required by the purchaser, absorption
outside drafts, and cured in a moist at-
shall be determined by the boiling ab-
mosphere maintained by the injection of 10.1 Test Specimen-The specified sorption test and shall not exceed 9 per-
steam for such time and such temperature number of pipe required for the tests shall cent. The individual results of the various
as may be needed to enable the pipe to be furnished by the manufacturer and tests for each size of pipe for each ship-
meet the strength require-ments. The shall be selected at random by the pur- ment and plant shall be tabu-lated sepa-
curing chamber shall be so constructed as chaser, and shall be pipe that would not rately. All tests shall be made in accor-
to allow full circulation of steam around otherwise be rejected under this specifi- dance with AASHTO T 280. The number
the entire pipe. cation. The selection shall be made at the of absorption test specimens shall be
point or points designated by the pur-
66
M 86 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

equal to the number of pipe provided for 11. DIMENSIONS AND PERMISSI- spection and approval by an inspector
crushing strength testing. BLE VARIATIONS employed by the purchaser. Such inspec-
These specimens shall be obtained from tion may be performed at the point of
pipe that are acceptable as to strength, manufacture or delivery. The method of
11.1 Sizes and Dimensions-Pipe shall marking as to acceptance or rejection of
and shall be taken from pipe used in be furnished of the sizes, internal diame-
making the strength test after the test is pipe shall be agreed upon prior to inspec-
ters, and dimensions prescribed in Table tion by both the purchaser and producer.
made. These specimens shall be marked 1.
with the number or identification mark of Rejected pipe shall be replaced by the
the pipe from which they were taken. 11.2 Permissible Variations in Dimen- producer or seller with pipe that meets
Each specimen shall have an area of 12 to sions-Permissible variations in dimen- the requirements of this specification.
20 in.-, as measured on one surface of the sions shall be limited to the following:
pipe, and a thickness equal to the pipe 11.2.1 Internal Diameter-The internal
14. REJECTION
wall, and shall be free of visible cracks. diameter shall not be more or less than
Pipe shall be acceptable when all test the designated diameter by more than 3/16
pipe conform to the specified absorption in. for pipe designated as 12 in. and under 14.1 Pipe shall be subject to rejection
requirement. in diameter; by more than ¼ in. for pipe on account of failure to conform to any of
10.5 Permeability Requirement-When designated as 15 or 18 in. in diameter; by the specification requirements. This
subjected to the permeability test as more than 5/16 in. for pipe designated as specification is a manufacturing and
specified in AASHTO T 280, the outer 21 in. in diameter; and by more than ⅜ purchase specification only. Therefore,
pipe surface of not less than 80 percent of in. for pipe designated as 24 in. and over damage to pipe during installation or
the pipe tested shall show no moist or in diameter. caused by field loading in the installed
damp spots at the end of the test period 11.2.2 Thickness of Wall-The wall condition shall not be cause for rejection
due to water passing through the walls of thickness shall be not less than the values on the basis of not meeting this specifica-
the pipe. shown in Table 1 or the manufacturer's tion. See Note 1. Individual sections of
designated thickness if greater than pipe may be rejected because of any of
10.6 Hydrostatic Requirement-When the following:
subjected to the hydrostatic test as de- shown in Table 1 by more than 1/16 in. for
scribed in AASHTO T 280, the pipe shall pipe 10 in. or less in diameter; by more 14.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing
show no leakage during 10 minutes at 10 than ⅛ in. for pipe 12 to 24 in. in diame- through the wall or joints, except that a
psi. Moisture appearing on the surface of ter; and by more than 3/16 in. for pipe single crack not exceeding 2 in. in length
the pipe in the form of patches or beads more than 24 in. in diameter; or by more at either end of a pipe or a single fracture
adhering to the surface shall not be con- than 5 percent of the tabulated or desig- or spall in the joints not exceeding 3 in.
sidered leakage. The test pipe shall be nated wall thickness, whichever is around the circumference of the pipe nor
filled with water and held under 10 psi greater. Localized variations in wall 2 in. in length into joint shall not be
pressure for 24 hours prior to the test, thickness exceeding those specified considered cause for rejection unless
except that at the option of the manufac- above shall be accepted if the physical these defects exist in more than 5 percent
turer or seller, this presoak time or pres- test requirements specified herein are of the entire shipment or delivery.
sure, or both, may be reduced. The test met. 14.1.2 The planes of the ends of the pipe
may be continued up to 24 hours, and the 11.2.3 Length-The length of any section are not perpendicular to the longitudinal
pipe will be considered to have pa-ssed of pipe shall vary not more than – ½ in. axis, subject to the limits of variation as
when, during any 10minute period, no from a specified or designated design shown in Section 11.2.4.
leakage is observed. When the hydros- length. 14.1.3 Defects that indicate mixing and
tatic requirement is used for acceptance 11.2.4 Length of Two Opposite Sides- molding not in accordance with Section
of the pipe joint as specified in Section 8 The length of two opposite sides of any 9.1.
of AASHTO M 198, the same joint test section of pipe shall vary not more than 14.1.4 Cracks sufficient to impair the
runs may be used as the basis of accep- ¼ in. or 2 percent of the designated di- strength, durability, or serviceability of
tance for pipe hydrostatic requirements ameter, whichever is larger. the pipe.
allowed in accordance with Sections 5.5
11.2.5 Straightness-Pipe intended to be
and 10.6 of this specification.
straight shall not vary in alignment more
10.7 Retest-Should more than 20 than ⅛ in./ft of length. 15. MARKING
percent of the samples fail to meet the
specified requirements for the permeabil- 15.1 The following information shall
ity or not more than 20 percent of the 12. REPAIRS
be legibly marked on each pipe:
samples fail to meet the specified re-
quirement for absorption or hydrostatic 15.1.1 The pipe class and specification
12.1 Pipe may be repaired, if neces- designation,
requirements of this section, the manu- sary, because of imperfections in manu-
facturer may cull his stock and may facture or damage during handling and 15.1.2 The date of manufacture,
eliminate whatever quantity of pipe he will be acceptable if, in the opinion of the 15.1.3 The name or trademark of the
desires and must so mark those pipe that purchaser, the repaired pipe conforms to manufacturer, and
will not be shipped. The required tests the requirements of this specification. 15.1.4 Identification of the plant.
shall be made on the balance of the order
and they shall be accepted if they con- 15.2 Marking shall be indented on the
form to the specified requirements. If the 13. INSPECTION pipe section or painted thereon with
second sample fails to meet the specified waterproof paint.
requirements, the whole lot may be re-
13.1 The quality of all materials and
jected.
the finished pipe shall be subject to in-

67