I.

Although/ Even though/ Though

- Ba liên từ này thường ở đầu câu hoặc giữa hai mệnh đề. Nếu đứng đầu câu thì giữa
2 mệnh đề phải có dấu phẩy
- Although/ though/ even though đều có cùng nghĩa nhưng though khi đứng ở đầu
câu giúp câu nói trở nên trang trọng hơn so với khi nó đứng giữa hai mệnh đề còn
even though mang nghĩa nhấn mạnh hơn
- Đôi khi trong văn nói, chúng ta thường dùng though ở cuối câu.
Cấu trúc: Although/ though/ even though + S + V….., S + V…
Eg: Although I don’t agree with him, I think he’s honest. (Mặc dù tôi không đồng ý
với anh ta nhưng tôi nghĩ anh ta rất thành thật.)
II. In spite of/ Despite
Cấu trúc: In spite of/ Despite + Noun/ Noun phrase/ Gerund phrase
Eg: Despite being ill, Mary still went to school. (Dù bị ốm nhưng Mary vẫn đi học.)
- Despite và in spite of đứng trước một danh từ
- Despite và in spite of đứng trước đại từ (this/ that/ what)
- Despite và in spite of đứng trước V-ing
- Chúng ta có thể sử dụng in spite of và despite với cụm từ “the fact that”
- Cả despite và in spite of có thể được dùng đầu hoặc giữa câu đều được
III. Các công thức biến đổi câu với Although sang câu với Despite
*1.Nếu chủ ngữ của 2 mệnh đề giống nhau thì ta bỏ chủ ngữ sau although rồi lấy
động từ thêm –ing:
Although + S + V → In spite of/ Despite + V_ing
Ví dụ: Although he was ill, he still went to school.
⇒ Despite being ill, he still went to school.
*2.Nếu chủ ngữ là “the danh từ + be + tính từ” thì ta đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ,
bỏ to be: ( the / this / that / these / those / sở hữu )
Although + The + N + Be + Adj → In spite of/Despite + The + Adj + N
Ví dụ: Although the car was dirty, he didn’t wash it.
⇒ Despite / in spite of the dirty car, he didn’t wash it.
*3.Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ + be + tính từ thì ta đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, đổi tính từ
thành danh từ, bỏ be
Although + S + Be + Adj → In spite of/ Despite + His /her/ their + N
Ví dụ: Although he was ill, he still went to school.
⇒ Despite his illness, he still went to school.
*4. Thêm the fact that trước mệnh đề:
Although + S + V → In spite of/ Despite + The fact that + S + V
Ví dụ: Although I studied very hard, I failed the placement test.
⇒ Despite the fact that I studied very hard, I failed the placement test.
*5. S V Adv
Sở hữu Adj Ving / N
Ex: Although he writes carefully, I can’t read.
→ Despite his careful writing, I can’t read.
EXERCISES
Task 1. Choose the best answer to complete these sentences.
1. _______ he likes chocolate, he tries not to eat it.
A. As B.though C. since D. despite
2. _______________ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although
3. _______________, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired
C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired
4. ________________ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. Because B. Even though C. In spite of D. Despite of
5. She left him _______________ she still loved him.
A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite
6. ________ the weather is bad, he goes out.
A. As B.In spite of C. In spite of the fact that D. Despite

Task 2. Choose the best answer to complete these sentences.

1. Mr. Ba was late for the meeting though he took a taxi.
A. Even though taking a taxi, Mr. Ba was late for the meeting.
B. In spite of taking a taxi, but Mr. Ba was late for the meeting.
C. Mr. Ba was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi.
D. Mr. Ba was late for the meeting although having taken a taxi.
2. We came to the meeting on time though the traffic was heavy.
A. Despite the traffic was heavy; we came to the meeting on time.
B. In spite of the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time.
C. Even though the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time.
D. Although the traffic was heavy, but we came to the meeting on time.
3. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert.
A. Bill arrived late for the concert whether he took a taxi or not.
B. Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi.
C. In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.
D. Bill took a taxi to the concert, but he couldn’t catch it.
4. Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car.
A. She doesn’t have enough money to buy the car she likes.
B. Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car.
C. The car is too expensive for her to buy.
D. She wants to buy the car but it costs a lot.
5. Although Sue felt tired, she stayed up late talking to Jill.
A. Despite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill.
B. In spite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill.
C. Sue wouldn’t feel tired despite staying up late talking to Jill.
D. Sue stayed up late talking to Jill. As a result, she was tired.

Task 3. Choose the best answer to complete these sentences.

1. I could not eat ____ I was very hungry.
A. even though B. in spite C. despite D. in spite the fact that
2. In spite _____, the baseball game was not cancelled.
A. the rain B. of the rain C. it was raining D. there was a rain
3. ______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although
4. ______, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired
C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired
5. The children slept well, despite _____.
A. it was noise B. the noise C. of the noise D. noisy
6. She left him __________ she still loved him.
A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite
7. _______ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. In spite B. Even though C. in spite of D. despite of
8. _______ they are brothers, they do not look like.
A. Although B. Even C. Despite D. In spite of

Task 4. Rewrite sentences

1. Although Nam is not an intelligent student, he can learn very fast.
⇒ Despite / In spite of not being an intelligent student, Nam can learn very fast.

2. Because Hoa was rich, she could buy that house.

⇒ Because of being rich, Hoa could buy that house.
3. Because the rain was so heavy, I couldn't go to school.
⇒ Because of the heavy rain, I couldn't go to school.
4. His father asked him to go stay at home because he was sick.
⇒ Because of being sick, his father asked him to go stay at home
5. Because there was an accident, I was late.
⇒ Because of an accident, I was late.

Task 5. Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your
sentences.

Clause 1 but / however Clause2

→ Although Clause1, Clause2

1. I was very tired but I couldn't sleep.

→ Although I was very tired ,I couldn't sleep.
2. Smoking is harmful. However he smokes.
→ Though Smoking is harmful, he smokes.
3. They have very little money, but they are happy.
→ In spite of having very little money, they are happy.
4. My foot was injured but I managed to walk to the nearest village.
→Although my foot was injured , I managed to walk to the nearest village.

4. I enjoyed the film although the story was silly.

→ In spite of the silly story, I enjoyed the film
5. Although we live in the same street, we hardly ever see each other.
→ Despite living in the same street, we hardly ever see each other.
6. Although it rains hard, Nam goes to school on time ( it rains / ed → the rain)
→ Despite the hard rain , Nam goes to school on time
7. I can understand although she speaks quickly.
→ Despite her quick speaking, I can understand
8. Although the car is not cheap, he buys it.
→ Despite the expensive car, he buys it.
9. He made an accident although he drove carefully.
→ Despite driving carefully, he made an accident
→ Despite his careful driving, …
10. Although he is poor, he studies well.
→ Despite his poverty, he studied well.
→ Despite being poor, ….

Task 6. Rewrite these sentences below withh Althought, Despite, In spite..

1. Although Bean is not an intelligent children, he can speak English very well
⇒ Despite / In spite of .........
2. Because Phuong was tall, she never wear high heals
⇒ Because of .........
3. Because the wind was so heavy, I couldn’t go to home
⇒ Because of .........
4. Her mother asked her to go stay at home because she was headache
⇒ Because of .........
5. Because there was traffic jams, I was late.
⇒ Because of .........
6. She failed the University entrance exam because her grades were bad.
⇒ Because of .......
7. Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful business man.
⇒ Despite .......
8. Because of the cheap price, my wife insists on buying the Tivi.
⇒ Because .......
9. Although it was raining heavily, we still went to school.
⇒ Despite / In spite of .......
10. Because I studied hard, I passed the exam.
⇒ Because of .......

Task 10. Choose the best answer to complete these sentences.

1. Last night we came to the show late _______the traffic was terrible.
A. Although B. despite C. and D. because
2. _______there is a lot of noise in the city, I prefer living there.
A. Despite B. in spite of C. because of D. though
3. _______ the weather, we went sailing.
A. Despite B. in spite of C. although D. A and B
4. _______Hudson led early, he lost the race.
A. Though B. although C. even though D. all are correct
5. In spite of not speaking French, Mike decided to settle in Paris.
A. Even though Mike didn’t speak French, but he decided to settle in Paris.
B. Mike decided to settle in Paris despite he didn’t speak French.
C. Mike decided to settle in Paris though the fact that not speaking French.
D. Although Mike didn’t speak French; he decided to settle in Paris.