Environmental pollution

What is environmental pollution?

• Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into
the natural environment that cause adverse change.
• Pollution has widespread consequences on human
and environmental health, having systematic impact
on social and economic systems.
• Pollution mitigation is an important part of all of the
Sustainable Development Goals.
 Types of pollution
• Air pollution.
• Water pollution.
• Noise pollution.
• Land pollution.
• Thermal pollution.
 Air pollution

• Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or

outdoor environment by any chemical, physical
or biological agent that modifies the natural
characteristics of the atmosphere.
• Household combustion devices, motor vehicles,
industrial facilities and forest fires are common
sources of air pollution.
 Effects of air pollution on human health
People experience a wide range of health effects from being exposed to air
pollution.
• Heart diseases • Discomfort like irritation to nose, throat, eyes and skin.
• Asthma.
• Lung cancer • Weakening of immune system.

• Respiratory diseases Nearly 2.5 million people die worldwide each year from the
• Pneumonia effects of outdoor or indoor air pollution.
 Effects of air pollution on environment
• Haze, like smog, is a visible type of air pollution that obscures shapes and
colors.
• Air pollution can directly contaminate the surface of bodies of water and
soil. This can kill crops or reduce their yield. It can kill young trees and other
plants.
• Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide particles in the air, can create acid rain
when they mix with water and oxygen in the atmosphere.
 Prevention of air pollution
• Drive your car less.
• Keep your car in good repair.
• Turn off your engine.
• Don’t burn your garbage.
• Limit backyards fire in the city.
• Plant and care for trees.
• Switch to electric or hand-powered lawn
equipment.
• Use less energy.
 Water pollution
• Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—
often chemicals or microorganisms—contaminate a
stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of
water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to
humans or the environment
• This widespread problem of water pollution is
jeopardizing our health. Unsafe water kills more
people each year than war and all other forms of
violence combined.
 Effects of water pollution
Deteriorating water quality is damaging the environment, health conditions and
the global economy.
• Destruction of biodiversity.
• Contamination of the food chain.
• Lack of potable water.
• Disease.
• Infant mortality.
 Prevention of water pollution
• Reduce CO2 emissions to prevent global warming and
acidification of the oceans.
• Reduce the use of chemical pesticides and nutrients on
crops.
• Reduce and safely treat waste water so that, as well as not
polluting, it can be reused for irrigation and energy
production.
• Restrict the use of single-use plastics that end up floating
in rivers, lakes and oceans, many as microplastics.
 Noise pollution
• Noise pollution, or sound pollution, is the propagation of
noise or sound with ranging impacts on the activity of
human or animal life, most of which are harmful to a
degree. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly
caused by machines, transport and propagation systems.
• In animals, noise can increase the risk of death by altering
predator or prey detection and avoidance, interfere with
reproduction and navigation, and contribute to permanent
hearing loss.
 Effects of noise pollution
• Noise pollution adversely affects the lives of
millions of people. Studies have shown that
there are direct links between noise and
health. Problems related to noise include
stress related illnesses, high blood pressure,
speech interference, hearing loss, sleep
disruption, and lost productivity.
 Prevention of noise pollution
• Running TV and Radio at low volume.
• Use less Horns while driving.
• We should plant more trees.Trees cut sound and
help in reducing Noise Pollution.
• We should use Loudspeakers at low volume and
should not play music too loudly during parties.
• We should not burst crackers.
 Land pollution
• Soil contamination, soil pollution, or land
pollution as a part of land degradation is
caused by the presence of xenobiotic
(human-made) chemicals or other alteration
in the natural soil environment.
• It is typically caused by industrial activity,
agricultural chemicals or improper disporsal
of waste.
 Causes of land pollution
• Deforestation.
• Agriculture.
• Industry.
• Mining.
• Landfills and waste.
• Urbanization.
 Effects of land pollution
• The effects of land pollution can be
catastrophic for the environment,
animals, and humans. Land pollution
can lead to groundwater poisoning,
deterioration of agricultural fields,
climate change, health problems, and
socio-economic impact on humans.
 Prevention of land pollution
• Reducing the usage of chemicals and pesticides.
• Cleanup. Environmental remediation consists of
removing pollution from the soil, groundwater or
surface water.
• Green agriculture.
• Sustainable forest management.
• Proper waste disposal.
• The “3 R’s” Rule & Education.
 Thermal pollution
• Thermal pollution is any deviation from the natural
temperature in a habitat and can range from elevated
temperatures associated with industrial cooling
activities to discharges of cold water into streams
below large impoundments.
• Thermal pollution, sometimes called “thermal
enrichment”, is the degradation of water quality by any
process that changes ambient water temperature.
 Causes of thermal pollution
Discharge of hot water or heated waste
material into water bodies from
• Nuclear power plants.
• Industrial effluence.
• Domestic sewage.
• Hydro electric power
• Coal fiered power plants.
 Effects of thermal pollution
• Loss of biodiversity.
• Decrease in oxygen level.
• Affect ecology.
• Increase metabolic rate.
• Affect natural reproductive cycle
• Increase optimum water temperature.
 Prevention of thermal pollution
• Thermal pollution could be controlled by
employing of few efficient scientific techniques
such as construction of artificial lakes, cooling
ponds, and cooling towers.
• Heated water from the industries can treated
before discharging directly to the water bodies.
• Industrial treated water can be recycled for
domestic use or industrial heating.
 Act to prevent pollution

• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1981 and amended in
1987 to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution in India.
• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1974 to provide for the
prevention and control of water pollution, and for the maintaining or restoring of
wholesomeness of water in the country. The Act was amended in 1988.
• The Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules,2000 falls under the environment
(Protection) Act, 1986. The Environment Protection Act, 1986 (the "Environment Act")
provides for the protection and improvement of environment.
• L. & Pol'y 183 7 Section 8 of Environmental Protection Act, 1986. 8 Section 6 and 25 of
Environmental Protection Act, 1986.
DONE BY:
• R.BHAVANA(33)
• P.M.CHINDU(34)