ZERAKI ACHIEVERS EXAMINATIONS

13.0
END OF TERM EXAMS-2024
MARKING SCHEME TERM 2 FORM 1 AGRICULTURE

SECTION A 30 MARKS

Attempt all questions in this section in this space is provided after the
questions

1) Study the following statements and identify which statement describes

agriculture as an art or a science in the space provided
a. Cultivation of land to plant crops by measuring distances and using a
tractor to cultivate the land

Art √ (1mk)
b. Controlling diseases in crops and animals and studying the
characteristics of the soil so as to get the best produce from both crops
and animals

Science √ (1mk)

2) Give the method of horticulture which deals with

a. Growing of cabbages and kales

Oleriiculture √
(1mk)
b. Growing of cabbages and tomatoes growing of avocado and mangoes

Pomoculture √ (1mk)
3) Give four methods of livestock farming (4mks)

pastoralism√
apiculture√

aquaculture √
poultry keeping √

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4) Distinguish between the terms “a farming system” and a “method of
farming”
(2mks)

A farming system is the organization of the farm and all the enterprises in

relationship to each other√ while a method of farming is a way of carrying out

farming activities to produce crops, livestock and livestock products √

5) Give the tools used to carry out the following activities

(2mks)
a. Smoothen curved surfaces

Spokeshave √
b. Marking metal surface before drilling

Center punch √
c. Holding planks of wood when making a door

Sash clamp √
d. Checking whether a cow is suffering from mastitis

Strip cup √
6) Distinguish between superfluous water and hygroscopic water
(2mks)

Superfluous water is water that occupies the macropores which is

available to crops √ while capillary water is water that forms a thin layer around
the soil particle it is held by strong forces hence not available to crops √

2
7) Give two factors which influence soil colour.
(2mks)

- Nature of the parent rock √

- Presence or absence of organic matter √

8) Give two ways chemical weathering takes place (2mks)

- Carbonation√
- hydrolysis√

hydration√

- oxidation √
9) Give the meaning of the term soil fertility (2mks)
Soil fertility is the ability of a soil to supply nutrients to crops in the

correct proportions and support crop growth indefinitely √√

SECTION B 20 MKS ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

AFTER THE QUESTION.
10) Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow

A B

a. State the activities carried out in picture A and picture B (2mks)

A Ranching √

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B. Plantation farming. √

b. State three characteristics in the methods of farming shown above

(3mks)

Involve large tracts of land √

Low capital investment √
low yields per unit area √
11) Explain five reasons for maintaining tools
(5mks)

To increase durability √
To reduce replacement costs √
Increase the work efficiency √
√
To avoid injury to the user

To avoid damage to the tool√

12) List four factors that determine the choice of a pipe in farming (4mks)

√
- Colour of the pipe

-Diameter of the pipe√

-Type of material used to make the pipe √

-Purpose and use of the pipe in the farm√
-Operational pressure of the pipe√

13) List four reasons of land preparation

(4mks)

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 -To kill weeds √
-To incorporate manure into the soil √
-To destroy different stages of crop pest √
-To aerate the soil √
-To encourage penetration of roots √
-To make subsequent operations easy √
-To encourage infiltration of water and air √
14) What is a soil profile (2mks)

This is the vertical Arrangement of soil in layers √

SECTION C (40 MKS)

Answer any 2 questions either 15,16 or 17 on the spaces provided

after question 17

15) (a) Describe how you maintain a knapsack sprayer

(10mks)

i. Clean the filter to remove clogged chemicals √

ii. Wash after use to remove the remains of chemicals √
iii. Rinse with clean water√
iv. Sun dry upside down√

v. Grease the lever point√

vi. Tighten lose nuts and bolts √

vii. Hung upside down during long storage. √
viii. Mix only the recommended formulations and chemicals √
ix. Unblock Clogged nozzles √
x. Replace blocked nozzles and lost bolts and nuts √

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16) Explain how soil texture influences crop production (10mks)

i. Clay soils have good water retention there used when growing rice √
ii. Clay soils have poor aeration Therefore, not suitable for growing

many crops √
iii. Sandy soils have a good aeration and infiltration of water But have a
poor water retention ability, hence not good for growing many

crops √
iv. Sandy soils are good for growing crops such as cassava asthey allow

expansion of tubers √
v. Loam soils Have moderate water holding capacity good infiltration of

water and air there good for growing many crops √

17) Explain the
a. Five negative effects of temperature on agricultural production
(5mks)

i. High temperature increases evaporation of water in the soil √

ii. High temperature increases the incidences of pests and diseases √
iii. Low temperature reduces growth rates in crops √
iv. Low temperature reduce of the quality of some crops such as

oranges and pineapples √

v. low temperature increases incidences of diseases in crops such as

coffee √
b. Five negative effects of wind in agricultural production
(5mks)

i. Increase the rate of evaporation of moisture in the soil. √

ii. Causes with lodging in cereals √
iii. Blows away rain bearing clouds√

iv. Act as an agent of soil erosion√

v. Increase the spread of pests and diseases √

vi. Increases evapotranspiration causing crops to wilt √
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 c. Six positive effects of living organisms in agricultural production
(6mks)

i. Pollination of flowers by pollinators such as bees √

ii. Nitrogen, fixation by nitrogen fixing bacteria √
iii. Decomposition of organic matter to form humus √
iv. Biological control as natural predators feed on pests and parasites

√
v. Some organisms are used to process agricultural products such as

milk to sour milk √

vi. Some organisms burrow into the soil creating pores for infiltration of

water and air √

d. Four methods of modifying soil pH (4mks)

i. Use lime to increase pH √

ii. Use of basic fertilizer to increase pH √
iii. Use of sulphur to lower pH √
iv. Use of acidic fertilizer to lower pH √
18)
a. List four ways of carrying out minimum tillage. (4mks)

i. Application of herbicides when controlling weeds √

ii. Using mulch to control weeds √
iii. Timing Cultivation, so as to have a clean field √
iv. Restricting cultivation to where the seeds will be planted √
v. Establishing a cover crop √
vi. Uprooting and slashing weeds

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 b. Describe four factors that determine the number of times secondary
cultivation is carried. (4mks)
i. Size of planting material- Big seeds require course tilth hence
few cultivation operations small seeds require fine tilth hence

more number of operations √

ii. Slope of land hilly areas require fewer operations gentle or flat

land can have more operations √

iii. Moisture content of the soil- few operations are required in dry
soil to conserve moisture
iv. Condition of land after primary cultivation- if there is a lot of
trash and weeds more operations are required to incorporate

the trash and weeds into the soil √

c. Describe chemical treatment of water
(12mks)

i. √at source using filters; of different mesh sizes to

Filter

remove large particles ; √

ii. Soften ; √by adding soda ash; √

iii. Add alum: to coagulate suspended particles; √

iv. Allow sedimentation; √ of the water with alum√

v. Open the tank to allow fresh air; √which removes bad smells;

and water to stand for 36 hours to kill bilharzia worms; √

vi. Filter using a silt, sand and gravel filter to remove

suspended √ particles and coagulated particles; √

vii. Add chlorine to kill disease causing organisms;. √
viii. (Store or pipe for consumption )