Aviation Weather Briefing Guide
Aviation Weather Briefing Guide
Met Office
FitzRoy Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB
Fax: 0870 900 5050
Email: aviation@metoffice.gov.uk
www.metoffice.gov.uk/aviation
If you are unable to use any of the services, the TAFs and METARs,
or require clarification for F214, F215, F414 and F415, special
forecasts and route forecasts please call:
0370 900 0100
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Online briefing for pilots
The Met Office’s online web services provide a comprehensive
range of weather briefing services direct to your computer.
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Forecaster consultancy Payment and help
If you need more than just clarification, or you cannot access We accept Visa, MasterCard, Switch and Delta Visa Debit cards. For
charts or other information, you can speak directly to an aviation a consultation with one of our forecasters, you will be asked for
forecaster — available 24 hours a day. With our aviation forecaster your card details. Once verified, your card will be debited and you
consultancy, you can: will be able to proceed to the service. You will only be charged
once a successful connection has been made.
• speak to one of our aviation forecasters about the weather as
it affects you, for example, planning return flights, weather Helpline/Customer Services
windows;
Our helpline is staffed 24 hours a day throughout the year. Discuss
• use it on its own, or as a natural accompaniment to our fax any service in more detail or receive help with any technical
service; difficulties.
• pay online by credit card – no forms to fill in. Tel: +44 (0)1392 885680
Calls cost from £21 per call including VAT (prices correct at time of Fax: +44 (0)1392 885681
print).
To purchase credits for this service, please call 0370 900 0100
or +44 (0)1392 885680 and talk to one of our advisers.
Call time limited to three minutes.
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Met. decodes
Aerodrome forecast – TAF decode
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Example 1 Example 2
24-hr TAF 9-hr TAF
FTUK32 EGGY 110500 FCUK33 EGGY 300800
EGPK 110500Z 1106/1206 13010KT 9000 BKN010 EGTE 300800Z 3009/3018 23010KT 9999 SCT010 BKN018 BECMG
BECMG 1106/1108 BKN018 PROB30 TEMPO 1108/1116 3011/3014
17025G40KT 4000 TSRA 6000 -RA BKN012 TEMPO 3014/3018 2000 DZ OVC004 =
BKN012CB BECMG 1118/1121 3000 BR NSC=
Decode
Decode
Nine-hour TAF issued at 0800 Zulu on the 30th. Exeter valid from
Twenty four-hour TAF issued at 0500 UTC on the 11th. Prestwick oh nine hundred on the 30th to eighteen hundred Zulu on the
valid from oh six hundred on the 11th to oh six hundred on the 30th. Wind two three zero degrees ten knots. Ten kilometres or
12th. Wind one three zero degrees ten knots. Nine kilometres more visibility. Scattered at one thousand feet. Broken at one
visibility. Broken at one thousand feet. Becoming from oh six thousand eight hundred feet. Becoming from eleven hundred on
hundred on the 11th to oh eight hundred on the 11th, broken at the 30th to fourteen hundred on the 30th, six kilometres, slight
one thousand eight hundred feet. 30% probability, temporarily rain. Broken at one thousand two hundred feet. Temporarily
between oh eight hundred on the 11th to sixteen hundred on between fourteen hundred on the 30th to eighteen hundred
the 11th, wind one seven zero degrees twenty five knots, gusting on the 30th. Two thousand metres visibility. Moderate drizzle.
to forty knots. Four thousand metres visibility. Thunderstorm Overcast four hundred feet.
with moderate rain. Broken cumulonimbus at one thousand two
hundred feet. Becoming from eighteen hundred on the 11th to
twenty one hundred on the 11th, three thousand metres visibility,
mist, no significant cloud.
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Flight planning
In addition to weather information:
• UK and Foreign NOTAM information is available from the UK
Aeronautical Information Service at www.ais.org.uk where you
can also access the UK AIP, its supplements, AICs and a flight
plan form.
• For abbreviated and updated information on certain UK airspace
restrictions, call the AIS information line on 0500 354802
or +44 (0)20 8750 3939.
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Example Example
SAUK02 EGGY 301220 METAR SAUK02 EGGY 301220 METAR
EGLY 301220Z 24015KT 200V280 8000 –RA FEW010 BKN025 EGPZ 301220Z 30025G37KT 270V360 6000 1200NE +SHSN
18/15 Q0983 SCT005 BKN010CB
TEMPO 3000 RA BKN008= 03/M01 Q0999 RETS BECMG AT1300 9999 NSW SCT015=
An example of the above METAR for 1220 UTC on the 30th of the An example of the above METAR for 1220 UTC on the 30th of the
month, in plain language: month, in plain language:
EGLY: Issued at 1220Z on 30th. Surface wind: mean 240 deg true, EGPZ: Issued at 1220Z on the 30th. Surface wind: mean 300 deg
15 KT; varying between 200 and 280 deg; prevailing visibility true, 25 KT; maximum 37 KT, varying between 270 and
8 km; weather: light rain; cloud: 1-2 oktas base 1,000 ft, 5-7 oktas 360 deg; prevailing visibility 6 km, minimum visibility 1,200 m
2,500 ft; temperature +18 °C, dew point: +15 °C; QNH 983 mb; (to northeast); heavy shower of snow; Cloud. 3-4 oktas base
Trend: temporarily 3,000 m in moderate rain with 5-7 oktas 500 ft, 5-7 oktas CB base 1,000 ft; temperature +3 °C, dew point
800 ft. –1 °C; QNH 999 mb; Thunderstorm since the previous report;
Trend: improving at 1300 Zulu to 10 km or more, nil significant
weather, 3-4 oktas 1,500 ft.
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Metform 215 (b) Tabular forecast
Explanatory notes for the new Metform 215 (Chart of forecast For each zone (identified by its number on the left hand chart),
weather below 10,000 feet). the text will detail the expected surface horizontal visibility,
weather and cloud during the period of validity, including any
The Metform 215 provides a forecast of in-flight weather sub zones referred to within the text and spatial or temporal
conditions below 10,000 feet covering the British Isles and very variations within the zone. A general outlook is also included
near Continent for a 9-hour period centred on a specified fixed and describes the principal weather changes expected during
time. It is designed for use as either an area forecast or a route the 7-hour period following the end of the chart validity.
forecast. For simplicity the same codes have been used as are used
in the METAR code.
Information provided
(a) Charts
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Issue times
The date and time at which the forecast is issued by the Met Office
is shown at the bottom left corner of the chart.
Time when Metform Fixed forecast time Period of validity Outlook to Prognosis chart to
becomes available (Met Office website only)
0330 UTC 1200 UTC 0800 — 1700 UTC 2359 UTC 1800 UTC
0930 UTC 1800 UTC 1400 — 2300 UTC 0600 UTC 0000 UTC
1530 UTC 000 UTC 2000 — 0500 UTC 1200 UTC 0600 UTC
2130 UTC 0600 UTC 0200 — 1100 UTC 1800 UTC 1200 UTC
Amendments
Amendments will appear in black bold (italic and underlined)
whenever an element changes through thresholds agreed
between the Met Office and the CAA Met Authority. The word
‘amended’ at the top will appear in red.
Tolerances
Occulusion Trough
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Met. decodes
Weather
DZ drizzle GR hail RA rain Slight icing: not shown
SN snow FG fog HZ haze
Moderate/severe icing (MOD/SEV icing):
BR mist FZ freezing SH shower
TS thunderstorm GR hail GS small hail/snow pellets The following symbols will be used to show turbulence in cloud as
well as mechanical turbulence over land:
A – prefix (e.g. –DZ) indicates slight precipitation. No prefix
indicates moderate precipitation (e.g. DZ). A + prefix indicates Slight turbulence: not shown
heavy precipitation (e.g. +RA). Weather phenomena may also
Moderate/severe turbulence
be written as a combination of abbreviations, e.g. TSRASN
(MOD/SEV TURB):
(thunderstorm with moderate rain and snow).
A forecast of CB or TS implies severe turbulence and or icing
Cloud
Cloud amount (FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC) and type will be followed
by an icing and turbulence symbol, if appropriate, and then the
height of the cloud base and tops above mean sea level (AMSL).
The familiar abbreviations for cloud type will be used. Cloud tops
extending above 10,000 FT will be shown by ‘XXX’ The following
symbols will be used to show icing in cloud:
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The height of the 0 °C isotherm (or ‘freezing level’) is provided Metform 214
in the column to the right of the cloud and this can be used for
guidance as to the level above which icing is likely. The figure will Complements Metform 215 (above) by providing forecast spot
indicate the average freezing level within the area. upper winds and temperatures covering a similar area.
Mountain wave activity is included in the visibility and weather Metforms 415 and 414
section with a forecast vertical speed.
Metforms 415 (significant weather) and 414 (upper winds/temps)
MAX maximum WKN weakening FPM feet per minute are charts prepared in a similar format (but no outlook) for
VSP vertical speed MTW mountain waves low-level flights into Europe. An Outlook Chart is only included
with the Met Office web version of the F215 and shows only the
Hill FG is used to indicate hill fog and implies a surface visibility of expected positions of the principal synoptic features and mean sea
less than 200 metres. level isobars at the end of the period. Weather zones are not given
on the prognosis chart.
A full decode of the F215 is available at:
www.metoffice.gov.uk/aviation
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En route information VHF Volmet
Call sign/ID Frequency MHz Operating hours Stations Contents Remarks
1 2 3 4 5 6
LONDON 135.375 H24 Amsterdam 1. Half-hourly reports (METAR) The spoken word ‘SNOCLO’
VOLMET (continuous) Brussels 2. The elements of each report are will be added to the end of
(MAIN) Dublin broadcast in the following order: the aerodrome report when
Glasgow
London Gatwick (a) Surface wind that aerodrome is unusable
London Heathrow (b) Visibility* for take-offs and landings
London Stansted (c) RVR if applicable due to heavy snow on
Manchester (d) Weather runways or runway snow
Paris/Charles de Gaulle (e) Cloud* clearance
LONDON 128.600 H24 Birmingham (f) Temperature
VOLMET (continuous) Bournemouth (g) Dew point
(SOUTH) Bristol (h) QNH
Cardiff
Jersey (i) Recent weather if applicable
London Luton (j) Wind shear if applicable
Norwich (k) Runway contamination warning
Southampton if applicable
Southend (l) TREND if applicable
Exeter
*or CAVOK
†LONDON 126.600 H24 E Midlands 3. Non-essential words such as
VOLMET (continuous) Humberside
Isle of Man ‘surface wind’, ‘visibility’,
(NORTH) etc. are not spoken
Leeds Bradford
Liverpool 4. Except for ‘SNOCLO’ (see Column
London Gatwick 6). The Runway State Group is not
Manchester broadcast
Newcastle
Durham Tees Valley 5.All broadcasts are in English
SCOTTISH 125.725 H24 Aberdeen/Dyce
VOLMET (continuous) Belfast International
Edinburgh
Glasgow
Inverness
London Heathrow
Prestwick
Stornoway * Broadcast range extended to cover southeast England and English Channel
Sumburgh
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It is not normally possible to receive VHF Volmet while abroad.
However, certain short-wave portable radios with an SSB function
may be able to receive the regular HF transmissions of METAR and
airfield information from the RAF on 5,450 kHz and 11,253 kHz.
These cover major military aerodromes in the UK and abroad. TAFs
and METARs for major civilian aerodromes are broadcast from
Shannon on 3,413 kHz (night only), 5,505 kHz and 8,957 kHz
(24 hours), and 13,264 kHz (day only).
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Useful contacts
Aerodrome terminal information service (ATIS)
Other useful numbers
Certain aerodromes provide weather and/or aerodrome
General Aviation Unit (GAU) Licensing Department (CAA)
information by telephone, although not necessarily as a 24-hour
Tel: 01293 3988 Tel: 01293 573700
service.
Email: ga@caa.co.uk Fax: 01293 573996
www.caa.co.uk/ga Email: FCLweb@caa.co.uk
Belfast City ATIS 02890 935124
Benbecula ATIS 01870 604818 Aircraft registration (CAA) Publications
Birmingham ATIS 0121 767 1260
Tel: 020 7453 6666 Most are available on the CAA
Bournemouth ATIS 01202 364151
Fax: 020 7453 6670 website
Cardiff ATIS 01446 729319
Carlisle ATIS 01228 574123
www.caa.co.uk/publications
Aviation Services (CAA) Tel: 0870 600 5522
Durham Tees Valley ATIS 09012 018111
Edinburgh ATIS 0131 333 6216
Tel: 01293 768374 CAA publications listed on TSO
Glasgow ATIS 0141 887 7449 Fax: 01293 573860 website: www.tso.co.uk
Guernsey ATIS 01481 238957 Email: apply@caa.co.uk
Humberside ATIS 01652 682020 Safety Promotion
Inverness ATIS 01667 464255 Investigations and Enforcement GASCo (General Aviation Safety
Jersey ATIS 01534 446301 Team (IET) Council)
Kirkwall ATIS 01856 878476 Tel: 0207 453 6186 Tel: 01634 200203
Leeds Bradford ATIS 0871 288 2288 ext 2489 Fax: 0207 04536175 www.gasco.org.uk
Liverpool ATIS 08717 505150 Email: IETmailbox@caa.co.uk
London City ATIS 020 7646 0224 The CAA website
London Stansted ATIS 01279 669325 Aviation Health Unit (CAA) www.caa.co.uk includes GA
Lydd ATIS 01797 322 422
Tel: 01293 573700 safety promotion information
Manchester ATIS 0161 209 2860
Newcastle ATIS 0191 2143400
Fax: 01293 573995 including /gasil or /safetysense
Norwich ATIS 01603 420640 leaflets.
Shoreham ATIS 0844 225 4201
NOTAMs and aeronautical
Southampton ATIS 02380 625877 information, AIS (NATS)
Stornoway ATIS 01851 707444 AIS information line:
Sumburgh ATIS 01950 461037 0500 354802
Wick ATIS 01955 607596 or +44 (0)20 87503939
Fax: 020 8750 3775
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Important telephone numbers CAA airworthiness evaluation
Accident reporting, AAIB
Tel: 01252 512299 and surveillance
Fax: 01252 376999
For all matters, including those relating to aircraft maintenance, please
Emergency Alerting (Distress & Diversion) Cell, LATCC (NATS) contact the General Aviation Unit.
Tel: 01489 612406
Airprox reporting, UKAB
Occurrence reporting, Safety Data Dept (CAA)
Confidential Human Factors Incident Reporting (CHIRP)
Tel: 0800 214645 (UK only)/01252 378947
Fax: 01252 378940
www.chirp.co.uk/submit-a-report
General Aviation Unit (GAU)
Tel: 01293 3988
Email: ga@caa.co.uk
www.caa.co.uk/ga
Aircraft registration (CAA)
Tel: 020 7453 6666
Fax: 020 7453 6670
Investigations and Enforcement Team (IET)
Tel: 0207 453 6186
Fax: 0207 453 6175
Email: IETmailbox@caa.co.uk
NOTAMs and aeronautical information
AIS (NATS) Tel: 0500 354802 or +44 (0)20 87503939
Fax: 020 8750 3775
Licensing DepartmentPersonnel licensing (CAA)
Tel: 01293 573700
Fax: 01293 573996
Email: FCLweb@caa.co.uk
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Filing flight plans
Guidance for completing flight plans is contained in AIP at ENR The contact number for the AFPEX Helpdesk can also be used to
1.10 – Flight Planning, and Safety Sense Leaflets 20 and 27. close a flight plan or to cancel a state of emergency after landing
File when flying IFR in controlled airspace, when crossing an if you have been unfortunate enough to need to declare one. The
international boundary, or when flying over areas with sparse number can also be used by the nominated ‘responsible person’
populations. to activate a flight plan, or in the event of an aircraft not arriving at
its destination, to initiate overdue action.
If your aerodrome of departure does not have an ATS unit, the
primary means for filing flight plans should be through the
CACC contact numbers (available 24 hours a day):
Assisted Flight Planning Exchange (AFPEX) service. This allows
pilots and small aerodromes access to file their own flight plans Helpdesk Telephone: 0845 601 0483
and other flight related messages. Registration and queries Telephone: 0845 601 0484
Pilots wishing to file a flight plan who do not have access to AFPEX,
or are unable to access the system for some reason, may use the
AFTN Parent Unit listed in the AIP at ENR 1.10 – Flight Planning,
and Safety Sense Leaflet 20.
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Met Office
FitzRoy Road, Exeter
Devon, EX1 3PB
United Kingdom