Sample - PR2 1 3
Sample - PR2 1 3
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
BAKING SKILL LEVELS AND THE QUALITY OF BREAD AND PASTRY IN BREAD AND
PASTRY PRODUCTION STUDENT
Introduction
The baking process in which the dough piece is transformed into a light, readily
digestible and flavorful product under the influence of heat. Within this baking process,
the natural structures of the major dough constituents are altered irreversibly by a series
of physical, chemical, and biochemical interactions. Several apparent phenomena are
caused by Oven heat; these involve the expansion in volume, the formation of an
enveloping crust, the inactivation of yeast and enzymatic activities, the coagulation of
the flour protein, and partial gelatinization of flour starch. Meanwhile, the formation of
new flavor substances, such as caramelized sugars, pyrodextrins, and a broad range of
aromatic compounds also accompanies this process. Even though many of the chemical
and physical reactions happening at this stage are only partially understood, baking
scientists and technologists believe that the quality of final baking products is influenced
by the rate of heat application and the amount of heat supplied, the humidity level within
the baking chamber, and the duration of the baking process. The concepts and
knowledge of baking :
variable
The baking skills confidence measure and the food skills confidence measure have been
shown to have a very satisfactory reliability, validity and are consistent over time. Their
user-friendly applicability make both measures highly suitable for large scale cross-
sectional, longitudinal and intervention studies to assess or monitor baking and food
skills levels and confidence. Fiona Lavelle,
The quality of Bread and pastry has a significant share of the people’s meal in the
world. Additionally, the bread industry is one of the world’s energy consuming industries.
Therefore, energy audits in this industry are essential. The intensity of energy
consumption in Iran is significantly higher than the global average. As the current trend
continues, the country’s production and energy consumption levels are equal in 2025. So
the need to optimize energy consumption in the various sectors of the industry is
necessary. In this paper, the recovery of energy from hot gases which output from the
bread baking chimney in one of the largest bread manufacturers in Iran has been studied
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
For this purpose, composition, temperature and volumetric flow rate of exhaust flue gas
analyzed by gas analyzer, thermometers, and flowmeter. By calculating and analyzing of
combustion equation, the amount of furnace efficiency, energy recovery potential has
been investigated. The results show that with the heat recovery from the exhaust gases,
this factory can save up to 200,000 m3 of gas each year. Also, considering the capacity
of industrial bread production in Iran as a whole, the savings potential is estimated to be
approximately 7 million
Gaps:
Purpose :
The main goal of Baking skill level and the quality of bread and
pastry in bread and pastry production is to present the right balance of topics and depth
of coverage, encompassing items produced in the bakeshop, including breads,
Viennoiserie, creams, pies, tarts, cakes, and decorative work in a professional manner
that is easily approachable for the advanced baking and pastry student and professional.
This is accomplished by providing theoretical information along with tested recipes and
detailed step-by-step procedures. This approach to learning builds the student’s
confidence and skills, as well as an increased understanding of the material. In addition,
a supplemental recipe database will provide students with a foundation of recipes and
techniques that they can then apply throughout their career. Professionals will also
benefit from the wide variety of recipes and the techniques presented
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.What is the level of bakery skill of selected staff in selected bakery owner in
Alfonso Cavite?
3.Is there is a significant relationship between baking skill of selected staff and the
quality of bread in selected bakery in Alfonso Cavite?
Thre are significant relationship between baking skills and the quality of bread and
pastry of it's student.
Time Frame
-The research will be conducted over the school year 2024-2025 covering the first
semester to capture the baking skills of student across different periods.
Period
-Data will collected during the first semester of the 2024-2025 school year to
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The skills theory grew from the obvious flaw in the trait approach; traits are
relatively fixed. This meant that trait theory was not particularly useful for
developing new leaders who laced those traits. Skills theorists sought to discover the
skills and abilities that made leaders effective.
there is a relationship to skill theory and baking skill because it provides an effective
performance in baking skills as they used innovation, critical thinking and creative
thinking. https://davidburkus.com/2010/02/skills-theory/
Dependent
Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)
The growth of an e-commerce sector, emerging digital technologies, such as big
data, Artificial Intelligence, cloud computing and robotics, drive the implementation
of new technologies in organisations (Verhoef et al., 2021). The advances in
information communication technology (ICT) have dramatically changed the way
organisations conduct business. The application of the technologies in the workplace
has redefined inter- and intra-organisational communication has streamlined
business processes to ensure benefits, such as higher productivity, the wellbeing of
employees and the satisfaction of consumers (Papagiannidis & Marikyan, 2020). To
achieve such Benefits, companies make massive spending on technologies.
However, investment in ICT implementation does not guarantee successful
deployment and often bring low returns (Davis, 1989; Venkatesh et al., 2003). The
results of market research suggest that the success rate of new technology adoption
in organisations, whereby technologies bring expected return on investment (i.e.
improved performance), is below 30 percent. The number is less optimistic if
consider the companies, who could improve performance, but could not sustain the
improvements in the long-term (De la Boutetière, Montagner & Reich, 2018). Given
the consequences of technology adoption on organisations’ performance and a cost-
revenue structure, the technology utilisation-acceptance gap remains one of the
major areas of research in the IS literature.
The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) can help
analyze how factors like perceived usefulness, ease of use, and social influence
impact individuals' acceptance and use of baking technology to enhance the quality
of bread and pastry.
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
https://open.ncl.ac.uk/theories/2/unified-theory-of-acceptance-and-use-of-
technology/
Conceptual
Conceptual framework
2 Frame 1.
Frame.
Definition of Terms
Baking Skill.This is the wide range of skills required by a professional who uses
there expertise to bake a variety of bake goods,such as bread, pastries,pies,cakes
and cookies.Baking Skill.In this study,It refers to what is the ability of other people to
bake.
Bread and Pastry.Bread is the staple food prepared from a dough of flour and
water,usually by baking and the pastry is a dough of flour,water and shortening(solid
fats,including butter)that maybe savoury or sweetened.
Bread and Pastry.In this study,It refers to the product produce by selected bakery
owner in Alfonso Cavite Bread and Pastry Production.Technical Vocational program
that develops the skills of students.
Bread and Pastry Production.In this study,it refers to one of the major subject in TVL
HE strand. Quality.A primary and universal notion that cannot be strictly
defined,although it can be described and illustrated Quality.In this study,It refers to
how good or bad of something is.
Skill.It is usually understood as an ability to do something well,either
manually,mentally or both.It is usually means actual competence that has been
acquired by training,schooling or practice.
Skill.In this study,It refers to experience and training of a particular students.
Student.A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational
institution.
Student.In this study, It refers to a person who formally engaged in learning,
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
HYPOTHESIS
Ho=There is no significant between Baking skill levels and the Quality of bread and
pastry.
Ha=There is a significant relationship between Baking skill levels and the Quality of
bread and pastry.
however, there is limited evidence on cooking skill levels in the general population
and their impact on dietary intake (Begley & Gallegos, 2010).
in undergraduate dietetic education, students' perceived knowledge and confidence
in food and cooking skills tend to increase with academic year, though overall
competencies remain moderate (Cooper et al., 2017).
for the bakery industry specifically, psychomotor abilities are the most critical skills
(84%), followed by affective (81%) and cognitive (75.3%) abilities (Rachmawati et
al., 2019).
these findings highlight the importance of practical, hands-on experience in culinary
education and suggest that more dedicated time may be needed to develop food
and cooking competencies in undergraduate programs to meet industry
demands.Baking skills encompass a wide range of techniques and knowledge, from
basic bread-making to complex pastry creation. Industrial baking has led to the
deskilling of workers due to automation and mechanization (Zagozewski, 2008).
However, the art of baking remains a valuable skill, with experts emphasizing the
importance of understanding the science behind it (Figoni,2003).
Mastering baking techniques involves learning about ingredient interactions,
chemical reactions, and various methods for raising dough and decorating baked
goods (Greenspan & Child, 1996).
Educational programs in hospitality and culinary arts often include fundamental
baking skills as part of their curriculum, covering topics such as yeast and quick
breads, cakes, cookies, and pastries (Dev et al., 1898).
For those seeking to become master bakers, resources like cookbooks and
comprehensive guides can provide valuable instruction on both basic and advanced
techniques, helping to preserve and advance the art of baking (Greenspan & Child,
1996; Figoni, 2003).
Studies have found significant relationship between various acquired skills and core
competencies in bread and pastry production among high school
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
students(Rodil&Briones 2022).
(Detisiteral 3020) Advanced arraging techniques have emerged as valuable tools for
assessing bread quality characteristics, offering advantages over conventional
method Flavor wentory, theological and tectual articulter ate crucial factors in bread
quality, with factic acid bacteria and entymes showing potential at Inoprotective
technologies
(Amini Placasi ini al. 2021). These findings emphasize the multificeled nature of
hread and party quality, eccompasting wathonal practices, technological
advancements and social factors
(bettoriet al. 2022) To ensure product saley and quality integrated management
systems incorporating
(50 90012015 and HACCP are encial in the bakary industry 41.2020) Advanced
imaging techniques have efferged as valuable tools for answersey quality
charactertatics of baked goods, offering advantages over convertional methods
which can be destructive and labor intensive
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Recent studies have explored various aspects of baking quality and skill levels in
bread and pastry production. The addition of potato flakes to bread dough
significantly impacts acrylamide formation and bread quality, with higher levels
leading to increased acrylamide concentrations in crusts (Swlacka et al.. 2024).
Whole-ground wheat flour of different grindings affects bread quality, with medium-ground flour
showing superior baking properties compared to coarse and fine grindings (Makhmudov et al.,
2024).
In pastry and bakery education, student creativity has been found to have a positive and
significant relationship with learning outcomes, highlighting the importance of fostering innovation
and confidence in culinary skills development (Ramadhani & Yulastri, 2024).
These findings underscore the complexity of factors. influencing baking quality and the
significance of skill development in the field. Research indicates that baking skill levels
significantly impact the quality of bread and pastry products. Students with higher levels of grit
and interest in bread and pastry production tend to demonstrate better skills in preparation,
production, and equipment maintenance (Vallecera & Basal, 2022)
REFERENCE
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Methodology
This section discusses the methodologies use for data collection and analysis in order to
determine the relationship between baking skill levels and the quality of bread and pastry.
Research design
This research will use descriptive research design to describe the baking skill levels and the
quality of bread and pastry
This research will also use correlational research design to find out the relationship between
baking skill levels and the quality of bread and pastry.
Sources of data
The primary source of data in this are the data that will gathered as results of using survey
questionnaire . The participants will be give time to answer the questions designated in the
survey questionnaires assembled as a part of the primary data collection
Meanwhile the secondary sources of data were extracted from scholarly articles and journals
as well as published and unpublished these of research experts in the field to support and
explain the major result of this study.
The study will be conducted at Lucsuhin Integrated School in the Municipality of Alfonso,
Cavite, Philippines It was chosen by the researchers locale of the study since it is the most
convenient and accessible secondary school for the researchers
Respondents of study
The participants in this study are the bakery owner and the employees from the selected
bakery in Alfonso Cavite. They can provide information on the relationship between the baking
skill levels and quality of bread and pastry.
There are two variables used in this study the independent and dependent variable the
independent is the baking skill levels and the dependent variable is the quality of bread and
pastry.
Research instrument
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Likert scale questionnaire survey is the research tool utilized by the researchers to
examine the skills in food presentation and the product appearance of food and beverages. The
researchers are the one who made the question.
Sampling procedure
This study will use stratified sampling wherein the researchers involves the division of a
population into smaller subgroups known as strata.
In this study, the preparation of research instruments involves several key steps.First,it is
essential to Identify the relevant authorities that need to be involve and seek their permission to
proceed These authorities may include school administrators ,local officials, or institutional
review boards ,depending on the specific context of the study. After obtaining permission ,the
sample size and the corresponding respondents for each group must be determined to ensure
appropriate representation. For respondent aged 18 and above, consent is required for
minors.Additionally,if necessary, a pilot test of the research instrument should be conducted to
asses it’s clarify,validity,and reliability before proceeding with the actual data collection
DURING:
In this study , it is crucial to ensure that the instructions provide to the respondents are clear
and straightforward enabling the to fully understand to process and requirements Once the
instructions have been communicated the research instrument will be administered or the
research intervention implemented if applicable Following this, the responses will be carefully
collected ,recorded ,and documented to ensure
Accuracy the completeness, which is essential to the analysis that follows
After
The data that will be gathered should first be summarized and into a
Tabular format to present it clearly and systematically Once the data is summarized, it can
Be analyzed in relation to the research questions. This analysis will involve interpreting the
Trends, patterns , and key findings from the summarized data to provide insights that address
The objectives of the study
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The research questionnaires will be consulted through a BPP Teacher of the senior high school
department in Lucsuhin Integrated School, Ms. Julie Dimaranan who advised the following: the
mean will be used to identify the statement of the problem no.1; the standard deviation will be
used to determine the statement of the problem no.2,and lastly; person will be used for
statement of the problem no.3.
Ethical issues
This study strongly observed ethical considerations since it will deal with the teachers. The
informed consent will be facilitated to the participants. During the conduct of the survey the
purpose of this study will be conveyed and explained the researcher will explain to the
participants that they have the right to participate or withdraw at anytime during the conduct of
the research.
Researchers:
Angelico Aton
Lee jharen bayani Daymon
Daniela De Grano
Paul Simon Macatangay
Dande .A Tapang
researchers
Angelico Aton
Lee jharen bayani Daymon
Daniela De Grano
Paul Simon Macatangay
Dande .A Tapang
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(Donny)(atboune.2021)
Greenspan &Child, 1996 ; Fiona, 2003
273-284 , 2006, http :I/scienedirect.com
https
The instructions below are the questions about the Quality of bread and pastry
Please put a check (/ ) mark under your desired from your choices below
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ofour pastry
iscrumbly
andtender?
8The flavor inour
pastry
ourperfectlybala
nced
9.Theappearanc
e ofour pastry
isvisuallyappeali
ng
10.Thefreshness
of
ourpastryisguara
nteed?
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LUCSUHIN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
301199@deped.gov.ph, depedcavite.lucsuhinnhs@gmail.com