Grade 11-STEM
Criscyrene C.Albacena
ACTIVITY 1
Reproduces sexually trough: E
⬇️
Produces: D
⬇️
Important for the following processes: B
Reproduces asexually through: F
⬇️
Produces: C
⬇️
Important in the following processes: A
ACTIVITY 2
1. Glycoprotein
- A molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus a protein. Glycoproteins play essential roles in the
body. For instance, in the immune system almost all of the key molecules involved in the immune
response are glycoproteins.
2. Glycolipid
- Glycolipids are glycoconjugates of lipids that are generally found on the extracellular face of eukaryotic
cellular membranes, and function to maintain stability of the membrane and to facilitate cell–cell
interactions.
3. Peripheral membrane protein
- Peripheral membrane proteins are membrane proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological
membrane with which they are associated. The reversible attachment of proteins to biological
membranes has shown to regulate cell signaling and many other important cellular events, through a
variety of mechanisms
4. Proteins
- Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the
work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and
organs.
5. Cholesterol
- Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs
some cholesterol to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help you digest foods.
6. Protein channel
- A channel protein is a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane.
7. Phospholipid bilayer
- The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid
molecules. Bilayers are particularly impermeable to ions, which allows cells to regulate salt
concentrations and pH by transporting ions across their membranes using proteins called ion pumps.
ACTIVITY 3
Cell Transport Mechanism
•Passive Transport
- Diffusion and Osmosis
- Facilitated Transport
• Active Transport
- Protein Pumps
- Bulk Transport
• Exocytosis
• Endocytosis
- Pinocytosis
- Phagocytosis
- Receptor
-Mediated
Endocytosis
ACTIVITY 4
1. The process of particles moving through a solution from an area of higher number of particles to an
area of lower number of particles. The areas are typically separated by a membrane.
2.Diffusion is a method of transport that is not active. No energy is wasted in diffusion. Diffusion is the
dissipation of that potential energy when materials migrate down their concentration gradients, from
high to low, and the various concentrations of materials in different places represent a kind of potential
energy.
3.The mass of the solute, the temperature of the environment, the solvent density, and the distance
traveled all influence the rate of diffusion of a solute.
4.The process of spontaneous passive movement of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via
certain transmembrane integral proteins is known as facilitated diffusion.
5. Examples of Transport Proteins. The Sodium-Potassium Pump. Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins.
Gated Ion Channels in the Cochlea.
6. proteins bind specific solutes and transfer them across the lipid bilayer by undergoing conformational
changes that expose the solute-binding site sequentially on one side of the membrane and then on the
other.
7. Against a concentration gradient, active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell
membrane from a lower concentration region to a higher concentration region.
ACTIVITY 5
1. ENDOCYTOSIS
- The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to
form a vesicle containing the ingested material.
2. EXOCYTOSIS
- the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane and results in the discharge of vesicle content into the
extracellular space and the incorporation of new proteins and lipids into the plasma membrane
3. ENDOCYTOSIS
-uptake of specific target substances, such as iron, via their receptor. Receptors cluster in regions termed coated
pits, as they are coated with proteins such as clathrin.
4. ENDOCYTOSIS
- it occurs in immune responses, in signal transduction, in neural function, and in pathological conditions. This is
harder in plant cells than in the animal cells, since they have a cell wall covering the cell membrane.
ACTIVITY 6
Three types of endocytosis:
1- Pinocytosis is the process by which the cell takes in fluids (as well as any small molecules dissolved in those
fluids). You can remember that pinocytosis is cell drinking by thinking about the wine that we drink, pinot grigio. In
the process of pinocytosis, the cell membrane folds in on itself, creating a small pocket, or pouch. The cell
membrane closes around this little pocket, forming what's called a vesicle. Any liquids or small molecules that were
trapped in that pocket are taken into the cell.
2-Receptor-mediated endocytosis, also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a process by which cells absorb
metabolites, hormones, proteins – and in some cases viruses – by the inward budding of the plasma membrane.
3-Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf and digest large molecules. The cell sends out projections of its
cytoplasm called pseudopodia, Greek for 'false feet'. The pseudopodia engulf the molecule, and the cell membrane
fuses around, trapping it inside a cellular vesicle. The vesicle again joins with a lysosome, and the molecule is
broken down.
ACTIVITY 7
Venn diagram
Endocytosis
C.Molecules enter the cell
B.Requires energy
D.Engulfing bacteria by phagocytes in an example
I.Secretory vesicles are formed
Exocytosis
A.Molecules leave the cell
F.Vesicles containing the waste is fused with the cell membrane
G.Large number of molecules are transported
E.Occurs by phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptors-mediated endocytosis
Similarities (center)
Example is cell releasing hormones
K.Example is taking nutrients
