Contents
The Short Vowel Rules..................................................................................................................................1
The Long Vowel Rules...................................................................................................................................2
Four Ways to Form Long Vowel Sounds..................................................................................................4
Diphthongs, Modified Vowels and Vowel Digraphs...............................................................................6
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The Short Vowel Rules
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The Short Vowel Rule
Short Vowel Rule: When there is one vowel in a word, either at the beginning or between two
consonants, it usually has the short vowel sound.
1. Short vowel a words
ant pan wag jam cat bad
ax ran flag and bat dad
wax van cap band hat has
can gas map hand pat mad
fan bag nap sand rat sad
man tag ham lamp sat glass
2. Short vowel e words
egg bed test jet hen fell
leg fed vest met men hell
sled red west net pen sell
step nest web pet ten well
tent rest get wet bell smell
3. Short vowel i words
dig tip hid crib sit fill
pig pin kid fist bit hill
wig sin lid list fit kill
dip tin bib milk hit pill
hip win fib silk pit will
lip did rib swim mitt him
4. Short vowel o words
God hop stop jot fox cob
nod mop cot not ox mob
pod pop dot pot box rob
rod top got rot pox sob
sod drop hot tot mom pond
5. Short vowel u words
cub gun buzz dug tug bus
tub run but hug cuff dump
bud sun cut jug puff hump
mud cup nut mug gum jump
gull pup bug rug yum pump
6. Short vowel words that end in ck
black neck sock duck quack sick
jack check block truck snack brick
pack speck clock cluck track chick
sack dock flock pluck kick quick
tack lock knock stuck lick stick
black rock stuck truck pick trick
The Long Vowel Rules
The Long Vowel Rule (1)
Long Vowel Rule (1): When a word has two vowel, usually the first vowel says its name and
the second vowel is silent.
1. Long vowel a words
mail gain bake ape paint gray
nail main cake tape day play
pail pain lake ate hay pray
rail rain make hate lay stay
sail train rake late may stray
tail mane take date pay tray
came vane pale gate say fade
game wave sale bait way made
name save whale wait clay grade
2. Long vowel e words
sea seal fear beef wheat sheep
tea beam hear meek seem sleep
reach team near seek seen deer
teach bean bee feel teen feet
beak mean tree heal green meet
weak heap free peel deep beet
heal leap feed hear peep greet
meal ear need meat weep key
real dear weed seat creep three
3. Long vowel i words
hide bike dime vine pie dive
ride like lime wipe tie five
side hike time pipe fire hive
tide file chime ripe hire cry
wide mile dine rise tire dry
bride pile fine wise wire fly
glide tile line size bite fry
pride smile mine prize kite try
slide while pine die white sky
4. Long vowel o words
road coat hole rope stove grow
load goat pole nose bow know
toad hoe stole rose low show
oak toe home close mow slow
soak rode bone chose row snow
foam joke cone hose tow throw
roam poke tone note blow boast
soap spoke stone vote crow roast
boat smoke hope dove flow toast
5. Long vowel u words
suite June true new chew flew
fruit tune use pew drew slew
juice prune fuse crew grew stew
cute blue dew knew screw mew
flute clue few mule threw cube
dune glue hew rule blew tube
The Long Vowel Rule (2)
Long Vowel Rule (2): If a word has one vowel and it comes at the end of the word, that word usually has
a long vowel sound.
6. Long vowel words that follow Rule 2
he we why lo yo-yo Exceptions:
me by go no be do
she my so so hi to
The Long Vowel Rule (3)
Long Vowel Rule (3): The vowel i and o have the long vowel sound when followed by two or more
consonants usually has a long vowel sound.
7. Long vowel words that follow Rule 2
child mind light old colt most
bind blind night cold colt post
find grind right fold jolt roll
hind high bright hold volt toll
kind fight flight told both stroll
Four Ways to Form Long Vowel Sounds
https://blog.allaboutlearningpress.com/long-vowel-sounds/
A vowel at the end of a syllable can be long.
In the word we, as in We love emus, the vowel E is at the end of the
syllable and says long E. In these words, the vowel at the end of a
syllable is long: hero, hi, music.
Silent E can make the previous vowel long.
In the word cute, as in Emus are cute, the long U sound is formed by
adding Silent E at the end of the word. Here are more words in which
Silent E makes the previous vowel long: tape, shine, code.
Vowel teams can make long vowel sounds.
Vowel teams are two vowels that work together to make one sound.
For example, in the word eat, as in Emus eat seeds, vowel team EA
says long E. These words have vowel teams that make a long vowel
sound: mail, sheep, soap.
I or O can be long when they come before two consonants.
In the word stroll, as in The emu went for a stroll, the letter O comes
before two consonants and says its long vowel sound. In these words, I
or O are long before two consonants: kind, gold, child.
So there you go—the four basic patterns for spelling long vowel
sounds!
Diphthongs, Modified Vowels and Vowel Digraphs
Diphthongs, Modified Vowels and Vowel Digraphs
Four Ways to Form Long Vowel Sounds
Diphthongs, Modified Vowels and Vowel
Digraphs
http://www.hisdwelling.com/DiphthongsModifiedVowelsDigraphs.html
Diphthongs, Modified Vowels and Vowel Digraphs
A diphthong is two vowel sounds in one syllable. The diphthong ow and ou make
the ow sound as in cow.
1. Words with diphthongs ow and ou
blouse cow dowel out crown ouch
house bow towel pout clown pouch
mouse how vowel about frown couch
found now growl scout down tower
hound wow our shout gown power
pound plow hour snout town flower
round owl flour sprout mouth shower
sound fowl loud route south mountain
ground howl proud brown count thousand
When the consonant r after the vowel a, it changes the sound of the vowel as in ark.
2. Modified vowels: är words
bar star hark cart farmer barber
car bard lark dart harm garden
far card mark mart alarm harbor
gar guard park part charm harness
jar hard shark tart arch harvest
mar yard spark chart march market
par ark barn start carp pardon
tar bark yarn arm harp regard
spar dark art farm sharp sparkle
A diphthong is two vowels sounds in one syllable. The diphthongs oi and oy make
the oi sound as in oil.
3. Words with diphthongs oi and oy
oil soil point moist toy enjoy
boil broil voice noise coin destroy
coil spoil choice boy join loyal
fail joint hoist joy poison royalty
When the consonant r comes after the vowel o, it changes the sound of the vowel as
in for. The or sound is marked like this: côrn.
4. Modified vowel ôr words
Lord fort core snore torch north
door port more store born acorn
floor short sore horse corn corner
fork sport tore storm horn organ
stork forty score porch thorn uniform
A vowel digraph has two vowels that make one sound. The digraph oo makes the
sound of oo as in zoo.
5. Words with the vowel digraph oo as in zoo
broom moose soon pool zoo smooth
room noodle spoon spool shoot food
hoop poodle roost stool roof balloon
loop too rooster school proof igloo
goose moon tool boot booth raccoon
loose moon fool root tooth snooze
A vowel digraph has two vowels that make one sound. The digraph oo makes the
sound of oo as in look.
6. Words with the vowel digraph oo as in book; o, u, and ou can say oo
book brook good wool wolf bull
cook crook hood woolen wolves full
hook shook stood foot put pull
look cookie wood soot bush could
nook booklet woody unhook push would
took brooklet wooden lookout cushion should
When the consonant r comes after the vowel e, it changes the sound of the vowel as
in herd. The er sound is a combination of the schwa (ə) and r sounds.
7. Modified vowel er words
herd sister circle birthday turkey early
germ cracker circus thirteen purple earn
term hammer bird thirty hurry learn
fern pitcher third fur nurse earth
eternal rocker girl curb purse word
verse water firm church burst work
serve zipper squirrel injure hurt world
person fir dirt sure curtain worm
father sir shirt curl turtle worry
mother stir skirt burn heard worship
brother giraffe first turn pearl worth
The vowel o makes different sounds and one of them is the sound of ô as in dôg.
8. Words with the sound of ô as in dog
off moth claw draw crawl taught
dog belong small straw shawl fault
fog strong stall thaw sprawl ought
hog wrong talk dawn faucet brought
log ball walk fawn awning fought
frog call stalk lawn awful brought
smog fall salt yawn auto thought
boss hall malt brawn because autumn
toss mall law drawn caught haughty
cross tall paw hawk daughter laundry
cloth wall saw brawl naughty cough (f)
You have learned the sound of är as in arm. These letters also make the sound
of areas in squâre.
9. Modified âre words
bare blare fair pear cherry aware
care flare hair tear their barrel
dare share pair wear where dairy
hare carry stair berry there errand
rare marry chair ferry carrot error
ware air bear merry parrot square
The letter c usually has the sound of s when it is followed by the vowels e, i, or y. This
is called the soft sound of c. Likewise, the soft sound of the letter g makes the j sound
when it is followed by e, i, or y.
10. The soft sounds of the letters c and g
ice juice glance necklace badge hedge
dice base city circle large pledge
lice face cymbals circus barge engine
mice lace ounce age charge giraffe
nice pace bounce cage gem hinge
rice race pounce gage ridge danger
vice brace fence page bridge giant
slice place pencil rage gum orange
spice space prince sage gypsy range
price trace lettuce stage Egypt change
twice chance celery wage wedge manger
A vowel digraph has two vowels that makes one sound. The digraph ea makes the
sound of e as in head.
11. Words with the vowel digraph ea which has the short vowel e
sound
dead dread thread meant threat sweater
head spread deaf weapons breath weather
lead stead breakfast peasant death headache
read steady health pleasant feather treasure
ready instead wealth pleasure heather measure
bread tread cleanser sweat leather meadow
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