KADUNA STATE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION
MASTERS IN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION

COURSE CODE: MDC 803

COURSE TITLE:
DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION RESEARCH

Question:
SELECT ANY TOPIC OF YOUR CHOICE AND CONDUCT RESEARCH ON IT
(TRADITIONAL RESEARCH).

TOPIC:
RADIO AS A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NARAYI, CHIKUN
L.G.A: A STUDY OF “DEMOCRACY IN PRACTICE”, LIBERTY FM

BY

GROUP 3

S/no Name Matric No

1. Nathaniel Joseph Onuche KASU/mdc/mcm/21/0001
2. Hamdala Saad KASU/mdc/mcm/21/0006
3. Grace Peters KASU/mdc/mcm/21/0014
4. Jennifer Lucius Leo KASU/mdc/mcm/21/0025
5. Rhoda Mbawushi Johnson PG030123

COURSE LECTURER:
Prof. Bashir Muhammad Ali

JULY, 2023

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 ABSTRACT
This study focused on “the role of radio for sustainable development in Narayi, Chikun LGA
Kaduna: A study of “Democracy in Practice”, Liberty FM.” The study sought to find out the
level of impacts the programme “Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) has made in promoting
sustainable development of Narayi in Chikun local government, to establish how development
partners use Liberty FM “Democracy in Practice” to introduce or run development projects in
Narayi, Chikun Local Government and to recommend best practices of the use of Liberty FM
“Democracy in Practice” to promote sustainable rural development. Anchored on Dialogic
Communication and Action theory which is an alternative approach put forward by Brazilian
educator. The study surveyed 384 respondents. Data analyzed using frequency and percentage
tables and revealed among other that Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) have been used to
create awareness, knowledge and understanding on sustainable development in Narayi. The
study therefore concluded that as a result of Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM), residents in
Narayi have become politically enlightened and also the programme helps promote economic
growth of the community. Hence, it recommended that media programmes

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Introduction

Community development is not a creation of modern times; it is as old as mankind when the
family was the central focus of any activity. Community development is an age long movement
that has been in practice in various communities even before the advent of colonialism. Before
colonization leadership was rooted in the culture and tradition of various people and decision
making was part and parcels of rural development. Rural development has always been equated
to community development from immemorial to date. The two words (Community development)
are used interchangeably, Chukwuezi (2000) and Cavaye (2000), had lend their supports when
they wrote that all rural development are equally community. This assisted largely in
mobilization of people for developmental activities.

The argument has been that since the last majority of Nigerians of over 80% reside in rural areas,
Cavaye (2000), there would not be social welfare without rural areas transformation and
development so that the rural people share in the social amenities and other facets of economic,
social and political life of the country.

Historically, the notion of community development owes a great deal to the efforts of colonial
administrators. Hence, after the Second World War, the British colonial office became concern
with community development. Mayo (2000) in Cavaye (2000), suggests that administrators
invested the term out of their attempts to develop basic education and social welfare in the UK
colonies. The importance of community development in contemporary Nigeria cannot be over
emphasized as its significance sterns from its recognized role in the process of achieving the
improvements of the economic, political, social and cultural condition of communities. As a
strategy, community development ensures rapid national development. Ugwu (2009) asserts that
community development is one of the major planks upon which National Developmental Policies
and their implementation are hinged.

This is why the group dynamic perspective or community development becomes imperative,
especially as issues concerning community development with special emphasis on self-help
approach tend to rely on the "felt-needs theory" and the traditional participatory democratic
theory. These theories are indicative of the place of people's participation in development. Some

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community development program that were put in place by federal state and local government
include the poverty alleviation programs, National Economic Empowerment and Development
Strategy, having their version in state and local government respectively.

Community development has become a national importance in Nigeria. Flora and flora (2012) in
Emeh, Eluwa and Ukah (2012) argue that community development combines the ideal of
"community with development". Hence, the concept of community development relies on
interaction between people and joint action, rather than individual activity what some
sociologists call "collective agency".

Christensen (1999) sees development to involve change, improvement and vitality; a direct
attempt to improve participation flexibility, equity, attitude, the functions of institutions. And the
quality of life. It leads to a net addition to community assets. Nigerian government policies of
development such as department of food, road and rural infrastructure (DFRRI), National
Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP), National Economic Empowerment and Development
Strategy (NEEDS) are to be concerned especially with rural development in two major aspects.
The first is the recognition of the people as the center of development.

The second is the need to build strongly on existing social, cultural, political and economic
foundations from the federal, state and local government policies on rural development can only
succeed if the people especially in Chikun local government adopt these policies and participate
actively and massively in their implementations. Such substantial participation and sustained
interest can only be achieved through community development efforts of the people and in direct
consonance with the people's social, cultural and religious value (Jones cited in Obetta and
charity, 2012).

Community development is a strategy or approach for improvement that is directed towards a

specific field of social development requiring action on the part of the people to improve their
condition of living, whether social, economic or cultural. Its effect in the field of social
development is socially conditioned, since it brings about awareness and the improvements of
relationship between individuals, groups, communities and organizations to ensure a sustained
development.

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In this light, from a humanitarian perspective, it may be seen as a search for community, mutual
aid, social support and human liberation in an alienating, oppressive, competitive and
individualistic society. In its more pragmatic institutional sense, it may be viewed as a means for
mobilizing communities to join state or institutional initiatives that are aimed at alleviating
poverty, solving social problems strengthening families, fostering democracy and achieving
modernization and socio-economic development (Campfens cited in Ohiani 2006). Therefore,
attempt is made to justify community development as a strategy for sustainable development,
with particular reference to Chikun local government area of Kaduna state.

Research Problem

It is important to recognize that most of the challenges of development in Nigeria are a clear
manifestation of the weakness in the strategic adopted by the government, from federal, state and
local government. Most of the development strategies adopted by government are mostly those
that are top-down in their approaches. For example, the development programmes to empower
the people or enhance community development from time, such as DFRRI, NAPEP, NEEDS
with state and local versions are all not people friendly, since the people were not involved or
carried along. This makes community development to suffer and thereby frustrating sustainable
development. This is because the input from the people was not included, despite the fact that the
development was targeted at them (obetta and charity, 2012).

The people lacked sense of belonging to any of government projects or programmes, they never
felt as if they were part of the development efforts of their communities, which affected the
maintenance of those projects, leading to the problems of not sustaining those facilities or
programmes put in place to serve the people. In some communities in Chikun local government,
like any other communities within the country there are projects initiated and implemented by
the government that are no longer serving the purpose which they were meant for because the
community's inputs were neglected for example the solar boreholes of Ungwan Bije-kakau ward,
the solar borehole in Sarki street Ungwan Romi Yelwa/Romi ward worked for only a year and
are no longer functioning. Also, in Kakau community, about seven boreholes were sunk by the
local government only the one in front of the house of a member of House of Representatives
representing the constituency is functioning. Most of government projects and programmes

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provided by government within the local government area are not properly maintained thereby
leading to problem of sustainability.

It is mostly a top-down approach to community development, which makes projects and

programmes unsustainable due to misplaced priorities, as to what the people need, is not what is
given to them, but what the donors feel they need. This is the gap the study intends to fill.

Aim and Objectives of the study

The major objective of this study is to examine the role of radio for sustainable development in
Narayi, Chikun LGA Kaduna (A study of “Democracy in Practice”, Liberty FM)

1. To find out the level of impacts the programme “Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM)
has made in promoting sustainable development of Narayi in Chikun local government.

2. To establish how development partners use Liberty FM “Democracy in Practice” to

introduce or run development projects in Narayi, Chikun Local Government.

3. To recommend best practices of the use of Liberty FM “Democracy in Practice” to

promote sustainable rural development.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Conceptual Overview of Communication

Communication in development discourse has gained prominence over the past years. It involves
the design and dissemination of messages targeted at significant segment of the society. These
messages are useful and meaningful ideas, facts, data, pictures which are simple and clear
enough to inform, motivate and educate people about poverty reduction and wealth creation.
According to Mboho and Batta (2012:197), “the purpose of communicating is to increase
knowledge, modify attitudes and encourage the practice of specific groups in the society in order
to assist them to take decisions”. These scholars view communication as a functional social
process which is meant to improve the general wellbeing of man.

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Goran Hedebro (1985:5) describes communication as “a situation where messages are
transmitted between institutions, people and the media irrespective of whether there is a
feedback or not”. Hedebro’s perspective sees communication as a product which does not
require feedback, as long as the information is delivered, communication has taken place. This
type of communication is antithetical to development as it exemplifies the top down approach of
the dominant paradigm. When communication is viewed as a product, the opinion and
perspectives of the people are not taken into consideration. The receivers consume whatever
information thrown at them without having a say in deciding what they want.

On the contrary, Moore and Kalaup (2007:11) opine that “Communication is that essential tool
for mutual understanding that promotes the straight forward interchange of ideas and concepts
between persons- sender and receiver”. This implies that inherent in communication is an
adaptable tool that must be used as a two-way process that is a prerequisite for understanding
and accepting an intended message. Wilbur Schramm (1964) noted that the flow of news among
nations is thin, and as such much attention is given to developed countries and little to
lessdeveloped. Consequently, important events are ignored and realities are distorted.

From a more radical perspective, Herbert Schiller (1969) observes that developing countries had
little meaningful input in decisions about media frequency allocations for satellites at a key
meeting in Geneva in 1963 pointing out that many satellites had military applications. Intelsat
was set up for international co-operation in satellite communication that was also dominated by
the United States. In the 1970s, these and other issues were taken up by the Non-Aligned
Movement made up of about 77 countries and debated within the United Nations to counter
Media Imperialism by creating an information order that gives a more balanced view of
developing countries than has generally been by Western press coverage. The UNESCO
sponsored a campaign called ‘The New World Information and Communication Order’
(NWICO) under the chairmanship of Sean Mac-Bride in 1978. The UNESCO Convention on
Cultural Diversity of 2005 put into effect some of the goals of NWICO, especially as regard to
the unbalanced global flow of mass media information.

It is worthy of note that communication is not restricted to the dissemination of messages alone
as pointed out by MacBride (1980) but rather, it should also center on involving people in the
diagnosis of needs, the design and implementation of selected activities. Hence, for

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communication to be complete, the receiver must react to the message and then decide its
acceptance or otherwise on the same pedestal as the initiator of the message. At this point, there
is a horizontal and cross-fertilization of ideas which is fulcrum of every people centered
development.

Sustainable Development

To differentiate economic development from economic growth, Jhingan (2007) described

economic growth as basically a quantitative increase in a country’s per capital income with
related increase in employment, consumption, capital, and trade, while economic development
simply means growth that goes concurrently with change. This, according to him, means quality
change in economic wants, goods and services, productivity, knowledge, innovations and
creativity or the upward movement of a country’s social system. Based on Jhingan's argument,
there can be economic growth that may not necessarily translate to development. Sharing a
similar view, Bello-Imam and Obadan (2004) argue that development occurs when societies
achieve improve quality in health and education services, improved living conditions along with
widened range of opportunities, both in work and in leisure. According to them, development
would only be said to have occurred in a society when there is notable improvement in the
provision of basic needs and services like good housing, portable water, quality education, self-
esteem, self-respect, freedom, and material advancement that provide people with quality
choices.

The above conception of development by Jhingan, Bello-Imam and Obadan points to one central
argument – development is attained only when growth in the economy transforms social,
cultural, and political life in a sustainable manner. The concept of development has changed
from being viewed as simply the fulfilment of basic needs in the 1970s-1980s, to human
development and security in the 1990s to the current notion of sustainable development (AIV
2019).

Sustainable development is a development that satisfy the needs of the present generation
without compromising the needs of future generation as described by the 1987 Brundtland
Commission Report (UNESCO). Like the concept of human rights, sustainable development is
hinged on four dimensions that affect all spheres of human endeavour – society, environment,
culture, and economy. This paradigm of thinking is about a future in which socio-cultural and
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environmental considerations are balanced in the quest for improved quality of life for citizen.
The overall goal according to Emas (2015), is the long-term firmness of the economy and
environment.

Thus, while development has remained the aspiration of all nations of the world, particularly
those at the bottom of the development pyramid, efforts towards achieving development goals
must be done in a sustainable manner without compromising the future. This also means that
efforts geared towards human capital development through mobilisation and empowerment of
the citizenry for development, must be done sustainably with no one left behind on account of
political affiliation, economic status, and other discriminatory considerations.

Communication and Sustainable Development

The architectural basis for the concept and programme of development was laid in 1949 by the
US President, Harry Truman when he said:

We are moving on with other nations to build an even stronger structure of international
order and justice. We shall have as our partner countries which, no longer solely
concerned with the problem of national survival, are now working to improve the
standards of living of all their people. We are ready to undertake new projects to
strengthen a free world… we must embark on a bold new programme for making the
benefits of our scientific advances and industrial progress available for the improvement
and growth of underdeveloped areas. More than half the people of the world are living in
conditions approaching misery. Their food is inadequate. They are victims of disease.
Their economic life is primitive and stagnant. Their poverty is a handicap and a threat
both to them and to more prosperous areas.

This speech made by Harry Truman set the drive to the path to development. He alluded that the
absence of scientific and industrial progress is synonymous to underdevelopment by drawing a
clear cut difference between the developed and the underdeveloped nations. Truman’s speech
also introduced a new meaning to development which is the opposite of underdevelopment- and
a synonym for poverty.

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Contrary to Truman’s speech, scholars from the third world with majority coming from Latin
America believe that development should not be measured on economic or tangible indicators
but rather, development should come from a critical realization of people to take action without
necessarily waiting for outsiders. Conversely, these scholars are of the view that development is
associated with increase in skill, capacity, greater freedom, creativity, and responsibility and
material well-being. Olewe (1995) sees development as a widely participatory process. It a
course of action towards social change intended to bring about social and material advancement,
greater equality, freedom and other related qualities for the majority of the people through their
gaining greater control of their environment, (Rogers 1976).

The overall objective of development is the improvement of man in the society as pointed out by
Ogai (2003). Communication ensures development and development creates further reasons to
communicate. From Ogai’s argument, it can be inferred that because human society is dynamic,
people need to constantly seek out ways to engender development.

Radio Programme and Sustainable Development

It is believed that radio was and perhaps is still the most dominant mass media in developing
countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. This is because it is perceived to have the widest
geographical reach and highest audience compared to the television (TV), newspaper and other
information and communication technologies (ICT) owing to its democratization and market
liberalization. Oso,Soola and Pate(2012) said:

Most Nigerians have radio sets and use same to listen to news and other happenings within and
outside the country. They also access educational and entertainment programmes. Radio sets are
the most portable of all mass media channels, the most widespread, the most economic and most
available. Radio can reach even the most remote areas, overcome geographical and language
barriers because messages can be transmitted in the local languages of the listeners. Where there
is no direct power supply, radios can run on batteries that cost as low as twenty naira. It has more
potentials of reaching the widest number of people in the country. In the rural areas, it is the only
available mass media. Community radios are low cost mass media channels for their listeners to
contribute their ideas to the development efforts of their individual communities first and by

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extension to the nation. These listeners suggest ways to develop reconstruct and emphasize
priorities.

Community Broadcasting and Sustainable Development in Nigeria

There is often a misconception between the terms “rural broadcasting” and community
broadcasting”. The differences in the terms can be spotted using Oso’s (2002) differentiation
between the terms “rural development” and “community development” According to Oso
(2002), community development does not refer to geographical togetherness but refers more to a
set of geographical area. In this sense, a community could either be rural or urban. They can
have social relationships or a network of interrelationships between people living in the same
locality. So, it emphasizes the relationship among people, rather than their living together. In
other words, they could be dispersed individuals or groups who have the same yearnings, values,
characteristics, interests and inclinations. Therefore, there can be community of farmers living in
the rural or urban communities; there can be community of teachers widely dispersed amongst
other communities.

To further understand the idea of community broadcasting, it is important to consider the

rationale behind it. One of the strong arguments in support of the establishment of community
broadcasting in Nigeria is its power not only to drive community development; but also, its role
for stimulating national cohesion and harmonious living in Nigeria (Garba 2011). To further
understand the idea of community broadcasting, Oso (2002) explained that community
development rejects the paternalistic, top-down approach often implied in the concept and
practice of rural development. It focuses on the action of self-reliance and regular participation
by the community in the development process. It is a democratic people-centered model of
development which thrives to satisfy the basic needs of the people. It involves democratic and
popular participation in decision-making, conscientization and mobilization and empowerment
of disadvantaged social groups so that they can defend and advance their social and political
rights and as well as hold their elected leaders accountable, among others. (Oso, 2002: 161). To
that effect therefore, community radio is founded on the following principles:

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 i. Access and Participation: Members of the community have the right and opportunity to
take part in the ownership, control and management of the station. The members of the
community representing various community interests share in the management of the

station.

ii. Diversity: Community radios provide different types of programmes for the community
members. These members may be those united by ethnicity, language, religion, educational
affiliation or way of life. Thailand has over 3000 community radio stations.

India offered 6000 licenses to non-profit bodies to establish community radio stations.

The programmes they offer range from local music, news to political education.

iii.Localism: Community radios target specific communities united by geography or interest.

Geographical communities are defined by their physical locations. Example: The Ahmadu
Bello University Community in Zaria, Kaduna State. The communities of interest are
united by concerns like gender, religion, age and style of life. The station is based in and
explicitly committed to its community. It provides what the other commercial and public
broadcasters do not have. It addresses issues of crucial interest like poverty, social
exclusion and community empowerment among others

iv. Independence: The government does not fund community radios. This does not mean
that community radio stations do not interact with it or its numerous agencies. However,
these interactions are open and transparent to ensure non-partisanship. The stations operate
within legally defined boundaries.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research methodology for this study involves using the survey method as the research
design. A survey is a research method that focuses on a representative sample derived from the
entire population of study. The researcher will personally administer questionnaires to gather
data from the selected sample, which consists of residents in Narayi, with a population of
135,391 according to the projected statistics. The sample size will be 384 respondents,

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determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table, which is sufficient to study the population with a
95% confidence level and 5% error margin. The researcher will employ stratified sampling to
allocate the questionnaires among eight streets in Narayi, ensuring representation from each
settlement. The data collection instrument will be a self-administered questionnaire in a closed-
ended format. Descriptive data analysis will be used to summarize and interpret the collected
data.

DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

In analyzing the questionnaire, the researcher administered 384 questionnaires to residents in

Narayi, out of 384 questionnaires administered, 349 were returned and 35 were missing.
Therefore the return rate is 349 and the researcher analysed the data based on the number of
questionnaires returned (i.e 349 questionnaires returned)

Demographic Data Analysis:

Table 1: Showing the age of respondents

AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

18-22 90 25.7%
23-27 55 15.8 %
28-32 194 55.6%
33-37 10 2.9%
37 and Above - -
Total 349 100%

In table 1 above, 90 of the respondents representing 25.7% respondents are within the age range
of 18-22, 55(15.6%) are within the age range of 23-27, 194(55.8%) are within the age range of

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28-32, 10(2.9%) are within the age range of 33-37. This indicates that majority of the
respondents who participated in filling the questionnaire are within the age range of 28.32.

Table 2: Showing the gender of the respondents

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Male 152 43.6%
Female 197 56.4%
Total 349 100%

The above table 2, indicates that out of 349 respondents, 152 (43.6%) are Male while
197(56.4%) are female. This indicates that the female respondents dedicated their time in
assisting the researcher in filling the questionnaire.

Table 3: Showing the marital status of the respondents

MARITAL STATUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Single 313 89.7%
Married 36 10.3%
Total 349 100%

In the table 3, 313 (89.7%) indicated that they are single, 36(10.3%) are married. This clearly
shows that majority of the respondents who participated in this research work are single.

Table 4: I am an active listener of the programme “democracy in practice”

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 280 80.2%
Agree 55 15.8%
Disagree 2 0.6%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Undecided 12 3.4%
TOTAL 349 100%

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From the data collected, 280 (80.2%) indicated strongly agree, 55 (15.8%) indicated agree, 2
(0.6%) disagreed, while 12 (3.4%) were undecided. The results gotten clearly shows that
majority of the respondents strongly agreed that they are active listeners of the programme
“democracy in practice”.

Table 5: Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) have been used to create awareness,
knowledge and understanding on sustainable development in Narayi.

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 59 16.9%
Agree 275 78.8
Disagree 3 0.8%
Strongly Disagree 1 0.3%
Undecided 11 3.2%
TOTAL 349 100%

From the data collected in table 5 above, 59 (78.8%) indicated strongly agree, 275 (78.8%)
indicated agree, 3 (0.8%) disagreed, 1 (0.3%) strongly disagreed, while 11 (3.2%) were
undecided. The results gotten clearly shows that majority of the respondents agree to the
assertion that “Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) have been used to create awareness,
knowledge and understanding on sustainable development in Narayi.

Table 6: Residents in Narayi have become active participators in Sustainable development

as a result of the programme “Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM)

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 195 55.9%
Agree 150 43%
Disagree 0 0%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Undecided 4 1.1%
TOTAL 349 100%

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From the data collected in table 6 above, 195 (55.9%) indicated strongly agree, 150 (43%)
indicated agree, while 4 (1.1%) were undecided. The results gotten clearly shows that majority of
the respondents strongly agree to the assertion above.

Table 7: As a result of Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM), residents in Narayi have

become politically enlightened.

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 100 28.7%
Agree 178 51%
Disagree 15 4.3%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Undecided 56 16%
TOTAL 349 100%

From the response of the respondents in table 9 above, we can see that 28.7% of the respondents
strongly agreed, 51% agreed, 4.3% disagreed while 16% were undecided. This means the
respondents clearly agree that as a result of Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM), residents in
Narayi have become politically enlightened.

Table 8: The programme helps promote economic growth of the community

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 59 16.9%
Agree 275 78.8
Disagree 3 0.8%
Strongly Disagree 1 0.3%
Undecided 11 3.2%
TOTAL 349 100%

From the data collected in table 10 above, 59 (78.8%) indicated strongly agree, 275 (78.8%)
indicated agree, 3 (0.8%) disagreed, 1 (0.3%) strongly disagreed, while 11 (3.2%) were
undecided. The results gotten clearly shows that majority of the respondents agree to the
assertion that the programme helps promote economic growth of the community.

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Table 9: “Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM), have helped promote social development
in the community

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 280 80.2%
Agree 60 17.2%
Disagree 2 0.6%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Undecided 7 2%
TOTAL 349 100%

From the data collected in table 11 above, 280 (80.2%) indicated strongly agree, 60 (17.2%)
indicated agree, 2 (0.6%) disagreed, while 7(2%) were undecided. The results gotten clearly
shows that majority of the respondents strongly agree that “Democracy in Practice” (Liberty
FM), have helped promote social development in the community.

Table 10: Development partners use Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) to organize talk
shows geared towards development.

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 59 16.9%
Agree 275 78.8
Disagree 3 0.8%
Strongly Disagree 1 0.3%
Undecided 11 3.2%
TOTAL 349 100%

From the data collected in table 12 above, 59 (78.8%) indicated strongly agree, 275 (78.8%)
indicated agree, 3 (0.8%) disagreed, 1 (0.3%) strongly disagreed, while 11 (3.2%) were
undecided. The results gotten clearly shows that majority of the respondents agree to the
assertion that development partners use Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) to organize talk
shows geared towards development.

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Table 11: Development partners use Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) to create
awareness on development projects in Narayi

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 195 55.9%
Agree 150 43%
Disagree - -
Strongly Disagree - -
Undecided 4 1.1%
TOTAL 349 100%

From the data collected in table 9 above, 195 representing 55.9% of the respondents indicated
strongly agree, 150 representing 43% indicated agree, while 4 representing 1.1% of the
respondents were undecided. The results gotten clearly shows that majority of the respondents
strongly agreed that development partners use Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) to create
awareness on development projects in Narayi.

Table 12: Development partners use Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) as a means to
mobilise the populace in Narayi towards achieving a development project.

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 100 28.7%
Agree 178 51%
Disagree 15 4.3%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Undecided 56 16%
TOTAL 349 100%

From the response of the respondents in table 10 above, it is shown that 28.7% of the
respondents strongly agreed, 51% agreed, 4.3% disagreed while 16% were undecided. This
means the respondents clearly agree that development partners use Democracy in Practice”
(Liberty FM) as a means to mobilise the populace in Narayi towards achieving a development
project.

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Table 13: Development partners use Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) to promote
economic growth among the people.

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 59 16.9%
Agree 275 78.8
Disagree 3 0.8%
Strongly Disagree 1 0.3%
Undecided 11 3.2%
TOTAL 349 100%

From the data collected in table 11 above, 59 representing 78.8% of the respondents indicated
strongly agree, 275 (78.8%) indicated agree, 3 (0.8%) disagreed, 1 (0.3%) strongly disagreed,
while 11 (3.2%) were undecided. The results gotten clearly shows that majority of the
respondents are concurred with the assertion that development partners use Democracy in
Practice” (Liberty FM) to promote economic growth among the people.

Table 14: Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) should air seminars and programmes on
sustainable development

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 280 80.2%
Agree 60 17.2%
Disagree 2 0.6%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Undecided 7 2%
TOTAL 349 100%

From the data collected in table 12 above, 280 (80.2%) indicated strongly agree, 60 (17.2%)
indicated agree, 2 (0.6%) disagreed, while 7(2%) were undecided. The results gotten clearly
shows that majority of the respondents strongly agree that Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM)
should air seminars and programmes on sustainable development.

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Table 15: Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) should be used to create awareness, on
sustainable development by inviting experts as resource persons to talk on the need for
sustainable development

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 59 16.9%
Agree 275 78.8
Disagree 3 0.8%
Strongly Disagree 1 0.3%
Undecided 11 3.2%
TOTAL 349 100%

The result from the table above reveal that, 59 representing 78.8% of the respondents indicated
strongly agree, 275 representing 78.8% of the respondents indicated agree, 3 representing 0.8%
of the respondents disagreed, 1 representing 0.3% strongly disagreed, while 11 representing
3.2% were undecided. The results gotten clearly shows that majority of the respondents agreed
that Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) should be used to create awareness, on sustainable
development by inviting experts as resource persons to talk on the need for sustainable
development.

Table 16: Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) should be used as a means to carry out
development projects in rural communities

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 280 80.2%
Agree 60 17.2%
Disagree 2 0.6%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Undecided 7 2%
TOTAL 349 100%

From the data collected in table 14 above, 280 (80.2%) indicated strongly agree, 60 (17.2%)
indicated agree, 2 (0.6%) disagreed, while 7(2%) were undecided. The results gotten clearly
shows that majority of the respondents strongly agree that Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM)
should be used as a means to carry out development projects in rural communities.

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Table 17: Liberty radio should air Programmes on development frequently

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 195 55.9%
Agree 150 43%
Disagree - -
Strongly Disagree - -
Undecided 4 1.1%
TOTAL 349 100%

The findings from the table shows that 195 representing 55.9% of the respondents indicated
strongly agree, 150 representing 43% of the repondents indicated agree, while 4 representing
1.1% of the respondents were undecided. The results gotten clearly shows that majority of the
respondents strongly agree Liberty radio should air Programmes on development frequently.

Table 18: Interactive programmes should be aired more in rural communities so that it can
aid participation

Options Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 100 28.7%
Agree 178 51%
Disagree 15 4.3%
Strongly Disagree 0 0%
Undecided 56 16%
TOTAL 349 100%

From the response of the respondents in table 16 above, 28.7% of the respondents strongly
agreed, 51% agreed, 4.3% disagreed while 16% were undecided. This means the respondents
clearly agree that Interactive programmes should be aired more in rural communities so that it
can aid participation.

Discussion of Findings

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On the level of impact radio has made in promoting sustainable development among residents of
Narayi in Chikun local government, the study reveals that Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM)
have been used to create awareness, knowledge and understanding on sustainable development
in Narayi. Furthermore, residents in Narayi have become active participators in Sustainable
development as a result of the programme “Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM). Also, the
study revealed that as a result of Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM), residents in Narayi has
become politically enlightened. In addendum, the programme helps promote economic growth of
the community. Also, the study revealed that “Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM), have
helped promote social development in the community.

Development partners use Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) to promote economic growth
among the people. The study also reveal that Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) to organize
talk shows geared towards development. Furthermore, Development partners use Democracy in
Practice” (Liberty FM) to create awareness on development projects in Narayi and also
development partners use Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) as a means to mobilise the
populace in Narayi towards achieving a development project.

In revealing the best practices on the use of radio stations to promote sustainable rural
development, the recommendations made were: Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) should air
seminars and programmes on sustainable development. Collaboratively, Democracy in Practice”
(Liberty FM) should be used to create awareness, on sustainable development by inviting experts
as resource persons to talk on the need for sustainable development. Furthermore, according to
the findings from the study, Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) should be used as a means to
carry out development projects in rural communities.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, the study concludes that Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM), have
helped promote social development in the community. The study also concludes that as a result
of Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM), residents in Narayi have become politically enlightened
and also the programme helps promote economic growth of the community. In addition, the
study concludes that development partners use Democracy in Practice” (Liberty FM) to create

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awareness on development projects in Narayi and Development partners use Democracy in
Practice” (Liberty FM) as a means to mobilise the populace in Narayi towards achieving a
development project.

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