SECTION 2 HYDRAULICS AND MECHANICAL SYSTEM

2.1 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM .........................................................................................1

2.1.1 Block Diagram (Whole Blood Mode) ..............................................................................................1
2.1.2 Block Diagram (Pre-diluted Mode) .................................................................................................1
2.2 ANALYSIS FLOW................................................................................................................................2
2.2.1 WBC/HGB Analysis Flow ...............................................................................................................2
2.2.2 RBC/PLT Analysis Flow .................................................................................................................2
2.3 SAMPLE FLOW IN SRV......................................................................................................................3
2.3.1 Sample Path...................................................................................................................................3
2.3.2 Sample Path (Whole Blood Mode) .................................................................................................4
2.3.3 Sample Path (Pre-diluted Mode) ....................................................................................................4
2.4 SOLENOID VALVE LOCATION...........................................................................................................5
2.4.1 Valve Unit Tubing Connections ......................................................................................................6
2.5 DIAPHRAGM PUMP LOCATION ........................................................................................................8
2.6 PNEUMATIC SYSTEM........................................................................................................................9
2.6.1 Sample Aspiration System .............................................................................................................9
2.6.2 Vacuum System .............................................................................................................................9
2.6.3 Pressure System ..........................................................................................................................10
2.7 WASTE CHAMBER TUBING ............................................................................................................10
2.8 RINSE CUP .......................................................................................................................................11
2.9 RBC DETECTOR UNIT .....................................................................................................................12
2.10 WBC DETECTOR UNIT ..................................................................................................................12
2.11 SRV UNIT ........................................................................................................................................13
2.12 HYDRAULIC FLOW DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................14
2.12.1 Whole Blood Mode .....................................................................................................................14
Sequence 1 (0.5 - 3.0 sec.) ..............................................................................................................16
Sequence 1 (0.5 - 3.0 sec.) ..............................................................................................................16
Sequence 1 (3.0 - 5.0 sec.) ..............................................................................................................18
Sequence 2 (5.0 - 6.2 sec.) ..............................................................................................................20
Sequence 3 (6.2 - 9.5 sec.) ..............................................................................................................22
Sequence 4 (9.5 - 10.3 sec.) ............................................................................................................24
Sequence 4 (10.3 - 12.5 sec.) ..........................................................................................................26
Sequence 4 (12.5 - 14.5 sec.) ..........................................................................................................28
Sequence 5 (14.5 - 15.7 sec.) ..........................................................................................................30
Sequence 6 (15.7 - 21.0 sec.) ..........................................................................................................32
Sequence 6 (21.0 - 21.8 sec.) ..........................................................................................................34
Sequence 7 (21.8 - 25.3 sec.) ..........................................................................................................36
Sequence 7 (25.3 - 37.8 sec.) ..........................................................................................................38
Sequence 8 (37.8 - 39.3 sec.) ..........................................................................................................38
Sequence 9 (39.3 ~ 42.5 sec.) .........................................................................................................40
Sequence 9 (42.5 sec. - 44.0 sec.) ..................................................................................................42
Sequence 9 (44.0 sec. - 46.5 sec.) ..................................................................................................44
Sequence 9 (46.5 sec. - 48.0 sec.) ..................................................................................................46
Sequence 10 (48.0 sec. - 50.5 sec.) ................................................................................................48
Sequence 11 (50.5 sec. - 57.5 sec.).................................................................................................50
Sequence 9 (57.5 sec. - 59.0 sec.) ..................................................................................................52
Sequence 10 (59.0 sec. - 60.0 sec.) ................................................................................................54
2.12.2 Pre-Diluted Mode .......................................................................................................................56
PD Mode Sequence 1 (0.0 - 19.5 sec.) ............................................................................................56
PD Mode Sequence 5 (14.0 - 16.0 sec.) ..........................................................................................58
2.13 PNEUMATIC & HYDRAULIC PARTS..............................................................................................60

KX-21 S/M December 13, 2007

SECTION 2 HYDRAULICS AND MECHANICAL SYSTEM
2.1 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

2.1.1 Block Diagram (Whole Blood Mode)

Figure 2-1: Whole Blood Mode Block Diagram

2.1.2 Block Diagram (Pre-diluted Mode)

Figure 2-2: Pre-diluted Mode Block Diagram

KX-21 S/M 2-1 December 13, 2007

2.2 ANALYSIS FLOW

2.2.1 WBC/HGB Analysis Flow

Figure 2-3: WBC/HGB Analysis Flow

2.2.2 RBC/PLT Analysis Flow

Figure 2-4: RBC/PLT Analysis Flow (Whole Blood Mode)

KX-21 S/M 2-2 December 13, 2007

 Figure 2-5: RBC/PLT Analysis Flow (Prep-diluted Mode)

2.3 SAMPLE FLOW IN SRV

2.3.1 Sample Path

Figure 2-6: Sample Flow in SRV

KX-21 S/M 2-3 December 13, 2007

2.3.2 Sample Path (Whole Blood Mode)

Figure 2-7: Sample Flow in SRV (Whole Blood Mode)

2.3.3 Sample Path (Pre-diluted Mode)

Figure 2-8: Sample Flow in SRV (Pre-diluted Mode)

KX-21 S/M 2-4 December 13, 2007

2.4 SOLENOID VALVE LOCATION

Figure 2-9: Valve Location

KX-21 S/M 2-5 December 13, 2007

2.4.1 Valve Unit Tubing Connections
(1) KX-21 Valve Unit A

MV No. Function MV No. Function

1-1 Waste drain, switch pressure/vacuum 6-1 RBC diluent DP fill/dispense switch
1-2 Waste drain, drive Pinch Valve 6-2 RBC diluent DP drive
2-1 Diluent fill, switch pressure/vacuum 7-1 RBC diluent line switch
2-2 Diluent fill, connect diluent line 7-2 WBC/Hgb diluent line switch
3-1 Diluent chamber pressure cut 8-1 WBC/Hgb diluent DP/lyse DP drive
3-2 Rinse cup drain, drive Pinch Valve 8-2 WBC/Hgb diluent DP switch
4 STR-WH (lyse) dispense control 8-3 WBC/Hgb lyse DP switch
5 Fill Detector Block Master Valve Assy

< Valve Unit A-1 >

Figure 2-10: Valve Unit A-1 Tubing

< Valve Unit A-2 >

Figure 2-11: Valve Unit A-2 Tubing

KX-21 S/M 2-6 December 13, 2007

(3) KX-21 Valve Unit B

MV No. Function MV No. Function

12-1 Fill Rinse Cup 16 SRV rotation
12-2 SRV vacuum cut 17 RBC charging
12-3 SRV outer rinse 18 PD mode sample aspiration DP drive
13 Mixing Chamber drain 19 Supply rinse into sample aspiration line
14-1 RBC Transducer drain 20 WB mode sample aspiration DP drive
14-2 WBC Transducer drain 21-1 Air gap generation
15 Hgb Flow Cell drain 21-2 Detector DP drive for counting

Figure 2-12: Valve Unit B Tubing

KX-21 S/M 2-7 December 13, 2007

2.5 DIAPHRAGM PUMP LOCATION

Figure 2-13: Diaphragm Pump Location

KX-21 S/M 2-8 December 13, 2007

2.6 PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
Pressure is only monitored for 0.5 kg/cm2. (2.2 Kg/cm2 is not monitored.)
Vacuum is only monitored for 250 mmHg. (Vacuum source is not monitored.)

2.6.1 Sample Aspiration System

Aspiration speed is adjusted to Whole Blood mode. Tube Teflon is inserted between Whole Blood
DP and Diluted Blood DP for adjusting aspiration speed.

Figure 2-14: Sample Aspiration System

2.6.2 Vacuum System

KX-21 has no tank for Vacuum system therefore Polyurethane tubing is inserted between bellows
and pressure switch for stabilizing the vacuum.

Figure 2-15: Vacuum System

KX-21 S/M 2-9 December 13, 2007

2.6.3 Pressure System
KX-21 has no tank for pressure system therefore Teflon tubing is inserted between compressor and
0.5 kg/cm2 regulator for stabilizing the pressure.

Figure 2-16: Pressure System

2.7 WASTE CHAMBER TUBING

Figure 2-17: Waste Chamber Tubing

KX-21 S/M 2-10 December 13, 2007

2.8 RINSE CUP

Figure 2-18: Rinsing Pipette Exterior

Rinsing solution is injected while the rinse cup is going down and any blood adhering to the pipette
exterior is aspirated into the waste chamber.

Figure 2-19: Rinsing WB Line

To clean the whole blood line, rinsing solution (containing whole blood) is discharged from the
pipette tip and aspirated into the waste chamber when the rinse cup reaches the lower end point.
When the rinse cup goes up, rinsing solution will not be discharged nor aspirated into the pipette.

KX-21 S/M 2-11 December 13, 2007

2.9 RBC DETECTOR UNIT

Figure 2-20: RBC Detector Unit

2.10 WBC DETECTOR UNIT

Figure 2-21: WBC Detector Unit

KX-21 S/M 2-12 December 13, 2007

2.11 SRV UNIT

Figure 2-22: SRV Unit

KX-21 S/M 2-13 December 13, 2007

2.12 HYDRAULIC FLOW DESCRIPTION
Many solenoid valves inside instrument control every operation on KX-21. The solenoid valve posi-
tions are shown in Hydraulic Diagram.

2.12.1 Whole Blood Mode

The following is the analysis flow in KX-21 Whole Blood Mode described in detail in accordance
with Timing Charts in Section 7.

Sequence 1 (0.0 - 0.5 sec.)

(1) Sample Aspiration

Pressing Start Switch activates SV20, applies vacuum on DP (Diaphragm Pump), and then
aspirates 50 µL of sample blood through Aspiration Pipette. The aspirated sample passes
through SRV (Sample Roter Valve) and waits for the volumetric dispensing afterward. SV20 is
operating between 0.0 sec. and 19.5 sec. of Sequence 1.
(2) Air Bubble Removal in WBC/RBC TD (Transducer)
During Sequence 1 operation, between 0.0 sec. and 0.5 sec., SV5 is activated to apply vac-
uum on Waste Chamber and fill the diluent in WBC/RBC TD. This operation enables the air
bubble remained around the aperture in the previous sequence to be removed.

KX-21 S/M 2-14 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-15 December 13, 2007
Sequence 1 (0.5 - 3.0 sec.)

(1) Draining Mixing Chamber

SV13 is activated at the timing of 0.7 sec. to open MV13, which connects Mixing Chamber
Draining line and Waste Chamber. As 250 mmHg vacuum is applied on Waste Chamber, the
liquid in Mixing Chamber flows into Waste Chamber and is drained finally. This operation con-
tinues between 0.7 sec. and 3.0 sec.
In order to remove the remained liquid in Air Bubble Mixing line (between Non-Return Valve
and T-Joint), SV11 operates 4 times (with 0.2 sec. interval) with high speed. Once SV is acti-
vated, it operates 3 times continuously to avoid Air Bubble Mixing line to be contaminated by
the waste.
(2) Draining WBC/RBC TD Chamber
At the timing of 0.7 sec., SV14 is activated to open MV14-1 and MV14-2, which connects
Draining line of WBC/RBC TD Chamber and Waste Chamber. As 250 mmHg vacuum is
applied on Waste Chamber, the liquid in TD Chamber flows into Waste Chamber and is
drained finally. This operation continues between 0.7 sec. and 3.0 sec.
In order to remove the remained liquid in Air Bubble Mixing line (between Non-Return Valve
and T-Joint), SV11 operates 4 times (with 0.2 sec. interval) with high speed. Once SV is acti-
vated, it operates 3 times continuously to avoid Air Bubble Mixing line to be contaminated by
the waste. SV9 operates twice continuously between 1.2 sec. and 1.6 sec. to avoid Air Bubble
Mixing line to be contaminated by the waste.

KX-21 S/M 2-16 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-17 December 13, 2007
Sequence 1 (3.0 - 5.0 sec.)
(1) Dispensing Diluent into WBC TD Chamber
At the timing of 3.0 sec., SV8 is activated to make WBC/HGB DP dispense 2.0 mL of diluent
into WBC TD Chamber through SRV.

KX-21 S/M 2-18 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-19 December 13, 2007
Sequence 2 (5.0 - 6.2 sec.)
(1) Dispensing Sample (SRV Rotation)
SV16 is activated at the timing of 5.0 sec. to drive the piston controlling the SRV rotation. SRV
rotates in CCW direction (seeing from the left side of the instrument). This rotation enables
4 µL of sample to be dispensed for RBC parameter analysis, and 6 µL for WBC/HGB. The dis-
pensed sample blood remains each Dilution line. SRV keeps this position until the timing of
14.5 sec.
(2) Aspirating Diluent into HGB Analysis Line for Blank Measurement
SV15 operates between 5.5 sec. and 6.1 sec. to open MV15. By applying the vacuum (250
mmHg) on Waste Chamber, the diluent in WBC TD Chamber is aspirated into HGB Flow Cell,
prepared for the blank measurement afterward.

KX-21 S/M 2-20 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-21 December 13, 2007
Sequence 3 (6.2 - 9.5 sec.)
(1) RBC/PLT First Diluting
SV6 is activated at the timing of 6.2 sec. to disconnect the Diluent line from MV6-1 and con-
nect MV6-1 and RBC/PLT First Diluting line. RBC DP makes 2 mL of diluent with 4 µL sample
dispensed on SRV flow into Mixing Chamber. At the same time, SV11 performs the operation
of 0.2 sec. with 0.2 sec. intervals four times continuously to mix the diluted sample with air
bubbles in Mixing Chamber. The dilution ratio of the sample in Mixing Chamber is 1 : 500.
(2) Rinsing SRV and Sample Aspiration Pipette
SV3 operates between 7.0 sec. and 9.3 sec. to switch the air release of MV3-1 to 0.5 kg/m2
pressure, which applies pressure on CELLPACK Chamber. SV12 operates between 8.0 sec.
and 8.6 sec. to open MV12-2 and MV12-3 at the same time. CELLPACK flows through the
peripheral part of SRV to rinse it by the simultaneous application of the pressure on CELL-
PACK Chamber and the vacuum on Waste Chamber.
Opening MV12-1 and Pinch Valve controlled by SV3 enables CELLPACK to pass through
Rinse Cup and be aspirated into Waste Chamber. At the same time, Rinse Cup goes up and
down along Aspiration Pipette by Stepper Motor, which enables Aspiration Pipette to be
rinsed.

KX-21 S/M 2-22 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-23 December 13, 2007
Sequence 4 (9.5 - 10.3 sec.)
(1) Sample Aspiration for RBC Second Diluting
SV17 is activated between 9.5 sec. and 10.3 sec. to open MV17. The first diluted sample in
Mixing Chamber passes through SRV by the vacuum (250 mmHg) in Waste Chamber to pre-
pare for the RBC second diluting.
(2) Reagent Aspiration by DP
At the timing of 9.3 sec., SV6 and SV8 close, and RBC DP and WBC/HGB DP aspirate 2.0 mL
each of CELLPACK, and STROMATOLYSER WH DP aspirates 1.0 mL of Lyse Reagent
respectively to prepare for the next sequence.

KX-21 S/M 2-24 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-24 December 13, 2007 KX-21 S/M 2-25 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-25 December 13, 2007

Sequence 4 (10.3 - 12.5 sec.)

(1) Aspirating CELLPACK into CELLPACK Chamber

SV2 is activated between 10.3 sec. and 11.5 sec. to connect MV2-1 and VACUUM line, which
enables CELLPACK in the reagent cubitainer outside Main Unit to be aspirated into CELL-
PACK Chamber.
(2) Draining RBC/WBC TD Chamber
SV14 is activated between 10.5 sec. and 12.5 sec. to connect MV14-1 and MV14-2 to Waste
Chamber. As the vacuum (250 mmHg) is applied on Waste Chamber, the liquid in RBC/WBC
TD Chamber flows into Waste Chamber to empty the TD Chamber. To remove the remained
liquid in Air Bubble Mixing line (between Non-Return Valve and T-Joint), SV9 and SV10 per-
form the open/close operation twice continuously with an interval of 0.2 sec.
(3) Draining RBC First Diluted Sample in Mixing Chamber
SV13 is activated between 10.7 sec. and 12.5 sec. to connect MV13 and Waste Chamber. As
the vacuum (250 mmHg) is applied on Waste Chamber, the RBC first diluted sample in Mixing
Chamber flows into Waste Chamber to empty Mixing Chamber. To remove the remained liquid
in Air Bubble Mixing line (between Non-Return Valve and T-Joint), SV11 operated 3 times with
high speed. The first operation is performed between 10.5 sec. and 10.7 sec. and the second
and third operations are between 11.7 sec. and 12.3 sec. respectively with an interval of 0.2
sec.

KX-21 S/M 2-26 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-27 December 13, 2007
Sequence 4 (12.5 - 14.5 sec.)

(1) Draining Waste Chamber

SV1 is activated between 12.7 sec. and 14.0 sec. to release Pinch Valve controlling the Waste
Chamber drain. At the same time, MV1-1 and PRESSURE line are connected to apply pres-
sure on Waste Chamber to drain the waste outside instrument via the waste tube.
(2) Aspirating CELLPACK into CELLPACK Chamber
SV2 is activated between 12.5 sec. and 14.0 sec. to connect MV2-1 and VACUUM line, which
enables CELLPACK in the reagent cubitainer outside Main Unit to be aspirated into CELL-
PACK Chamber.
(3) Rinsing Inside Mixing Chamber
SV6 is activated at the timing of 12.5 sec. to make RBC DP dispense 2.0 mL of CELLPACK
into Mixing Chamber and rinse RBC First Diluting line and Mixing Chamber. The other pur-
pose of this operation is to avoid the precipitated crystals, etc. in the remained liquid after the
previous rinsing to affect on the analysis result.
(4) WBC Diluting/Lysing
SV8 is activated at the timing of 12.5 sec. to make WBC/HGB DP dispense 2.0 mL of CELL-
PACK with 6 µL of sample blood cut away by SRV via WBC Dilution line into WBC TD Cham-
ber. At the same time, SV4 is activated to drive STROMATOLYSER-WH DP to dispense 1.0
mL of Lyse reagent into WBC TD Chamber.
After the diluted sample and Lyse reagent are dispensed into WBC TD Chamber, SV9 oper-
ates 10 times with an interval of 0.2 sec. from the timing of 13.5 sec. to mix the sample with air
bubble in TD Chamber. This makes the sample in WBC TD Chamber diluted by 500 times.

KX-21 S/M 2-28 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-29 December 13, 2007
Sequence 5 (14.5 - 15.7 sec.)

(1) SRV Rotation

SV16 is deactivated at the timing of 14.5 sec. to make SRV rotate in the CW direction and
return to the home position.
(2) Aspirating Diluent by RBC DP
SV6 is deactivated at the timing of 14.0 sec. to enable RBC DP to aspirate 2.0 mL of CELL-
PACK.

KX-21 S/M 2-30 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-31 December 13, 2007
Sequence 6 (15.7 - 21.0 sec.)

(1) Rinsing Whole Blood Aspiration Line and Outside Aspiration Pipette
At the timing of 15.7 sec., the rinsing of the outside of Aspiration Pipette and the inside of WB
Aspiration line starts at the same time. SV3 is activated to switch MV3-1 to the pressure of 0.5
kg/cm2 to apply pressure on CELLPACK Chamber. Also, the pinch valve controlled by SV3 is
released to connect WB Aspiration line and Waste Chamber. SV12 is activated to connect
MV12-1 to CELLPACK Chamber. The diluent passes through Rinse Cup, rinses outside Aspi-
ration Pipette and is aspirated finally into Waste Chamber by the vacuum application.
SV19 is activated between 16.0 sec. and 20.6 sec. to connect MV19 to CELLPACK Chamber.
As the pressure is applied on CELLPACK Chamber, the diluent passes through WB Aspiration
line and SRV, and is drained from the end of Aspiration Pipette. The vacuum on Waste Cham-
ber makes the drained diluent passes through Rinse Cup and flow into Waste Chamber.
(2) Rinsing SRV
SV12 is activated between 15.7 sec. and 20.5 sec. to open MV12-2 and MV12-3 at the same
time. CELLPACK flows through the peripheral part of SRV to rinse it by the simultaneous
application of the pressure in CELLPACK Chamber and the vacuum in Waste Chamber (250
mmHg).
(3) RBC Second Diluting
SV6 is activated at the timing of 15.7 sec. to make RBC DP dispense 2.0 mL of CELLPACK
and dispense with 40 µL of 1 : 500 RBC diluted sample into RBC TD through RBC Second
Dilution line. This makes the sample in RBC TD Chamber diluted by 25000 times. SV10 per-
forms the open/close operation eight times with an interval of 0.2 sec. between 17.0 sec. and
19.6 sec. to mix the sample with air bubble in RBC TD Chamber.
(4) HGB Blank Convert
Blank Convert is performed between 10.0 sec. and 10.5 sec. for the diluent in HGB Flow Cell.
The operation is performed 5 times with an interval of 0.1 sec. (On blank measurement, the
diluent in the HGB Flow Cell does not flow.)

KX-21 S/M 2-32 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-33 December 13, 2007
Sequence 6 (21.0 - 21.8 sec.)

(1) Reagent Aspiration by DP

At the timing of 21.0 sec., SV6 and SV8 are deactivated. RBC and WBC/HGB DPs aspirate
2.0 mL each of diluent, and STROMATOLYSER-WH DP aspirates 1.0 mL of Lyse reagent
respectively to prepare for the next sequence.

KX-21 S/M 2-34 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-35 December 13, 2007
Sequence 7 (21.8 - 25.3 sec.)

(1) Removing Air in WBC/RBC TD

SV5 is activated between 21.8 sec. and 22.8 sec. to aspirate diluent by the vacuum (250
mmHg) in Waste Chamber and fill it in WBC/RBC TD. This operation is performed to remove
the air remained around the aperture in the previous sequence.
(2) Rinsing RBC Second Dilution Line
SV17 is activated between 21.8 sec. and 22.5 sec. to connect MV17 and Waste Chamber. By
applying vacuum (250 mmHg) on Waste Chamber, the diluent in Mixing Chamber passes
through RBC Second Dilution line and flows finally into Waste Chamber, which enables RBC
Second Dilution line to be rinsed.
(3) Sample Aspiration into HGB Flow Cell
SV15 is activated between 23.5 sec. and 24.5 sec. to connect MV15 and Waste Chamber. By
applying the vacuum (250 mmHg), the sample in WBC TD Chamber flows into HGB Flow Cell.

KX-21 S/M 2-36 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-37 December 13, 2007
Sequence 7 (25.3 - 37.8 sec.)

(1) RBC Counting

SV21 is activated between 25.3 sec. and the end of Sequence 8 to apply vacuum of 250
mmHg on RBC Counting DP to aspirate the sample in RBC TD Chamber and start counting.
By the aspiration of RBC Counting DP, total 250 µL of sample passing through the aperture of
the TD is counted.
(2) WBC Counting
SV21 is activated between 25.3 sec. and the end of Sequence 8 to apply vacuum of 250
mmHg on WBC Counting DP to aspirate the sample in WBC TD Chamber and start counting.
By the aspiration of WBC Counting DP, total 500 µL of sample passing through the aperture of
the TD is counted.

Sequence 8 (37.8 - 39.3 sec.)

(1) HGB A/D Convert

Detector Block detects the emitted light beams in HGB Flow Cell and performs the A/D Con-
vert between 38.3 sec. and 39.3 sec. This operation is performed five times with an interval of
0.2 sec.

KX-21 S/M 2-38 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-39 December 13, 2007
Sequence 9 (39.3 ~ 42.5 sec.)

(1) Clog Removal

At the end of Sequence 8, SV21 closes to apply 0.5 kg/m2 pressure on RBC/WBC Counting
DP to perform the draining operation and avoid clogs occurred during counting.
(2) Dispensing Diluent into WBC/RBC TD
SV5 is activated between 39.3 sec. and 40.0 sec. to apply vacuum of 250 mmHg on Waste
Chamber to flow the liquid in TD into Waste Chamber and fill WBC/RBC TD with clean diluent.
(3) Draining WBC/RBC TD Chamber
SV14 is activated between 40.2 sec. and 42.5 sec. to connect MV14-1 and MV14-2 with
Waste Chamber. By applying vacuum (250 mmHg) on Waste Chamber, the liquid in WBC/
RBC TD Chamber is drained into Waste Chamber.
In order to remove the remained liquid in Air Bubble Mixing line (between Non-Return Valve
and T-Joint), SV9 and SV10 perform the open/close operation four times with an interval of
0.2 sec. with high speed to avoid Air Bubble Mixing line to be contaminated by the waste.

KX-21 S/M 2-40 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-41 December 13, 2007
Sequence 9 (42.5 sec. - 44.0 sec.)
(1) Rinsing Second Dilution Line and RBC TD Chamber
At the timing of 42.5 sec., SV6 is activated to enable RBC DP to dispense 2.0 mL of diluent.
The diluent passes through RBC Second Dilution line and flows into RBC TD Chamber. By
this operation, the Dilution line and TD Chamber are rinsed.
(2) Rinsing WBC Dilution Line and WBC TD Chamber
At the timing of 42.5 sec., SV8 is activated to enable WBC DP to dispense 2.0 mL of diluent.
The diluent passes through WBC Dilution line and flows into WBC TD Chamber. By this oper-
ation, the Dilution line and TD Chamber are rinsed.

KX-21 S/M 2-42 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-43 December 13, 2007
Sequence 9 (44.0 sec. - 46.5 sec.)

(1) Reagent Aspiration

At the timing of 44.0 sec., SV6 and SV8 are deactivated. RBC and WBC/HGB DPs aspirate
2.0 mL each of diluent to prepare for the next sequence.
(2) SRV Rotation
At the timing of 44.0 sec., SV16 is activated to drive the piston controlling the SRV rotation.
SRV rotates in the CCW direction (seeing from the left side of the instrument) to prepare for
the line rinsing. SRV keeps this position until the timing of 52.0 sec.
(3) Draining HGB Flow Cell
SV15 is activated between 45.8 sec. and 46.5 sec. to connect MV15 and Waste Chamber. By
applying vacuum (250 mmHg) on Waste Chamber, the diluent in WBC TD Chamber is aspi-
rated into HGB Flow Cell and rinses it.

KX-21 S/M 2-44 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-45 December 13, 2007
Sequence 9 (46.5 sec. - 48.0 sec.)

(1) Rinsing WBC Dilution Line and WBC TD Chamber

At the timing of 46.5 sec., SV8 is activated to make WBC DP dispense 2.0 mL of diluent via
WBC Dilution line and flow it into WBC TD Chamber, which rinses the Dilution line and TD
Chamber.
(2) Rinsing RBC Mixing Chamber
At the timing of 46.5 sec., SV6 is activated to make RBC DP dispense 2.0 mL of diluent via
RBC First Dilution line and flow it into Mixing Chamber, which rinses the RBC First Dilution line
and Mixing Chamber.

KX-21 S/M 2-46 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-47 December 13, 2007
Sequence 10 (48.0 sec. - 50.5 sec.)

(1) Reagent Aspiration

At the timing of 48.0 sec., SV6 and SV8 are deactivated. RBC and WBC/HGB DPs aspirate
2.0 mL each of diluent to prepare for the next sequence.
(2) Draining WBC/RBC TD Chamber
SV14 is activated between 48.3 sec. and 50.5 sec. to connect MV14-1 and MV14-2 with
Waste Chamber. By applying vacuum (250 mmHg) on Waste Chamber, the liquid in WBC/
RBC TD Chamber is drained into Waste Chamber.

KX-21 S/M 2-48 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-49 December 13, 2007
Sequence 11 (50.5 sec. - 57.5 sec.)

(1) Aspirating Diluent into CELLPACK Chamber

At the timing of 50.5 sec., SV2 is activated to connect MV2-1 and VACUUM line, which
enables the diluent in the reagent cubitainer outside Main Unit into CELLPACK Chamber. This
operation continues until Float Switch turns OFF.
(2) Rinsing Dilution Line in RBC/WBC Pre Diluted Mode
At the timing of 50.5 sec., SV6, SV7 and SV8 are activated to make MV7-1 and MV7-2 switch
to the PD Mode. RBC and WBC/HGB DPs dispense the diluent into each of RBC/WBC TD
Chambers via each of RBC/WBC PD Mode Dilution lines respectively. This operation enables
RBC/WBC PD Mode Dilution line to be rinsed.
(3) Draining Waste Chamber
SV1 is activated between 53.5 sec. and 56.5 sec. to release Pinch Valve controlling the drain-
ing of Waste Chamber. At the same time, MV1-1 and PRESSURE line are connected to apply
pressure on Waste Chamber to drain the waste outside Main Unit via the draining line.

KX-21 S/M 2-50 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-51 December 13, 2007
Sequence 9 (57.5 sec. - 59.0 sec.)

(1) Removing Air Bubble in Waste Chamber

SV3 is activated between 57.6 sec. and 58.4 sec. to apply pressure on CELLPACK Chamber
to prevent the air bubble generated at the upper part of the chamber when aspirating diluent
from flowing back into the vacuum line.
(2) Aspirating Reagent
At the timing of 57.5 sec., SV6 and SV8 close, and then RBC and WBC/HGB DPs aspirate 2.0
mL each of reagent to prepare for the next sequence respectively.
(3) SRV Rotation
At the timing of 52.0 sec., SV16 is deactivated and SRV rotates in the CW direction to return
to the home position.
(4) Rinsing RBC/WBC Count Line
At the timing of 57.7 sec., SV21 is activated, and RBC/WBC Counting DPs aspirate the diluent
in the TDs and rinse RBC/WBC count lines. At the timing of 58.5 sec., SV21 closes to drain
the diluent after rinsing by the DP.

KX-21 S/M 2-52 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-53 December 13, 2007
Sequence 10 (59.0 sec. - 60.0 sec.)

(1) Removing Air in WBC, RBC TDs

SV5 is activated between 59.2 sec. and 60.0 sec. to apply vacuum on Waste Chamber to
aspirate the diluent and fill WBC/RBC TDs with it, which enables the air remained around the
apertures in the previous sequence to be removed.
(2) Draining HGB Flow Cell
SV15 is activated between 59.2 sec. and 60.0 sec. to connect MV15 and Waste Chamber. By
applying the vacuum (250 mmHg) on Waste Chamber, the diluent in WBC TD Chamber is dis-
pensed into HGB Flow Cell to clean the Cell. At the same time, the clean diluent remains in
Flow Cell to avoid the precipitation of the crystals.
(3) Initializing Rinse Cup Position (Returning to the Home Position)
From the timing of 57.7 sec., the stepper motor is driven to return Rinse Cup to the home posi-
tion.

KX-21 S/M 2-54 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-55 December 13, 2007
2.12.2 Pre-Diluted Mode
The following is only the different part of the analysis flow in KX-21 Pre-Diluted Mode from Whole
Blood Mode in accordance with Timing Charts in Section 7.

PD Mode Sequence 1 (0.0 - 19.5 sec.)

(1) Sample Aspiration

Pressing Start Switch activates SV18, applies vacuum on DP (Diaphragm Pump) for aspirat-
ing the diluted sample, and then aspirates 200 µL of diluted sample blood through Aspiration
Pipette. The aspirated diluted sample passes through SRV (Sample Roter Valve) and waits for
the next sequence. SV18 is operating from 0.0 sec. to 19.5 sec. of Sequence 1.

KX-21 S/M 2-56 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-57 December 13, 2007
PD Mode Sequence 5 (14.0 - 16.0 sec.)

(1) Diluting RBC Sample

At the timing of 14.0 sec., SV6 and SV7 are activated, which enables RBC DP to dispense
2.0. mL of diluent and 2.08 µL of 1 : 26 RBC Sample cut away by SRV into the RBC TD
Chamber through the RBC PD Mode Dilution line. This enables the sample to be diluted by
25,000 times in RBC TD Chamber.
(2) Diluting WBC Sample
At the timing of 14.0 sec., SV7 and SV8 are activated, which enables WBC DP to dispense
2.0. mL of diluent and 78 µL of WBC Sample cut away by SRV into the WBC TD Chamber. At
the same time, STOROMATOLYSER-WH DP dispenses 1.0 mL of Lyse reagent into WBC TD
Chamber, which enables the sample to be diluted by 10,000 times in WBC TD Chamber.

KX-21 S/M 2-58 December 13, 2007

KX-21 S/M 2-59 December 13, 2007
2.13 PNEUMATIC & HYDRAULIC PARTS
Pneumatic Controls are used to regulate the air-flow, and to change the direction of flow.

Name & Symbol Figures Used for

Regulator Regulator is used to regulate
airflow rate, which is adjusted by
turning the Adjustment Knob. Only
on regulator, which is shown in left
figure, is used in the KX-21. This
regulator is used to regulate 2.0 kg/
cm2 air pressure into 0.5 kg/cm2
pressure with an air filter and auto
draining mechanism.
Non-Return Valve The Non-return Valve permits
hydraulic flow in only one direction
from A to B.
No hydraulic flow will occur from B
to A.

Orifice An orifice controls the rate of

airflow or the volume of air with
respect to time. These orifices are
identical to those used in the
pneumatic and hydraulic system.
There are several kinds of orifice
each of which permits a different
flow rate.

Table 2-1 Pneumatic and Hydraulic Parts (1)

KX-21 S/M 2-60 December 13, 2007

 Name & Symbol Figures Used for
Bellows The bellows unit in the KX-21 is
used to regulate the vacuum (480
mmHg or more) into 250 mmHg.
This unit consists of bellows and
small air tank. If the inner vacuum
exceeds the mechanical pressure
of bellows, vacuum is released
from its top port. If the mechanical
pressure exceeds the inner
vacuum of bellows, vacuum
increases after the top port is
closed by the needle valve. (See
below figures.)

Two types of Solenoid valves (3-

port and 5-port type) are used in
the hydraulic system.
Solenoid Valves are driven by
applying 12 VDC which are
controlled by computer program,
and are used to control the
pneumatic pressure to drive Master
valves, Air cylinder, or Air Bubble
Mixing.

Solenoid valve symbol has two

boxes in its drawing. Arrows in
these boxes indicate the status of
connection. Status (1) or (2) shown
in "Name & Symbol" column will be
switched by the activation of
solenoid valve by the activation or
deactivation of solenoid valve
respectively.

Table 2-1 Pneumatic and Hydraulic Parts (2)

KX-21 S/M 2-61 December 13, 2007

 Name & Symbol Figures Used for
Master valves in KX-21 are used to
switch Hydraulic lines (liquid, 0.5
kg/cm2 pressure, and 480 mmHg/
250 mmHg vacuum). Two types of
Master Valve (2-port and 3-port
type) are used in the hydraulic
system. Master Valves are driven
by 2 kg/cm2 air pressure controlled
by Solenoid valves.

Master valve symbols has also two

boxes in its drawing. Arrows and
lines in these boxes indicates
hydraulic ways. Status (1) or (2)
shown in "Name & Symbol" column
will be switched by the activation or
deactivation of master valve,
respectively.

Sample Rotor Valve Sample Rotor Valve Mechanism is

& driven by the air cylinder.
Air Cylinder The air cylinder is provided with
two (A and B) ports, (A) for
pneumatic activation to rotate the
SRV counter clockwise and the
other (B) for pneumatic
deactivation to reset the SRV.
The 2 kg/cm2 pressure for these
action are supplied by a 3-port type
solenoid valve.

Table 2-1 Pneumatic and Hydraulic Parts (3)

KX-21 S/M 2-62 December 13, 2007

 Name & Symbol Figures Used for
Diaphragm Pump Seven Diaphragm Pumps are used
in the hydraulic system. Diaphragm
Pumps are driven by 0.5 kg/cm2 air
pressure and 480 mmHg vacuum
controlled by Master valves, and
dispenses or aspirates constant
volume of liquid. Diaphragm
Pumps are drawn by left symbols
in sequence flow charts.

Diaphragm Pump has two nipples

on it. One is to connect to
pneumatic system (0.5 kg/cm2
pressure or 480 mmHg vacuum),
and the other is to hydraulic
system. Either of pressure or
vacuum is always supplied to the
pneumatic side nipple. If the
vacuum is supplied to pneumatic
side nipple, the fixed volume of
liquid is aspirated into the
diaphragm pump. If the pressure
supplied, the fixed volume of liquid
is dispensed from the diaphragm
pump.
Manometer Ball float manometers are located
in detector blocks, and are used to
detect constant volume of diluted
sample, which are aspirated
through the transducer aperture.

Isolation Chamber These Isolation Chambers are

used to isolate the liquid in detector
block from the remaining hydraulic
line in the system in order not to be
influenced by the external noise
through the hydraulic line.

Table 2-1 Pneumatic and Hydraulic Parts (4)

KX-21 S/M 2-63 December 13, 2007

 Name & Symbol Figures Used for
Transducer Chamber Diluted samples of WBC or RBC
are dispensed into each transducer
chamber, mixed by air bubbles,
and constant volume of the sample
is aspirated through the aperture.

Pressure Gauge Four pressure gauges are used in

the system to check the following
pressures or vacuums.

Pneumatic unit
1: 2.0 kg/cm2
2: 480 mmHg vacuum
Main unit
3: 0.5 kg/cm2
4: 250 mmHg vacuum
2.0 kg/cm2 pressure source 2 kg/cm2 pressure is used to drive
the master valves and SRV air
cylinder. To make simple the
hydraulic flow chart, the symbol in
the "Name & Symbol" column is
used.
Glass Chamber Glass chambers with float switch
are used as Waste Chamber,
Diluent Chamber, and lyse reagent
chamber. 480mmHg or 250 mmHg
vacuum is applied into these
chambers to aspirate or prime
liquid. When exhausting the waste
liquid in Waste Chamber, 0.5 kg/
cm2 is applied instead of vacuum.
Float switch is provided with these
chambers to prevent overflow of
these chambers.
Relief Valve The Relief Valve releases air
pressure if the supplied air
pressure exceed the preset value.
This valve is adjusted by turning
the knurled knob.

Table 2-1 Pneumatic and Hydraulic Parts (5)

KX-21 S/M 2-64 December 13, 2007