ADVANCED

TEST
PAPER 1 Reading and
• Use of English You must answer this question. Write your answer in 220-260 words in an
PAPER 2 Writing appropriate style on the separate answer sheet.

PAPER 3 Listening I Part 2

Your class has attended a lecture on what governments could do to minimise the
PAPER 4 Speaking use of fossil fuels. You have made the notes below.

Methods of minimising the use of fossil fuels

• recycling
• increaing taxes on petrol
Essential f ips
• increasing use of nuclear energy
> When you write an essay,
think about the appropriate Some opinions expressed in the
register and tone for the
question you are answering. discussion:
Who is going to read your
essay? 'Is the technology for recycling
adequately developed?'
> In your essay, you must
describe the general idea 'Increased taxation will not be a
What information should sufficient deterrent.'
you give? Is it necessary to
mention who 'you' are in this 'Nuclear energy is too risky.'
essay?

> What is the reason for writing Write an essay for your tutor discussing two of the methods in your notes. You
the essay? What effect do should explain which method you think is more important for governments to
you want it to have on the consider, and provide reasons to support your opinion.
reader? What do you hope to
achieve by writing it? Do you You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the discussion, but
want to convince the reader you should use your own words as far as possible.
about anything? Think about
the language you will need to
achieve this goal.

I The notes and opinions

provide you with information,
and you can develop your
own arguments around them.

Cambridge English: Advanced Test 1 > > PAPER 2 writing > * Part i 25
ADVANCED

TEST
PAPER 1 Reading and i
Use of English For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best
PAPER 2 Writing Parts fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
~ Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
PAPER I Listening

PAPER 4 Speaking ; ,,r » Example:

Part 7 0 A event B aspect C field D division
Part 8

0 A JL £ &

Essential tips
> Read through the whole text
Nature's clocks
to get a general idea of what
it is about. Our biological clocks govern almost every (0) of our lives. Our sensitivity

> The correct option must to stimuli (1) over the course of the day, and our ability to perform certain
have the correct meaning. It functions is subject to fluctuations. The middle of the day, for example, is the
can also be part of a phrase,
collocation, idiom, phrasal (2) time for tasks such as making decisions. Anything that demands physical
verb or expression.
co-ordination, on the other hand, is best attempted in the early evening. What is
^ The correct option must fit in
(3) , there is a dramatic drop in performance if these activities are (4) out
the sentence structurally. All
the four options will be the at other times. The risk of accident in a factory, for example, is 20% higher during
right part of speech (noun,
adjective, verb, adverb, the night (5)
etc.), but only one will be
correct in the context of the
sentence. For instance, the Primitive humans lived in tune with the daily cycle of light and dark. Today, we are
correct option may be the
only word that is followed (6) convinced that we can impose schedules on our lives at will. Sooner or
by a preposition that comes later, however, we pay a (7) for ignoring our natural rhythms. A good example
after the gap. So, check the
words on either side of the is jet lag, caused when we confuse our body's biological clocks by (8) several
gap carefully to see what
collocates with them. time zones. Jet lag often lasts for several days and can badly affect our decision-

Question 2: One of the options making ability.

does not collocate with time.
Of the other three options, only
one has the correct meaning of 1 A modifies B ranges C varies D wavers
'best'. 2 A peak B summit C maximum D optimum
Question 3: Only one of the
options forms a fixed expression 3 A more B else C different D besides
with what is and has the
meaning of 'in addition' or
4 A made B gone C carried D set
'moreover'. 5 A labour B work C duty D shift
Question 4: All four options
can form phrasal verbs with
6 A powerfully B firmly C steadily D highly
out, but only one collocates 7 A price B fine C fee D cost
with activities to mean 'perform
activities'. 8 A landing B penetrating C crossing D travelling
Question 6: Only one option
collocates with convinced.

12 Cambridge English; Advanced Test 1 > > PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > > Fast i
ADVANCED
TEST
PAPER 1 Reading and i Parti
Use of English Part 2 For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each
PAPER 2 Writing Part 3 gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Part 4 Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
PAPER 3 Listening
Parts
PAPER 4 Speaking :3a:t S
Part 7
Part 8

Antarctica in danger
The last 20 years have seen a dramatic increase (0) the numbers of visitors
to Antarctica. These (9) only include scientists who are researching (10)
crucial issues as climate change and its impact on the polar regions, but also more
and more tourists. Some tourists simply want to see the last unspoiled continent.
Some, on the (11) hand, seek more active pursuits like adventure sports.
However, environmentalists are concerned that the growing tourist industry may
(12) endangering the Antarctic environment and sowing the seeds of its
destruction.

(13) of the problems facing the area is pollution resulting from tourism.
Careless visitors throw rubbish into the sea, without realising (14) harmful
this can be to wildlife. Just (15) damaging, perhaps more so, is oil spilt from
ships insufficiently reinforced to withstand collisions (16) icebergs. Oil from
even a small spill can remain an environmental hazard for many years, and there are
increasing numbers of icebergs breaking off the continental ice sheet due to global
warming.

Essential fI
^ Read through the whole text to get a general idea of what it is about.

^ Decide what word(s) in the sentence are grammatically related to the gapped word.
This will help you decide what part of speech is needed (auxiliary verb, pronoun, article,
preposition, etc.).

> Read the whole sentence to see if the word you need is part of a longer phrase, such as
either... or... .

> It may be that two (or even three) words could fit in the gap, so do not assume the word
you are thinking of is wrong if you can also think of one or two alternatives.

Question 9: Read the whole sentence carefully. Notice but also in the last part of the
sentence. Think of the structure ... only ... but also.
Question 10: Look carefully at the words either side of the gap. Climate change is an
example of a crucial issue. Can you think of a word to go with as to indicate an example?
Question 11: The gapped word is part of a phrase: on the ... hand. Read the previous
sentence before deciding on the word for the gap.
Question 12: Which verb usually comes before a continuous (-ing) verb form? Which verb
form comes after may and other modal verbs?

Cambridge English: Advances Test 1 > > PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > 2 13
PAPER 1 Reading and '
Use of English For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end
PAPER 2 Writing of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an
Part 4 example at the beginning (0).
PAPER 3 Listening Part 5 Write your answers IIM CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
PAPER 4 Speaking Part 6
Part? Example:
PartS

Elephant training
Essential lifts If you are travelling in Thailand, you can now take part in
> Read through the whole text an (0) of an unusual kind. For a sum of money which ACTIVE
to get a general idea of what it
is about. is (17) modest, you can spend a few days at CREDIBLE

^ Decide what type of word is an elephant-conservation centre training to be a

needed in each gap (e.g. verb, mahout (elephant driver).
noun, adjective or adverb).

> Look at the word in capital

letters. You may need to Primarily set up in an endeavour to preserve the (18) MAJESTY
change its form to fit the gap. Thai elephant, the centre welcomes tourism as a means
> Think about what prefixes and of funding itself. Nevertheless, its programme remains
suffixes you could add.
strictly in (19) with the traditions of Kachasart, the ancient KEEP
> Some words will need more
than one change. method of studying elephants, and the mahouts build up very

> Check the spelling carefully close relationships with their elephants. Training is believed
and consider whether the word to be (20) to the elephants, providing them with physical BENEFIT
should be singular or plural.
and mental (21) Their well-being is considered of STIMULATE
Question 17: Think carefully utmost importance.
about the type of word you need
here. You will need to add both a
prefix and a suffix.
The elephants are captive, of course, and the centre
Question 19: The gapped word
forms part of the expression in has been (22) for not allowing them to go free. CRITIC
... with, which means 'matching
The reality, however, is that (23) deforestation has EXTEND
something'.
Question 22: You need to make left wild elephants struggling to survive in habitats that
a verb from a noun here. Make
sure you use the correct verb are shrinking almost on a (24) basis, and the centre DAY
form. There are two ways of offers them a sanctuary - for the time being at least.
spelling this word, and both can
be correct.

14 Cambridge English: Advanced Test 1 > > PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > > part 3
WVANCiD
TEST
PAPER 1 Reading and
Use of English For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning
PAPER 2 Writing to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must
use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).
PAPER 3 Listening
Example:
PAPER 4 Speaking
0 Jane regretted speaking so rudely to the old lady.

MORE

Jane .. politely to the old lady.

Essential fjps Example: fo][WISHED SHE HAD SPOKEN MORE

> For each question, read both
sentences carefully. The Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
second sentence must convey
the same information as the
first sentence, but in different 25 Pop in for a chat whenever you are in town.
words.
HAPPEN
> The key word in capital
letters must be used without If in town, pop in for a chat.
changing its form in any way.

> You may need to change the 26 Paula had just reached the gate when it began to rain.
order in which you give the
information, and the form of THAN
some words from the first
No sooner it began to rain.
sentence.

> Some questions may 27 'Mark wrote that poem, not Ian,' said Helen.
require you to change from
a negative sentence to a IT
positive one, or from a
passive structure to an active According to Helen, that poem, not Ian.
one (or the other way round -
be prepared for this!}.
28 Even if it is expensive, they want to stay in the hotel by the beach.
> You must use between three
and six words in your answer.
MAY
If you write too few words Expensive , they want to stay in the hotel by
or too many, you will lose
marks.
the beach.

Question 26: Think about 29 Unless you tell the truth, the school trip will be cancelled.
the word order here. Certain
negative structures at the start MEAN
of a sentence are followed by
inversion (e.g. Never before had
Your failure the cancellation of the school
Caroline seen such a beautiful trip.
garden),
Question 27: How can you use it 30 Noriko has never been here before, so it is possible that she has got lost.
to emphasise that Mark, not Ian,
wrote the poem? HAVE
Question 30: How can you
Noriko it is the first time she has ever been
express the idea of possibility?
You need a structure with a here.
modal verb (more than one
modal verb is possible). You
will also need a suitable linking
word.

Cambridge English: Advanced Test 1 > > PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > » Part 15
ADVANCED
TEST
PAPER 1 Reading and
Use of English You are going to read a magazine article. For questions 31-36, choose the answer
PAPER 2 Writing (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
PAPER 5 Listening

PAPER 4 Speaking

The beauties of the stone age

Jane Howard reviews some ancient works of art.

I have just come home after viewing some astonishing works of art that were recently discovered in Church
Hole cave in Nottinghamshire. They are not drawings, as one would expect, but etchings - shapes cut into the
rock- and they depict a huge range of wild animals. The artists who created them lived around 13,000 years ago,
and the images are remarkable on a variety of counts. First of all, their sheer number is staggering: there are 90
in all. Moreover, 58 of them are on the ceiling. This is extremely rare in cave art, according to a leading expert,
Dr Wilbur Samson of Central Midlands University. 'Wall pictures are the norm,' he says. 'But more importantly,
the Church Hole etchings are an incredible artistic achievement. They can hold their own in comparison with the
best found in continental Europe.' I am not a student of the subject, so I have to take his word for it. However,
you do not have to be an expert to appreciate their beauty.

In fact, it is the wider significance of the etchings that is likely to attract most attention in academic circles,
since they radically alter our view of life in Britain during this epoch. It had previously been thought that ice-age
hunters in this country were isolated from people in more central areas of Europe, but the Church Hole images
prove that ancient Britons were part of a way of living, thinking and seeing the world that had spread right across
the continent. And they were at least as sophisticated as their counterparts on the mainland.

News of such exciting discoveries spreads rapidly, and thanks to the internet and mobile phones, a great many
people probably knew about this discovery within hours of the initial expedition returning. As a result, some
etchings may already have been adversely affected, albeit inadvertently, by eager visitors. In a regrettably late
response, the site has been cordoned off with a high, rather intimidating fence, and warning notices have been
posted.

An initial survey of the site last year failed to reveal the presence of the etchings. The reason lies in the
expectations of the researchers. They had been looking for the usual type of cave drawing or painting, which
shows up best under direct light. Consequently, they used powerful torches, shining them straight onto the rock
face. However, the Church Hole images are modifications of the rock itself, and show up best when seen from
a certain angle in the natural light of early morning. Having been fortunate to see them at this hour, I can only
say that I was deeply - and unexpectedly - moved. While most cave art often seems to have been created in
a shadowy past very remote from us, these somehow convey the impression that they were made yesterday.

Dr Samson feels that the lighting factor provides important information about the likely function of these works
of art. 'I think the artists knew very well that the etchings would hardly be visible except early in the morning.
We can therefore deduce that the chamber was used for rituals involving animal worship, and that they were
conducted just after dawn, as a preliminary to the day's hunting.'

However, such ideas are controversial in the world of archaeology and human origins. Dr Olivia Caruthers of the
Reardon Institute remains unconvinced that the function of the etchings at Church Hole can be determined with
any certainty. 'When we know so little about the social life of early humans, it would be foolish to insist on any
rigid interpretation. We should, in my view, begin by tentatively assuming that their creators were motivated
in part by aesthetic considerations - while of course being prepared to modify this verdict at a later date, if and
when new evidence emerges.'

To which I can only add that I felt deeply privileged to have been able to view Church Hole. It is a site of
tremendous importance culturally and is part of the heritage, not only of this country, but the world as a whole.

16 Cambridge English: Advanced Test 1 t > PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >; 5
 31 According to the text, the images in Church Hole cave are
Essential tips A unique examples of ceiling art.
> This part of the exam tests B particularly beautiful cave paintings.
your detailed understanding C superior in quality to other cave art in Britain.
of a text, including the views D aesthetically exceptional in their own right.
and attitudes expressed.
> Read through the text quickly 32 What is the cultural significance of these images?
to get a general idea of what A They indicate that people from central Europe had settled in Britain.
it is about. Do not worry if
there are words or phrases B They prove that ancient Britons hunted over large areas.
you don't understand. C They reveal the existence of a single ice-age culture in Europe.
D They suggest that people in Europe were more advanced than Britons.
> The questions follow the
order of the text. Read each
question or question stem 33 According to the text,
carefully and underline the A the discovery of the images should not have been made public.
key words. B the images in the cave are vulnerable to damage.
> Look in the text for the C many people visited the cave within hours of its discovery.
answer to the question. One D the measures taken to protect the images have proved ineffective.
of the options will express the
same idea, but don't expect 34 Why were the images not discovered during the initial survey?
that it will do so in the words
of the text. A They were not viewed from the right direction.
B People were not expecting to find any images.
Question 31: An option can only C The search took place at the wrong time of day.
be correct if all the information D The torches used were too bright.
contained in it is accurate. Look
at option A: are the images in
Church Hole 'unique examples 35 What conclusion does Dr Samson draw from the lighting factor?
of ceiling art'? The text says they A Rituals were common in animal worship.
are 'extremely rare in cave art'. B The artists never intended to make the images visible.
Is this the same? Look at option C The images were intended to be seen at a certain time of day.
B: are the images in Church Hole
'particularly beautiful'? And are D Ice-age hunters kept animals in the cave.
they 'paintings'?
Question 33: Look at option 36 According to Dr Caruthers,
A. What does the writer say A we cannot make inferences from cave art.
about the discovery of the B the images in Church Hole do not serve any particular purpose.
images being made public?
Look at option B. If something C experts know absolutely nothing about life 13,000 years ago.
is Vulnerable to damage', what D the reasons such images were created are open to question.
might happen to it? Look at
option C. The text says 'many
people probably knew about
the discovery within hours of
the initial expedition returning'.
Is this the same as saying
'many people visited the cave
within hours'? Look at option
D. Were the measures definitely
ineffective?
Question 35: Sometimes you will
find words from the options in
the text. Be careful: the meaning
in the text is not necessarily
the same as that in the answer
options. Here, option D says
the hunters 'kept animals in the
cave', but the text says the cave
was used for 'rituals involving
animal worship', which is not the
same thing.

Cambridge English: Advanced Test 1 >: PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > > Part 5 17
ADVANCED
TEST
PAPER 1 Reading and
Use of English You are going to read four contributions to a debate about the value of sending
PAPER 2 Writing people into space. For guestions 37-40, choose from the contributions A-D. The
contributions may be chosen more than once.
PAPER 3 Listening
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
PAPER 4 Speaking

Manned space missions

Is it a good idea to send people into space? Four scientists give their views.

What are we looking for out in space? That's the question that needs asking. The only thing we bring back is
knowledge, and robots outperform astronauts in that respect. They are cheaper to put into space, they can stay
there longer and they can collect and retain far more information. The early manned space flights generated
genuine interest around the world, but who really cares nowadays, apart from a minority in whose interest it
is that vast sums should continue to be invested? Who really believes it will ever be feasible to ship back large
quantities of valuable materials from the moon, Mars or another planet, let alone migrate to these places in
the event of a catastrophe? What is the priority? To try to create a station on Mars which could accommodate a
handful of people, or to do something here to try to resolve global warming?

B
Space exploration, whether manned or not, is hugely expensive, and this is probably a key reason why it seems
to have lost its appeal for many people. The fact is, however, that our galaxy is littered with giant meteors like the
one that struck the Earth 16 million years ago, wiped out the dinosaurs and precipitated an ice age. Other cosmic
dangers exist, as do threats on Earth itself, and one day the human species may only survive by settling in a new
home. If we are to form colonies on the moon or other places in space, we have no alternative but to go there
ourselves and do it, and that requires preparation. Robots tend to be good at certain tasks like collecting data,
but their ability to think critically and creatively and to engage in problem-solving is limited. Some experiments
that can only be conducted in space require physical and intellectual dexterity and these are skills that only
humans possess.

People with a vested interest will say that for humans to travel beyond the Earth is important for the prestige and
glamour of space exploration, and for the way it draws young minds into science and technology. However, for
the cost of putting a few people into space for a few days, science education in schools could be transformed
by creating smaller classes, new laboratories and equipment. Now, wouldn't that be exciting! So much of the
investment in manned missions goes into keeping astronauts alive and safe, and the really useful science takes
second place. The idea that humans will ever be able to (or want to) settle on the moon or anywhere else in
space is unthinkable, so investment for that purpose is ludicrous, but the technological stimulus gained from
the development of robotics and computer programmes that can deal with things in real time without people
around has immense value on Earth, as well as in space.

Manned space flight is not primarily about science. The truth is that developments in science and computer
design mean that satellites, robots and other technology are probably better than astronauts at collecting
information from space which we can use on Earth. But people do not get excited when they see robots
launched into space. Computers attached to a rocket don't stimulate the imagination or the enthusiasm for space
exploration. And we do need to explore space, whatever the financial implications. In the long term, we need to
find out whether we can survive outside the Earth's orbit. It's a question of our species' survival. Astrophysicists
have worked out that at some point in the future - we do not know when - the sun will engulf the Earth, and for
the species to continue, when that happens, we need to be elsewhere.

18 Cambridge English; Advanced Test 1 >: PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > > Parts
 Which writer

has a different opinion from the others about the

37
inspirational significance of manned space missions?

has a similar view to writer B about the importance

38
of establishing whether humans can live on other planets?

expresses a different view from the others regarding

the relative efficiency of manned missions for carrying 39
out research?

shares writer A's opinion about the cost effectiveness

40
of sending people into space?

Essential #ips
This part of the exam tests your ability to understand Question 37: The key words in this question are different
opinions and attitudes expressed in different texts and to opinion from the others and inspirational significance. All
identify whether different writers agree or disagree with the questions are about 'manned space missions' so there
each other. There are always four short texts by different is no need to highlight that. You need to find three views
writers, and the four texts are all on the same subject. that are similar and one that is different. The relevant part
of Text A is: The early manned space flights generated
Read the main title and the four texts quickly to get a genuine interest around the world, but who really cares
general idea of what they are about. Don't worry if there nowadays ...?The relevant part in text B is: it seems to have
are words or phrases you don't understand. lost its appeal for many people. Are they similar or different
opinions? Now, go through the same process with texts
Look carefully at the four questions, highlighting the key C and D.
words in each.
Question 40: The key words here are: shares writer A's
Read the first text and highlight the sections of the text opinion and cost effectiveness. All the texts are about
that refer to each of the questions. Write the question sending people into space so there is no point highlighting
numbers next to the relevant parts of the text. Then do that. The relevant part of text A is: They are cheaper to put
the same for each text. into space, they can stay there longer and they can collect
and retain far more information. If you look at the previous
Then look across the four texts and compare the sections sentence, it is clear that they refers to 'robots'. So, writer A
that refer to Question 37. Read them carefully and believes that robots are more cost-effective than humans in
decide which ones express similar views and which have space. Now, look through the other three texts and highlight
different views. references to cost. Which one expresses a similar view to
that of writer A?

Cambridge English: Advancer Test 1 > : PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > > Part 6 19
 PAPER 1 Reading and
Use of English You are going to read a newspaper about a company that makes fruit drinks. Six
PAPER 2 Writing paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-G
the one which fits each gap (41-46). There is one extra paragraph which you do not
PAPER 3 Listening need to use.
PAPER 4 Speaking Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

B
Peach of an idea
At the end of the 1990s, three friends in their mid-20s, Innocent's refusal to compromise on this point
Adam Balon, Richard Reed and Jon Wright were presented them with some problems when they first
thinking of starting a business. They took £500 worth started talking to potential suppliers, Adam says. This
of fruit to a music festival in west London, made a was when they discovered the truth about the majority
huge batch of smoothies - fruit drinks blended with of so-called natural fruit drinks.
milk and yoghurt - and asked their customers for a
verdict. 44

41
'NaTvety', adds Richard, who is always ready with a
soundbite, 'can be a great asset in business because
Looking back, they nowadmitthat they were amazingly you challenge the status quo.' Although Innocent's
na'i've, thinking it would just take off once they had the drinks are fiendishly healthy, the company has always
recipes and packaging figured out. In fact, the three been very careful not to preach. 'Everyone knows what
budding entrepreneurs had nine months living on they're supposed to do/ says Richard. 'But people
credit cards and overdrafts before they sold their first just don't, especially when they live in a city. We just
smoothie. thought, "Wouldn't it be great to make it easy to get
hold of this natural fresh goodness?" Then at least
you've got one healthy habit in a world of bad ones.'
I 45 I I
Only five years later, though, Innocent had become
Britain's leading brand of smoothie, selling about 40%
of the 50 million downed annually by British drinkers. 'In essence,' explains Jon, 'we simply froze some of
Eight years after that. Innocent employed 250 staff, our smoothies and threw in a bit of egg to make it all
were selling over 200 million smoothies per week stick together.' To help testers make up their minds
around the world, and a majority stake in the company about which combinations worked, they dusted off the
had been bought up by the international giant, Coca old "yes" and "no" bins and put them out again. And
Cola. What was the recipe for this startling success? once again their methods proved fruitful.
46

'We didn't rule it out completely,' says Richard. 'But

the three of us have always gone away once every
three months to talk about what we want out of the
business and we've always been in the same place.
So as long as we're excited and challenged and proud
of the business, we're going to want to be a part of it.'

20 lambridge English: Advanced Test 1 > > PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > > Part 7
A Most are made from concentrated juice with E They also seem to have managed to stay friends,
water - and perhaps sweeteners, colours and and the fact that each member of the team
preservatives - added. 'We didn't even know brings a different and complementary set of
about that when we started/ Adam explains. 'It skills to Innocent seems to have helped them
was when we started talking to people and they avoid any big bust-ups over strategy.
said, "OK, we'll use orange concentrate," and we
said, "What's concentrate?" and they explained F So, at another festival in 2004, the Innocent
it and we said, "No, we want orange juice."' team tried extending their range of products
into desserts. 'For us there was this problem of
B Probably something to do with pure, Sunday evenings, sitting down to watch a film
unadulterated ingredients with a dash of quirky with a big tub of ice cream - it's nice to munch
advertising. As one campaign put it, their drinks through it, but very bad for you,' Richard adds.
are not made from fruit, they are fruit.
G They found that the finances were the basic
C 'We decided to keep it simple,' says Richard. stumbling block. But they eventually had a lucky
We had a bin that said "yes" and a bin that said break when Maurice Pinto, a wealthy American
"no", and at the end of the weekend the "yes" businessman, decided to invest in them. In total,
bin was full of empty bottles. We quit our jobs it took 15 months from the initial idea to taking
the next day.' the product to market.

D Their early years of success coincided with

increasing consumer concerns about healthy
eating, and Innocent soon became worth a lot
of money to potential buyers. Was there ever a
temptation in those early years to sell up and go
and live on a desert island?

Essential tips
This part of the exam tests your understanding of how > When you have found a paragraph that may fill a gap,
a text is organised and how paragraphs relate to each read the paragraph that comes before it and the one that
other. For example, a paragraph might give details about comes after it to see that they fit together.
an idea mentioned previously, or it may present another
side of an argument. > Re-read the completed text and make sure it makes
sense.
Read through the text quickly to get a general idea of
what it is about. Don't worry if there are words you don't Question 41: The last sentence in the previous paragraph
understand. describes how Baton, Reed and Wright 'asked their
customers for a verdict'. Which gapped paragraph describes
Look for links between the main text and the gapped how customers gave their opinion?
paragraphs. The gapped paragraph may have links either
to the paragraph before it or to the paragraph after it, or Question 43: The previous paragraph ends with the question
even to both. What was the recipe for this startling success? Look for a
gapped paragraph which seems to answer this question.
Look for theme and language links. For example: Question 44: The previous paragraph ends with the
sentence. This was when they discovered the truth about
• references to people, places and times;
the majority of so-called 'natural fruit drinks'. Look for a
• words or phrases that refer back or forward to another gapped paragraph which describes this 'truth'.
word, phrase or idea in the text. For example, if the
first line of a paragraph says something like This
becomes clear when we look at... then this refers back
to something expressed in the previous paragraph.
• linking devices such as firstly, secondly, furthermore,
on the other hand, however. These will help you to find
connections between paragraphs.

Cambridge English: Advanced Test 1 > ; PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > > Part 7 21
ADVANCED

TEST
PAPER 1 Reading and i
Use of English You are going to read a magazine article in which four people talk about careers
PAPER 2 Writing Parts involving foreign languages. For questions 47-56, choose from the people (A-D).
Part 4 Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
PAPER 3 Listening
PAPER 4 Speaking
Which person

mentions being discouraged from studying languages?

expresses sympathy for those who find language

learning difficult?
Essential tips
> In this part of the exam, you points out a common misconception about what it
are required to read several
short texts to find specific takes to learn a language?
information, which may
include an opinion or the
expression of an attitude. enjoys the respect shown due to their language skills?

> Read the instructions, the title

and the questions. emphasises the impact learning a foreign language
can have on mother-tongue use?
^ Skim through the texts quickly
to get a general idea of what
they are about. Don't worry describes suffering embarrassment through
if there are words you don't ignorance of a language?
understand.

> Read each question again and admits to having been unaware of their abilities?
make sure you understand
what it is asking. Underline B
the key words in the questions mentions the excitement experienced when
(the words that show you
what you should look for in working with languages?
the text).

> Scan the texts for ideas points out what language skills can indicate about
or words that relate to the someone's personality?
question. Read the relevant
parts of the texts carefully.
claims that a lack of career focus is common
^ Remember that the part of
the text that gives the answer among language students?
for each question will almost
certainly not use the same
words; instead, it will
express the idea in a
different way.
Question 47: The word discouraged Question 49: If the statement is
> All the texts are about the is used in the question. Look for expressed in difficult language,
same topic, so similar points other words in the texts that express you need to examine it carefully.
may be made in two or three the same idea. Then check that What is meant by 'a common
texts. When you match a the part of the text you find also misconception'? 'Mis-' refers to
question with a text, make expresses the idea of studying something wrong and conception
sure it reflects exactly what languages. means an idea, so 'a wrong idea'.
is in that text. Question 48: Think of other words or Then think carefully about the
phrases that express the same idea meaning of 'what it takes to learn
as find language learning difficult. a language'. There may be more
Then scan the texts for references to than one 'wrong idea' in the texts,
this. Make sure the one you choose and there may be more than one
contains the idea that the writer reference to learning languages.
expresses sympathy.

22 Cambridge English: Advanced Test 1 > > PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > > Part 8
 Careers with foreign languages
A Jack Reynolds - interpreter in the UK C Helen Murdoch - IT project manager
Most of my friends studied subjects like business I'm naturally curious and hate not understanding
or engineering, and I suspect they thought learning people, and that's what's always attracted me to
foreign languages was pointless, especially if languages. It works the other way round, too.
yourfirst language is English. That changed when When we're recruiting for a challenging IT project,
I became the interpreter for a couple of Brazilian 1 always think the candidates "who are multilingual
footballers who'd joined Manchester United. tend to be more adaptable and open-minded,
When my friends realised who I was spending which certainly helps us. I went to university in
time with, my coolness rating definitely shot up, the 1980s, and in those days, languages were seen
which has been nice. I've always been interested as no more than a 'nice-to-have'. When I told my
in languages. I did French and Spanish at school father I'd decided to study French, he said, 'Are
and then added Portuguese at university. To you sure? Wouldn't something more substantial
be honest, I've never seen myself as a brilliant be better?' So, I combined it with a management
linguist - I was never the best in my class - degree. With the increasingly competitive
but I've worked at it, and when I went to Brazil marketplace, I think that view's changed. My work
after university I decided to forget any shyness has taken me to different countries, and helped
I might have, and immerse myself in the local me improve my French and pick up Arabic and
culture. When I came back to the UK, I was good Turkish, an opportunity not available to everyone
enough to qualify as an interpreter. Apart from sadly. I've seen at first-hand the difference that
the sports work, I interpret at conferences. That knowing a language can make. I once committed a
gets my adrenaline going more than being with major blunder in an office in Japan. Had I spoken
the footballers, actually. Japanese, I would have known not to do it, and
would have avoided a couple of very awkward
days afterwards.
B Ana Ramirez - educational consultant
I did a degree in English and Russian at university D Timo Heikkinen - student
in Spain. I enjoyed it but I'm ashamed to admit
that I had no idea what I was going to do with I'm in my final year at university. I'm studying
it when I finished. 1 was by no means the only Chinese but I also speak English, Swedish,
one from my course in that position, and there's Russian, German and French, and Greek because
a similar thing in other countries, from what my mum's half-Greek, and Finnish as I'm from
I've seen. After a few false starts, I ended up Finland. I recently won a prize for achievement
working for a Europe-wide organisation which in learning languages. To be honest, I hadn't
administers various educational projects. I travel considered myself unusual because I've picked up
around Europe and Russia a lot, so I get to practise languages from going to different countries with
my languages. Part of our brief is to promote my parents who work for international companies.
language learning and I genuinely believe in it. I realise now, however, that I do have a flair
Interestingly, one thing it's given me, apart from for languages; I've been told I even write well
a job and the opportunity to meet people around in Finnish and Greek. I'm not sure what I'll be
the world, is a greater awareness of my strengths doing next year. I've had a few offers but I'm not
and weaknesses in Spanish. Unfortunately, I hear very decisive. Quite a lot of people I know are
lots of people saying 'I'd like to have another really good at their subjects - maths, physics or
language, but it's beyond my abilities.' The truth whatever - but languages defeat them and that
is, though, that anyone can learn a language. We seriously narrows their options. I'm glad I'm not
all learn our mother tongue, after all. You just in their shoes.
need the right conditions and attitude. I absolutely
believe that.

Cambridge English: Advances Test 1 > > PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > •,- Part 8 23
ADVANCED
TEST
PAPER j and
; •--. ":'• Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in
220-260 words in an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet. Put the
question number in the box at the top of the page.
PAPER 3 Listening

PAPER 4 Speaking 2 You would like to start a radio station at the college where you are a student.
You have decided to send a proposal to the principal, asking for permission and
practical assistance. Your proposal should include the following:
• why you think the radio station would be beneficial
• what sort of programmes you would begin with
Essential fips • what sort of support, practical and financial, you would need.

Write your proposal.

> In Part 2, you must choose
one task. However, you
should be familiar with all 3 You have seen the following blog in an online magazine for young people.
the possible types of text you
might need to write. I live in a small village and long to move into the city. I am 18 years
> Read each question carefully. old and have just left school. What are the good things about city life?
Before you choose a question, What about the disadvantages? Would I be mad to leave my village, or
ask yourself if you know would I be opening up great new opportunities?
enough vocabulary on the
subject and can employ it in Paul
the required register and text
type.

^ In Part 2 questions, you have

Write your email to Paul giving your views.
more freedom to use your
imagination and come up 4 A British television channel is interested in making a documentary about public
with information that is not in transport in different parts of the world. You have been asked to write a report for
the input material.
the channel, addressing the following questions.
If you are writing a report or
proposal, consider whether • What means of public transport in your region are the most popular?
to use headings and bullet • What is being done to improve these facilities and encourage the use of public
points or numbered lists. transport?
• What more could be done?
Question 2
^ What style would be Write your report.
appropriate for this
proposal? Bear in mind
that the proposal is written
by a college student to the Question 3 :You are writing to
principal of the college. You need to include information
a young person, so use a lively, about the public transport in your
> Consider your three sections: informal style, bringing in anecdotes region. At the same time, your
introduction, main body and and advice related to your task is to produce a good piece of
conclusion. The introduction experience. writing, so as long as the points
could state simply what you you make sound reasonable, they
want, and the conclusion Question 4 do not all have to be factually
could repeat this request, > In order to answer this question, correct. For instance, if you want
perhaps with some extra you must be familiar with the to say that most people in your
force or promise of success. format of a report. You need to region travel to work by car, you
The words 'Introduction' and write clear paragraphs and use could invent a survey that shows
'Conclusion' could also be headings. You may also want to 25% of workers say they travel
headings. What will the main use other features such as bullet to work by car. It doesn't matter
body contain? What will the points or numbered lists. if this survey was never actually
heading(s) be? carried out.
> Remember that a report must have
> Don't worry about precise a clear introduction and conclusion The question asks you to give
figures, for example, how as well. In your introduction, your opinion about how the
much money would be state what the report is about and situation may change in the
needed to start the radio who it is for. In your conclusion, future. Therefore, you can use
station. You are not expected summarise the information the first person to say what you
to know this. contained in your report. See the think.
Writing bank on page 200.

26 Cambridge English: Firs;; Test 1 > :- PAPER 2 Writing >:- ?g;t s

.WANCED
TEST
..
O Track
You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B
PAPER 3 Listening » part 1 or C) which fits best according to what you hear.There are two questions for each
extract.
PAPER 4 Speaking Part 2
Part!
Part 4 Extract One
You hear two friends talking about an experience one of them had as a volunteer.

1 Nigel joined the Blue Ventures project because

A a friend of his encouraged him to do volunteer work.
Essential tips B he had always dreamed of going to Madagascar.
C he thought the experience would be useful to him.
> Before you listen to each
extract, you will be given
time (15 seconds) to read the 2 Which word best describes Jenny's reaction to Nigel's account?
questions. Make good use of A enthusiasm
this time, and try to predict
what you are going to hear.
B disinterest
C envy
> Listen carefully before
choosing the answer. The
Extract Two
options may contain words
you hear on the recording, but You hear two students at law school talking about possible future jobs.
the meaning of the sentence
may be different! 3 When Rich finishes his course, he
> Some questions ask you A would like to work in commerce.
about the speaker's feelings or B will join a top firm of solicitors,
attitude to something. Listen C intends to do postgraduate study.
to the speaker's tone of voice
and the way he/she speaks.
It may be necessary to listen 4 Jenny will work in the area of
to the whole extract before A criminal law.
making your choice.
B property law.
C human rights law.
Question 1: More than one option
may seem possible here. Why
did Nigel join the project? Extract Three
Question 2: Listen carefully to You hear two friends talking about a football match they have just watched.
Jenny's tone of voice.
Questions 3 and 4: Some of the 5 Tracy thinks that England
vocabulary is specialised, but
A deserved to lose.
you can understand the meaning
from the rest of the text. B were not confident enough.
C were unfortunate.

6 According to Dave,
A Gerrard was unfairly treated.
B England played badly.
C Russia didn't play well.

Cambridge English: First Test 1 > PAPER 3 Listening 27

ADVANCED

TEST
PAPER 1 Reading and
Use of English

PAPER 2 Writing
o Track 2

You will hear a writer talking about a book she has written on the subject of aspirin.
For questions 7-14, complete the sentences with a word or a short phrase.

PAPER 4 Speaking

THE STORY OF ASPIRIN

Doctors in (7) treated their patients with a
Essential fips medicine derived from the bark of the willow.
> Read the instructions and
find out the subject of the
recording. Edward Stone believed that (8) was similar to

^ Read the questions carefully quinine.

and think about the sort of
information you might need to
complete the gaps. The active ingredient of aspirin was isolated in (9)

> Each gap is completed by

one, two or three words, or a Unfortunately, salicylic acid can affect the (10)
number.
quite badly.
> Decide what grammatical form
the gapped word or words
should have. The first commercially available aspirins were made by Bayer, a
> You will hear the words you (11)
need on the recording, but not
in the same sentences as the
questions. You need to listen However, there was little (12) into the way aspirin
for the ideas expressed on the
recording. works for nearly 70 years.

^ You will hear the recording

twice, so you will have a Some scientists think that people over (13) should
chance to fill in any gaps you
miss the first time. take aspirin to prevent certain diseases.

Question 7: What sort of word

could come after in: a time, a It appears that (14) grown without artificial
place, or an expression with the chemicals also contain the active ingredients of aspirin.
preposition inl Listen for any of
these.
Question 10: The recording
is about a medicine, and this
sentence mentions an acid
that can affect something or
somebody quite badly. Who or
what could this be?
Question 12: The sentence is
about something that happened
or lasted for nearly 70 years, so
you should listen for information
about this period. Also consider
what could fit with the phrase
'into the way aspirin works'.
Question 14: The gapped word
must describe something like
a plant, which can be grown
without artificial chemicals,
so listen for a word with this
meaning.

28 Cambridge English: Advanced Test 1 > > PAPER 3 Listening > > Part 2
IWANCiD
TEST
PAPER 1 Reading and

RAPE
Use of English
o Track 3

You will hear part of an interview with Stan Levin, a dance critic, about a modern
PAPERS Listening ballet production involving animals. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C
or D) which fits best according to what you hear.
PAPER 4 Speaking

15 We gather that the ballet being discussed here

A has received general critical acclaim.
B has caused considerable controversy.
Essential tips C has not been well received on the whole.
D has become popular with animals-lovers.
This part of the exam is usually a
multiple-choice task, but it could
also be a sentence-completion 16 It appears that the function of the dogs in the ballet is to
task. If it is a sentence-completion A reflect what happens to the human characters.
task, look back at the tips for B act as a contrast to the human characters.
Parts 1 and 2. If it is a multiple-
C show how wild animals behave in a civilised society.
choice task, read the following
tips. D symbolise homeless people.
> Read the instructions and
find out the subject of the 17 How does Stan feel about the increasing use of technology in dance?
recording. A He thinks this trend has gone too far.
> Read the questions or
B He prefers more traditional approaches to dance.
question stems carefully and C He does not approve of it in principle.
underline the key words. D He believes it is creating a new art form.
> The questions follow the order
of the recording, but the final 18 What aspect of the ballet is of greatest interest to audiences?
question may be about the A the way the dogs behave during dance sequences
recording as a whole. B the way the dogs perform their tricks
C the sight of the dogs in a pack
Question 15: Option A suggests
most people, especially the D the way the dogs copy the actions of one character
critics, liked the ballet; option B
implies some people liked it and
19 What caused the lapse in mood during the performance Stan saw?
some didn't; option C implies
most people didn't like it; and A the inability of the dogs to concentrate
option D implies that people who B the audience's unwillingness to accept the dogs
love animals liked the ballet. C the behaviour of a member of the audience
Which of these ideas does the
D the inability of dogs and humans to work as a team
recording convey?
Question 18: Think about
different ways to express 20 What aspect of the performance made the most powerful impression on Stan?
that something 'is of greatest A the implicit potential for violence
interest to audiences'. You B the aggression shown by the dogs
should also be prepared for the
information to be given in a C the bond between the dogs and the tramp
different order. For example, the D the primitive appearance of the dogs
speaker may describe something
that happened and then say
afterwards that it interested
audiences.
Question 19: The question tells
you that Stan will talk about
something that went wrong when
he saw the ballet. Which option
best describes what happened?

Cambridge English: Advanced Test 1 > > PAPER 3 Listening > : Part 29
ADVANCED
TEST
PAPER 1 Reading and
Track 4
Use of English
PAPER 2 Writing You will hear five short extracts in which people talk about fitness and health.

PAPER 3 Listening While you listen, you must complete both tasks.

PAPER 4 Speaking art

TASK ONE

•MM For questions 21-25, choose from list A-H, what each person says is his or her
Essential tips reason for attending a gym regularly.

> Read the instructions and find

out who will be talking and A The gym has a social function for me.
what they will be talking about. Speaker 1 21
> You have two tasks to think
about at the same time, each B I have a sedentary job.
relating to one type of statement Speaker 2
made by the speakers. So the
first time you hear each speaker, C My company pays for me to attend a gym.
be prepared for a piece of Speaker 3
information that corresponds
to an option in the first task; the D I'm studying sport science at college.
second time, listen for a piece of
information that corresponds to Speaker 4
an option in the second task.
E Being fit gives me a sense of achievement.
> The answer options do not
repeat what the speakers Speaker 5
say; they express the ideas
in different words. Read F I compete in high-level sporting events.
each option carefully, and
be prepared to hear the
information expressed in a G I come here with members of my cycling club.
different form.
^ Each task has three options
you do not need. H I started exercising regularly after an injury.

Questions 21-25 TASK TWO

Option A: If something has a
'social function', what does it For questions 26-30, choose from list A-H what opinion each speaker expresses
have? How might you express
the idea that learning English has about fitness and health, generally.
a social function?
A It is alarming that so many people have an
Option B: What sort of jobs are
'sedentary' and what could be a unhealthy lifestyle.
problem for people working in Speaker 1
these jobs?
Option F: What are some B Being good at sport commands respect.
examples of 'high-level sporting Speaker 2
events', and how are the
competitors regarded in the C I find it hard to commit myself to exercising.
community? Speaker 3
Option H: If this option is correct for
one of the speakers, it must mean D Diet is as important as exercise.
that the person had 'an injury'. Speaker 4
What kinds of things can happen
when people have an injury? E Exercise machines are extremely boring.
Questions 26-30 Speaker 5
Option G: What ways are there
to express that something is a F Achieving health requires self-sacrifice.
'commitment'? If you commit
yourself to do something, what
do you do or say? G Exercise is necessary to keep weight under control.
Option H: How else could a
speaker talk about 'genetic
make-up'? H Genetic make-up has a lot to do with fitness.

30 Cambridge English: Advanced Test 1 >> PAPER 3 Listening > *• Part 4