History of
Indian
Agriculture
India's agricultural sector has evolved significantly over time. Post-
independence, the country faced challenges like food shortages and low
agricultural productivity. The Green Revolution in the 1960s and 70s was a
major turning point, introducing high-yield variety seeds, chemical fertilisers,
and irrigation improvements.
Before independence in 1947, Indian agriculture was largely traditional and
relied on practices that had been used for centuries. Farming was often
characterised by low productivity, monsoon dependecny and a lack of
infrastructure.
India's agricultural sector continues to evolve, driven by a combination of
technological advancements, policy initiatives, and sustainability efforts. The
Green Revolution was a pivotal moment in this journey, laying the foundation
for ongoing improvements and innovations in the sector.
Agriculture contributed
approximately 16% of India's
Gross Value Added (GVA) in
2023-24. This reflects a
substantial portion of the
country's economic output, though
its share has decreased over time
as other sectors like services and
industry have grown.
India has about 140 million
hectares of agricultural land,
which is roughly 44% of the total
land area. This includes land used
for growing crops, as well as for
forestry and pasture.
04
Impacts of 1. Increased Agricultural Productivity
Higher Yields: The Green Revolution led to a
the Green
dramatic increase in crop yields, particularly in
wheat and rice, which helped India achieve self-
Revolution
sufficiency in food grains.
2. Economic Growth
Rural Prosperity: The increase in agricultural output
contributed to the economic development of rural
areas and improved the livelihoods of many farmers.
3. Socio-Political Impact
Land Reforms: The Green Revolution period also
saw land reforms and changes in land ownership
patterns, which affected the socio-economic
landscape of rural India.
Post-Green
Revolution
Developments
1. Criticisms and Challenges
Environmental Impact: Intensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides led
to soil degradation, water pollution, and health issues.
Inequality: The benefits of the Green Revolution were unevenly distributed,
with wealthier and more technologically advanced farmers benefiting more
than small-scale and marginal farmers.
2. Focus on Sustainable Practices
Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Strategies to reduce reliance on chemical
pesticides and promote environmentally friendly pest control methods.
Soil Health Management: Programs to restore soil fertility and promote
sustainable farming practices.
Modern
Developments
and the Future
1. Technological Innovations
Digital Agriculture: Use of data analytics, artificial
intelligence, and digital platforms to optimize farming
practices and improve market access.
Biotechnology: Development of genetically modified crops to
address challenges like climate change and pest resistance.
2. Sustainable Agriculture
Organic Farming: Growing interest in organic farming
methods that reduce environmental impact and improve soil
health.
Water Efficiency: Advanced irrigation techniques and water
management practices to address water scarcity issues.
Future
Growth
India's agricultural sector continues to
evolve, driven by a combination of
technological advancements, policy
initiatives, and sustainability efforts. The
Green Revolution was a pivotal moment in
this journey, laying the foundation for
ongoing improvements and innovations in
the sector.
Thank You!
