LIMITED LABORATORY SPACE AND EQUIPMENT ON ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE IN THE TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL TRACK UNDER HOME
ECONOMIC STRAND
ABES, REYNALDO JR.
ESMERALDA, LUKE DANIEL
FAMILARA, BERNABE JR.
GRADO, JULIE PEARL
LAWAG, KIERBHE KENT
ORDOÑA, JELMAR JAKE
QUIRANTE, LOVE ABBYGAIL
TANILON, JONATHAN
TELERON, NICEZEL JOIE
SEPTEMBER 2024
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The academic performance of students in the Technical Vocational Track,
particularly under the Home Economics strand, is significantly influenced by the
adequacy of laboratory space and equipment. Laboratory facilities are crucial for
providing hands-on experience and practical skills essential for vocational training.
Limited access to these resources can hinder students' ability to engage fully in their
coursework, potentially leading to poorer academic outcomes and reduced skill
acquisition. Several studies have highlighted that inadequate laboratory resources
negatively affect learning experiences, impeding students' practical application of
theoretical knowledge (Ali & Arif, 2021; Lee & Williams, 2022). For instance, the
efficiency and effectiveness of vocational training programs are closely tied to the
availability of proper tools and spaces, which directly impact students' proficiency
and readiness for professional challenges (Smith & Johnson, 2023). Understanding
these constraints is critical for developing strategies to enhance educational
outcomes in technical vocational education.
Statement of the Problem
It aimed to determine the significant relationship between the academic
performance and laboratory space and equipment It specifically sought the following
questions:
1.What is the level of limited laboratory space and equipment among technical
vocational track under home economics strand in Calinan National High School?
2. What is the level of academic performance in the technical vocational track among
students in Calinan National High School?
3. Is there a sgnificant relationship between limited laboratory space and academic
performance among technical vocational track under home economics strand
students at Calinan National High School?
Research Hypothesis
Ho- there's is no significant relationship between limited laboratory space and
equipment on academic performance in the Technical Vocational Track Under Home
Economicss
Ha- there is a significant relationship between limited laboratory space and equipment
on academic performance in the Technical Vocational Track Under Home Economicss
Signifance of the Study
The study will have its potential to influence various aspects of the
educational experience in technical-vocational education. For educational institutions
and administrators, the findings can offer critical insights into the direct correlation
between resource limitations and student performance. This can guide decision-
makers in better resource allocation and infrastructural development, ensuring that
students have access to the necessary facilities for a comprehensive education.
For teachers and educators, this research highlights the challenges that
students face due to lack of laboratory space and equipment. By understanding
these challenges, educators can adapt their teaching methods and develop
innovative strategies to help students overcome these obstacles, ensuring that the
quality of education is maintained despite inadequate resources.
Furthermore this study aimed at enhancing the quality of technical-vocational
education by advocating for educational staff to increased funding and support for
essential educational infrastructure. Moreover, it lays the groundwork for further
studies into how resource availability impacts student outcomes, contributing to the
broader understanding of educational equity and quality
Scope and Limitation
The study aimed to investigate the Limited Laboratory Space and Equipment
on Academic Performance in the Technical Vocational Track Under Home
Economics Strand at Calinan National High School. The decision to exclude grade
12 students from the study was made to ensure adequate time for survey
administration, data analysis, and conclusion drawing. The study focuses on Grade
12 students enrolled in the Technical Vocational Track under the Home Economics
Strand. The study was limited to grade 12 he students participants and conducted
solely within the school due to financial and time constraints. The chosen research
design of descriptive-correlational did not include grade level groups, as a broader
coverage would increase cost and time and compromise the study's focus.
Definition of Terms
Academic Performance - This refers to the outcomes of a student's
educational achievements, which can be measured through various means, such as
grades, test scores, or other academic assessments. It indicates how well a student
understands and applies the knowledge gained in a course or subject, particularly in
subjects that require practical learning in laboratory settings
Laboratory Space and Equipment - This includes both the physical space
and the apparatus provided in educational laboratories. Laboratory space refers to
the designated area for students to perform experiments and practical activities,
including its size, layout, and accessibility. Laboratory equipment refers to the tools,
instruments, and materials available for conducting scientific or technical
experiments. The availability, adequacy, and condition of these facilities and
resources influence the learning process and can impact students' academic
performance in lab-related subjects.
Related Review Literature
Insufficient laboratory equipment in Home Economics can hinder students'
performance and learning opportunities, as it requires specialized tools for cooking,
sewing, and other technical tasks. Insufficient or outdated equipment reduces
learning opportunities.
Limited laboratory space can significantly impact students' learning
experiences and outcomes, as overcrowded labs restrict hands-on activities,
reducing motivation and academic performance, as noted by Abdul-Raheem and
Salami (2019).
Insufficient laboratory equipment in Home Economics can hinder students'
performance and learning opportunities, as it requires specialized tools for cooking
sewing, and other technical tasks. Insufficient or outdated equipment reduces
learning opportunities..
Theoritical Framework
This framework examines the impact of limited laboratory space and equipment on
academic performance in the Home Economics strand of the Technical Vocational (Tech-Voc)
Track. The study is grounded in the understanding that adequate resources are essential for
practical, skills-based learning, which is critical in vocational education. Without sufficient
laboratory space and equipment, students may struggle to acquire and apply technical skills,
potentially lowering their academic performance. The framework draws on three key theories.
The Constructivist Learning Theory suggests that students learn best through hands-on,
experiential activities; thus, inadequate laboratory space and equipment limit these crucial
experiences.
The Resource-Based Learning Theory emphasizes that effective learning relies
heavily on the availability and quality of resources. Similarly, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in
an educational context highlights that an adequate learning environment is a basic need that
must be met to achieve higher-level educational outcomes. In this context, the independent
variables are laboratory space and equipment availability, while the dependent variable is
academic performance, as measured through grades, practical assessments, and
competency tests.
The hypothesis is that limited space and equipment reduce opportunities for practice,
experimentation, and real-world application, which are essential for developing competencies
in the Home Economics field. Overall, this framework provides a basis for understanding how
resource constraints can negatively affect academic performance in technical-vocational
education. By identifying these relationships, the study offers insights into the need for
improved resource allocation to enhance educational outcomes for students in the Home
Economics strand.
CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researchers will describe the method and procedure used in the study to
maintain the validity and reliability of the data and this study. The following will be discussed in
detail: Research Design, Respondents of the Study, Research Instrument, Sampling Technique, Data
Gathering Procedure, Data Analysis, and Ethical Considerations.
Research Design
The study will employ a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design to investigate
the relationship between Laboratory space and equipment and academic performance among grade
11 and 12 students at Calinan National High School. The purpose will be to determine the extent of
any relationships or lack of correlation between the two variables. The research approach will Not
require any manipulation other than the administration of research instruments to collect the
desired data, with no control or manipulation by the researcher. The method will involve the
recording, analysis, and interpretation of data collected through a questionnaire..
Respondents of the Study
The study will involve all He students enrolled at Calinan National High School for the
academic year 2023- 2024. The respondents will be selected randomly from all he strands. A non-
probability random sampling method will be used to randomly select from grade 11 and grade 12 he
students, to prevent any bias towards either the independent or dependent variables.
Research Instrument
In this study, the researchers used Google Forms to create a survey questionnaire for the
participants. The provided questionnaire can be answered with “Always,” “Often,” “Sometimes,”
“Rarely,” or “Never.” The survey questionnaire is divided into two parts. The first section focuses on
the availability of laboratory space and equipment, as well as how frequently they are used during
practical sessions. The questions in this part aim to determine how frequently students have access
to adequate laboratory space and equipment, as well as how this influences their learning
experiences.The second section includes questions about the effect of inadequate laboratory space
and equipment on students’ academic achievement in the Home Economics strand.This section seeks
to investigate how a shortage of resources affects students’ ability to execute practical activities and
overall academic success.
The researchers used the Likert Scale as the foundation of the survey to determine the relationship
between limited laboratory space, equipment, and the academic performance of students in the
Technical Vocational Track under the Home Economics Strand. As attested by Fields (2022), the Likert
scale is a rating scale commonly used to measure opinions, attitudes, or behavior. A statement or a
question is followed by a set of five or seven answer responses. Respondents select the option that
best represents their feelings about the statement or question
Sampling Technique
To investigate the impact of limited laboratory space and equipment on academic
performance in the Technical Vocational Track under the Home Economics Strand, this study employs
simple random sampling. The target population includes Grade 11 and Grade 12 students from this
strand. The sampling procedure involves creating a list of all students in each grade, from which
students are randomly selected from Grade 11 and from Grade 12. This selection is done using a
random number generator to ensure each student has an equal chance of being chosen. Once the
sample is selected, the students are verified for enrollment and contacted for consent. Data on their
academic performance and perceptions of laboratory resources are then collected and analyzed. This
method provides a representative sample, ensuring reliable insights into how laboratory limitations
affect academic outcomes.
Data Gathering Procedure
To assess the impact of limited laboratory space and equipment and academic performance
in home economics strand , a survey questionnaire will be administered to the participants. The
validators of the instrument will be conducted by Ma’am Mecy Grace B. Taperla a research expert at
Calinan National High School, using an evaluation sheet that examines the test’s clarity, sustainability,
objectivity, and overall design.
The researchers will formally introduce the study to the selected population and randomly distribute
the questionnaire. They will be available during data collection to answer any questions. Afterward,
responses will be carefully analyzed using JASP for recording and data analysis
Data Analysis
This measure was used to determine the average level of laboratory space availability and
equipment adequacy, as well as the average academic performance of students in the Home
Economics strand of the Technical Vocational track. To assess the variability or spread of data points
from the mean, standard deviation was calculated for both laboratory space and equipment
availability, and student academic performance. This helps understand the extent of variation within
the sampl
Ethical Considerations
The limited availability of laboratory space and equipment in technical vocational tracks,
particularly in the Home Economics strand, raises significant ethical concerns regarding fairness,
equity, and the overall quality of education provided. This issue disproportionately impacts students
from disadvantaged backgrounds and schools with fewer resources, hindering their ability to develop
essential practical skills and potentially limiting their future career options. This paper explores the
ethical implications of this resource disparity on academic performance and the broader educational
landscape.
References
Abdul-Raheem, Y., & Salami, K. (2019). The impact of laboratory space on students’ practical skills
acquisition in technical vocational education. International Journal of Technical Education and
Training, 6(2), 45-59
Ali, M. A., & Arif, M. (2021). The influence of laboratory resources on the performance of vocational
students in technical education. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 73(2), 201-215.
Lee, J., & Williams, T. (2022). Resource limitations and student outcomes in vocational education: A
case study in the home economics strand. Educational Research Review, 18(1), 112-128.
Smith, K., & Johnson, L. (2023). Challenges of resource allocation in technical vocational training
programs: Implications for student success. Journal of Educational Administration, 61(3), 45-59
CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researchers will describe the method and procedure used in the study to
maintain the validity and reliability of the data and this study. The following will be discussed in
detail: Research Design, Respondents of the Study, Research Instrument, Sampling Technique, Data
Gathering Procedure, Data Analysis, and Ethical Considerations.
Research Design
The study will employ a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design to investigate
the relationship between Laboratory space and equipment and academic performance among grade
11 and 12 students at Calinan National High School. The purpose will be to determine the extent of
any relationships or lack of correlation between the two variables. The research approach will not
require any manipulation other than the administration of research instruments to collect the
desired data, with no control or manipulation by the researcher. The method will involve the
recording, analysis, and interpretation of data collected through a questionnaire..
Respondents of the Study
The study will involve all He students enrolled at Calinan National High School for the
academic year 2023- 2024. The respondents will be selected randomly from all he strands. A non-
probability random sampling method will be used to randomly select from grade 11 and grade 12 he
students, to prevent any bias towards either the independent or dependent variables.
Research Instrument
In this study, the researchers used Google Forms to create a survey questionnaire for the
participants. The provided questionnaire can be answered with “Always,” “Often,” “Sometimes,”
“Rarely,” or “Never.” The survey questionnaire is divided into two parts. The first section focuses on
the availability of laboratory space and equipment, as well as how frequently they are used during
practical sessions. The questions in this part aim to determine how frequently students have access
to adequate laboratory space and equipment, as well as how this influences their learning
experiences.The second section includes questions about the effect of inadequate laboratory space
and equipment on students’ academic achievement in the Home Economics strand.This section seeks
to investigate how a shortage of resources affects students’ ability to execute practical activities and
overall academic success.
The researchers used the Likert Scale as the foundation of the survey to determine the relationship
between limited laboratory space, equipment, and the academic performance of students in the
Technical Vocational Track under the Home Economics Strand. As attested by Fields (2022), the Likert
scale is a rating scale commonly used to measure opinions, attitudes, or behavior. A statement or a
question is followed by a set of five or seven answer responses. Respondents select the option that
best represents their feelings about the statement or question
Sampling Technique
To investigate the impact of limited laboratory space and equipment on academic
performance in the Technical Vocational Track under the Home Economics Strand, this study employs
simple random sampling. The target population includes Grade 11 and Grade 12 students from this
strand. The sampling procedure involves creating a list of all students in each grade, from which
students are randomly selected from Grade 11 and from Grade 12. This selection is done using a
random number generator to ensure each student has an equal chance of being chosen. Once the
sample is selected, the students are verified for enrollment and contacted for consent. Data on their
academic performance and perceptions of laboratory resources are then collected and analyzed. This
method provides a representative sample, ensuring reliable insights into how laboratory limitations
affect academic outcomes.
Data Gathering Procedure
To assess the impact of limited laboratory space and equipment and academic performance
in home economics strand , a survey questionnaire will be administered to the participants. The
validators of the instrument will be conducted by Ma’am Mecy Grace B. Taperla a research expert at
Calinan National High School, using an evaluation sheet that examines the test’s clarity, sustainability,
objectivity, and overall design.
The researchers will formally introduce the study to the selected population and randomly distribute
the questionnaire. They will be available during data collection to answer any questions. Afterward,
responses will be carefully analyzed using JASP for recording and data analysis
Data Analysis
This measure was used to determine the average level of laboratory space availability and
equipment adequacy, as well as the average academic performance of students in the Home
Economics strand of the Technical Vocational track. To assess the variability or spread of data points
from the mean, standard deviation was calculated for both laboratory space and equipment
availability, and student academic performance. This helps understand the extent of variation within
the sampl
Ethical Considerations
The limited availability of laboratory space and equipment in technical vocational tracks,
particularly in the Home Economics strand, raises significant ethical concerns regarding fairness,
equity, and the overall quality of education provided. This issue disproportionately impacts students
from disadvantaged backgrounds and schools with fewer resources, hindering their ability to develop
essential practical skills and potentially limiting their future career options. This paper explores the
ethical implications of this resource disparity on academic performance and the broader educational
landscape.
References
Abdul-Raheem, Y., & Salami, K. (2019). The impact of laboratory space on students’ practical skills
acquisition in technical vocational education. International Journal of Technical Education and
Training, 6(2), 45-59
Ali, M. A., & Arif, M. (2021). The influence of laboratory resources on the performance of vocational
students in technical education. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 73(2), 201-215.
Lee, J., & Williams, T. (2022). Resource limitations and student outcomes in vocational education: A
case study in the home economics strand. Educational Research Review, 18(1), 112-128.
Smith, K., & Johnson, L. (2023). Challenges of resource allocation in technical vocational training
programs: Implications for student success. Journal of Educational Administration, 61(3), 45-59
