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pp. 210 -211; Soper, "A. C. Literary Evidence for Early Buddhist Art in China," Ascona: Artibus
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Interaction: Buddha Images in Pralambapadasana," in L. Ghosh, ed. , Connectivity & Beyond:
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wang sang yeongu [ A Study on the Udayana Image in Pralambapadasana of the Early Tang
Period]. Unpublished Master Thesis, Seoul National University: Department of Archaeology and
art History [in Korean with English abstract], 2010. )
 New Perspectives on the Origin and Spread of
Bhadrasana Buddhas throughout Southeast
Asia (7th -8th Centuries CE)
Nicolas Revire

Abstract: This paper discusses the seated Buddhas m the so-called

"European fashion" ( Skt. bhadrasana), often found in Southeast Asia during the
7th- 8th centuries in Java, the Mekong Delta and particularly in the art of
Dvaravati, one of Thailand's oldest religious cultures. While dealing with stylistic
and iconographic questions, this paper also attempts to trace the origins of this
specific posture, how it spread throughout Southeast Asia, as well as examining its
meanings. In doing so , I focus on the different areas of India, central Asia, China
and Japan for comparative studies. My research tends to show that this iconographic
trend is best affiliated with East Asian models during the early Tang period rather
than with Gupta and post - Gupta images directly from India. Possible prototypes
for later development in Southeast Asia are the "King U dayana statues" at the
Longmen Caves dated by inscriptions from ca. 655 -680.
Keywords: Images of Seated Buddhas with Legs Pendant; The " King
Udayana" Image; Longmen Caves; Stylistic; Iconographic; Spread