The most commons:
1-cause of massive rectal bleeding and lower GIT bleeding is diverticulosis
2- the most common complication of Meckel’s
diverticulum among adults is intestinal obstruction
while the most common presentation is bleeding
3-Candida is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis.
4-The most common indication for surgery secondary to acute diverticulitis
is Abcess
5-the most common cause of splenic cyst is parasistic infection>>hydatid
disease
6-The most common cause of chronic(not sure) pancreatitis and also acute
worldwide is gall stones
7- the most common types of retropertoneal sarcomas is fibrosarcomas
8- The most common cause of anal sphincter disruption is obstetric
damage.
9- the most common symptom of anal cancer is pain and bleeding
10-- The most common cause of cholangitis is choledocholithaisis .
11-Postoperative stricture is the most common cause of post
cholycystechtomy syndrome
12- The most common presentation of hydatidosis is Asymptomatic
13- . The most common type of bilharzia preportal fibrosis is:
mixed (fine and course )
14- The most common complication of hepatic hydatid disease is:rupture
into the biliary channels
15-The most common cause of death in low intestinal obstruction
is:Toxemia
16- The most common site for colon cancer is:sigmoid and rectum
17- 30. The most common complication of hepatic hydatid disease is
rupture into the biliary channels
18-Asymptomatic is the commonest presentation of gall
stones ,noncomplicated diverticulosis and hydatid disease of the liver and
carcinoid tumor (incedental)
19-the most common site for cancer colon is sigmoid and rectum
20- the most common cause of paralytic ileus is Iatrogenic
The firsts :
Primary TT and TT of choice :
The treatment of choice for splenic abscess is: total splencectomy
. The preferred initial treatment of choice for cystic hydatid disease of the
liver is: PAIR
The treatment of choice of pseudo myxoma peritonii is: Surgical debulking.
Golds :
The Reds :
1-one of the commonest manifistations of carolin’s
disease is enteric fistula
2-to improve outcomes in patient with sclerosing
cholangitis with advance liver disease is liver
transplantaition
3-a patient with vasomotor symptoms would present by
vasomotor symptoms
4-billous vomiting is a spontaneous finding after gastric
operations
5- the TT of choice of localized small bowel lymphoma is
resection and chemotherapy
6- Stomach: Hyperplastic polyps
Small intestine: Adenomatous polyps
Colon: Adenomatous polyps
7- in rectal carcinoma the INV of choice in staging and
preoperative assessement is Rectal u/S
-ُ8ERCP is the best for chronic pancreatitis
9-TIPS used in patient with refractory ascities resistant to
medical TT
10-Carol’s disease is complicated with enteric fistula
11-congenital liver cyst is treated mainly by Aspiratinon
and sclerotherapy
12-observation is the primary TT in :1-rectus abdominaus
diaphysis
2-post traumatic colonic distention
13- Telangectasia or bleeing from vascular malformation
is usually diagnosed by exclusion either upper or lower
Mcq notes :
Key Points to Remember:
Hemobilia is caused by bleeding into the biliary tree and often results from
trauma, liver surgery, or vascular malformations.
The triad of symptoms includes right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, and
gastrointestinal bleeding (hematemesis or melena).
Transhepatic Cholangiogram (THC) is a valuable tool for diagnosing the
source of bleeding, particularly in cases where other imaging is inconclusive. It
can identify biliary duct injury or vascular lesions, guiding treatment like
embolization or surgery.
Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the bleeding, ranging from
observation and blood transfusion to surgical repair or embolization.
2- Most aortoenteric fistulas occur between the aorta and duodenum.
3- Key Differences in Treatment:
Localized Disease:
o Gastric lymphoma (especially MALT lymphoma) is often treated first
with H. pylori eradication and radiotherapy due to the localized nature
of the disease and the ability of radiation to precisely target the gastric
tumor.
o Small bowel lymphoma, however, is often treated first with surgery to
resect the tumor (if possible) because the disease tends to present with
obstruction or bleeding, requiring surgical intervention for immediate
relief.
Aggressiveness:
o Small bowel lymphoma (especially DLBCL) is usually more aggressive
and requires chemotherapy as a primary treatment, with surgery often
used to address complications like obstruction or perforation.
o Gastric lymphoma (especially MALT lymphoma) tends to be less
aggressive, and radiotherapy can be very effective, especially when the
disease is localized.
Summary:
Gastric lymphoma (MALT lymphoma): Radiotherapy is essential for
localized disease, often combined with H. pylori eradication. Chemotherapy is
used for more advanced forms, but surgery is rarely needed unless there are
complications.
Small bowel lymphoma (DLBCL): Surgery is the primary treatment to manage
obstruction or bleeding. Chemotherapy is the cornerstone for treatment, given
the more aggressive nature of small bowel lymphoma.
This distinction in treatment arises due to the different types of lymphoma, their
localization, and how they respond to different therapies. Let me know if you need
further clarification on any point!
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