Hayabusa

Hayabusa

An artist's rendering of Hayabusa above Itokawa's surface

Names Muses-C (before launch)

Mission sample return

type
Operator JAXA
COSPAR 2003-019A (https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-019A)
ID
SATCAT 27809
no.
Mission 7 years, 1 month and 4 days
duration

Spacecraft properties
Launch 510 kg[1]
mass
Dry mass 380 kg (840 lb)

Start of mission
Launch 04:29:25, 9 May 2003 (UTC)
date
Rocket M-V
Launch Uchinoura Space Center
site

End of mission
Disposal sample return capsule: recovered
spacecraft: ballistic reentry
Minerva and rover: lost contact
 Last Minerva: 12 November 2005
contact
Recovery sample capsule: 07:08, 14 June 2010
date
Decay spacecraft: 13 June 2010
date
Landing sample capsule: 13 June 2010 14:12 UT[2]
date
Landing near Woomera, Australia
site

Flyby of Earth
Closest 06:23, 19 May 2004
approach
Distance 3,725 km (2,315 mi)
Rendezvous with (25143) Itokawa
Arrival 12 September 2005, 1:17 UTC[3]
date
Departure December 2005
date
(25143) Itokawa lander
Landing 19 November 2005, 21:30 UTC
date
Return 19 November 2005, 21:58 UTC
launch
(25143) Itokawa lander
Landing 25 November 2005
date
Sample <1g
mass
Instruments
AMICA Asteroid Multiband Imaging Camera
LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging Instrument
NIRS Near-Infrared Spectrometer
XRS X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer

Hayabusa (Japanese: は や ぶ さ , "Peregrine falcon") was a robotic spacecraft developed by the Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to return a sample of material from a small near-Earth asteroid
named 25143 Itokawa to Earth for further analysis. Hayabusa, formerly known as MUSES-C for Mu
Space Engineering Spacecraft C, was launched on 9 May 2003 and rendezvoused with Itokawa in mid-
September 2005. After arriving at Itokawa, Hayabusa studied the asteroid's shape, spin, topography,
color, composition, density, and history. In November 2005, it landed on the asteroid and collected
samples in the form of tiny grains of asteroidal material, which were returned to Earth aboard the
spacecraft on 13 June 2010.

The spacecraft also carried a detachable minilander, MINERVA, which failed to reach the surface.

Mission firsts
NASA's Galileo and NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft had visited
asteroids before, but the Hayabusa mission was the first one to
return an asteroid sample to Earth for analysis.[4]

In addition, Hayabusa was the first spacecraft designed to

deliberately land on an asteroid and then take off again (NEAR
Shoemaker made a controlled descent to the surface of 433 Eros in
2000, but it was not designed as a lander and was eventually
deactivated after it arrived). Technically, Hayabusa was not Denis J. P. Moura (left) and
designed to "land"; it simply touches the surface with its sample Junichiro Kawaguchi (right) at the
capturing device and then moves away. However, it was the first 2010 International Astronautical
craft designed from the outset to make physical contact with the Congress (IAC)
surface of an asteroid. Junichiro Kawaguchi of the Institute of
Space and Astronautical Science was appointed to be the leader of
the mission.[5]

Despite its designer's intention for momentary contact, Hayabusa landed and sat on the asteroid surface
for about 30 minutes (see below).

Mission profile
The Hayabusa spacecraft was launched on 9 May 2003 at 04:29:25 UTC on an M-V rocket from the
Uchinoura Space Center (still called Kagoshima Space Center at that time). Following launch, the
spacecraft's name was changed from the original MUSES-C to Hayabusa, the Japanese word for falcon.
The spacecraft's xenon ion engines (four separate units), operating near-continuously for two years,
slowly moved Hayabusa toward a September 2005 rendezvous with Itokawa. As it arrived, the spacecraft
did not go into orbit around the asteroid, but remained in a station-keeping heliocentric orbit close by.

Hayabusa surveyed the asteroid surface from a distance of about 20 km (13.7 mi), the "gate position".
After this the spacecraft moved closer to the surface (the "home position"), and then approached the
asteroid for a series of soft landings and for the collection of samples at a safe site. Autonomous optical
navigation was employed extensively during this period because the long communication delay prohibits
Earth-based real-time commanding. At the second Hayabusa touched down with its deployable collection
horn, the spacecraft was programmed to fire tiny projectiles at the surface and then collect the resulting
spray. Some tiny specks were collected by the spacecraft for analysis back on Earth.
 After a few months in proximity to the asteroid, the spacecraft was
scheduled to fire its engines to begin its cruise back to Earth. This
maneuver was delayed due to problems with attitude control
(orientation) and the thrusters of the craft. Once it was on its
return trajectory, the re-entry capsule was released from the main
spacecraft three hours before reentry, and the capsule coasted on a
ballistic trajectory, re-entering the Earth's atmosphere at 13:51, 13
June 2010 UTC. It is estimated that the capsule experienced peak
The half-scale model of Hayabusa
deceleration of about 25 G and heating rates approximately 30
at the IAC in 2010 times those experienced by the Apollo spacecraft. It landed via
parachute near Woomera, Australia.

In relation to the mission profile, JAXA defined the following success criteria and corresponding scores
for major milestones in the mission prior to the launch of the Hayabusa spacecraft.[6] As it shows, the
Hayabusa spacecraft is a platform for testing new technology and the primary objective of the Hayabusa
project is the world's first implementation of microwave discharge ion engines. Hence 'operation of ion
engines for more than 1000 hours' is an achievement that gives a full score of 100 points, and the rest of
the milestones are a series of world's first-time experiments built on it.

Success criteria for Hayabusa Points Status

Operation of ion engines 50 points Success

Operation of ion engines for more than 1000 100

Success
hours points
150
Earth gravity assist with ion engines Success
points

Rendezvous with Itokawa with autonomous 200

Success
navigation points

250 The replica of the re-entry capsule

Scientific observation of Itokawa Success
points exhibited at JAXAi (closed on 28
December 2010)
275
Touch-down and sample collection Success
points

400
Capsule recovered Success
points
500
Sample obtained for analysis Success
points

MINERVA mini-lander
Hayabusa carried a tiny mini-lander (weighing only 591 g (20.8 oz), and approximately 10 cm (3.9 in)
tall by 12 cm (4.7 in) in diameter) named "MINERVA" (short for MIcro-Nano Experimental Robot Vehicle
for the Asteroid). An error during deployment resulted in the craft's failure.

This solar-powered vehicle was designed to take advantage of Itokawa's very low gravity by using an
internal flywheel assembly to hop across the surface of the asteroid, relaying images from its cameras to
Hayabusa whenever the two spacecraft were in sight of one another.[7]
MINERVA was deployed on 12 November 2005. The lander release command was sent from Earth, but
before the command could arrive, Hayabusa's altimeter measured its distance from Itokawa to be 44 m
(144 ft) and thus started an automatic altitude keeping sequence. As a result, when the MINERVA release
command arrived, MINERVA was released while the probe was ascending and at a higher altitude than
intended, so that it escaped Itokawa's gravitational pull and tumbled into space.[8][9]

Had it been successful, MINERVA would have been the first hopping space rover. The Soviet mission
Phobos 2 also encountered a malfunction while attempting to deploy a hopping rover.

Scientific and engineering importance of the mission

Scientists' understanding of asteroids depends greatly on meteorite samples, but it is very difficult to
match up meteorite samples with the exact asteroids from which they came. Hayabusa helped solve this
problem by bringing back pristine samples from a specific, well-characterized asteroid. Hayabusa
bridged the gap between ground observation data of asteroids and laboratory analysis of meteorite and
cosmic dust collections.[10] Also comparing the data from the onboard instruments of the Hayabusa with
the data from the NEAR Shoemaker mission will put the knowledge on a wider level.

The Hayabusa mission has a very deep engineering importance for JAXA, too. It allowed JAXA to
further test its technologies in the fields of ion engines, autonomous and optical navigation, deep space
communication, and close movement on objects with low gravity among others. Second, since it was the
first-ever preplanned soft contact with the surface of an asteroid (the NEAR Shoemaker landing on 433
Eros was not preplanned) it has enormous influence on further asteroid missions.

Changes in mission plan

The Hayabusa mission profile was modified several times, both before and after launch.

The spacecraft was originally intended to launch in July 2002 to the asteroid 4660 Nereus
(the asteroid (10302) 1989 ML was considered as an alternative target). However, a July
2000 failure of Japan's M-5 rocket forced a delay in the launch, putting both Nereus and
1989 ML out of reach. As a result, the target asteroid was changed to 1998 SF36, which was
soon thereafter named for Japanese rocket pioneer Hideo Itokawa.[11]
Hayabusa was to deploy a small rover supplied by NASA and developed by JPL, called
Muses-CN, onto the surface of the asteroid, but the rover was canceled by NASA in
November 2000 due to budget constraints.
In 2002, launch was postponed from December 2002 to May 2003 to recheck the O-rings of
its reaction control system since one of them had been found to be using a different material
than specified.[12]
In 2003, while Hayabusa was en route to Itokawa, the largest solar flare recorded in
history[13] damaged the solar cells aboard the spacecraft. This reduction in electrical power
reduced the efficiency of the ion engines, thus delaying the arrival at Itokawa from June to
September 2005. Since orbital mechanics dictated that the spacecraft still had to leave the
asteroid by November 2005, the amount of time it was able to spend at Itokawa was greatly
reduced and the number of landings on the asteroid was reduced from three to two.
In 2005, two reaction wheels that govern the attitude movement of Hayabusa failed; the X-
axis wheel failed on 31 July, and the Y-axis on 2 October. After the latter failure, the
 spacecraft was still able to turn on its X and Y axes with its thrusters. JAXA claimed that
since global mapping of Itokawa had been completed, this was not a major problem, but the
mission plan was altered. The failed reaction wheels were manufactured by Ithaco Space
Systems, Inc, New York, which was later acquired by Goodrich Company.
The 4 November 2005, 'rehearsal' landing on Itokawa failed, and was rescheduled.
The original decision to sample two different sites on the asteroid was changed when one of
the sites, Woomera Desert, was found to be too rocky for a safe landing.
The 12 November 2005, release of the MINERVA miniprobe ended in failure.

Mission timeline

Up to the launch
The asteroid exploration mission by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) originated in
1986–1987 when the scientists investigated the feasibility of a sample return mission to Anteros and
concluded that the technology was not yet developed.[14] Between 1987 and 1994, joint ISAS / NASA
group studied several missions: an asteroid rendezvous mission later became NEAR, and a comet sample
return mission later became Stardust.[15]

In 1995, ISAS selected asteroid sample return as an engineering demonstration mission, MUSES-C, and
the MUSES-C project started in fiscal year 1996. Asteroid Nereus was the first choice of target, 1989 ML
was the secondary choice. In early development phase, Nereus was considered out of reach and 1989 ML
became the primary target.[16] A launch failure of M-V in July 2000 forced MUSES-C's launch to be
delayed from July 2002 to November/December, putting both Nereus and 1989 ML out of reach. As a
result, the target asteroid was changed to 1998 SF36.[17] In 2002, launch was postponed from December
2002 to May 2003 to recheck O-rings of reaction control system since one of it was found using different
material than specified.[12] On 9 May 2003 04:29:25 UTC, MUSES-C was launched by an M-V rocket,
and the probe was named "Hayabusa".

Cruising
Ion thruster checkout started on 27 May 2003. Full power operation started on 25 June.

Asteroids are named by their discoverer. ISAS asked LINEAR, the discoverer of 1998 SF36, to offer the
name after Hideo Itokawa, and on 6 August, Minor Planet Circular reported that the target asteroid
1998 SF36 was named Itokawa.[18][19]

In October 2003, ISAS and two other national aerospace agencies in Japan were merged to form JAXA.

On 31 March 2004, ion thruster operation was stopped to prepare for the Earth swing-by.[20] Last
maneuver operation before swing-by on 12 May.[21] On 19 May, Hayabusa performed Earth swing-
by.[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] On 27 May, ion thruster operation was started again.[29]

On 18 February 2005, Hayabusa passed aphelion at 1.7 AU.[30] On 31 July, the X-axis reaction wheel
failed. On 14 August, Hayabusa's first image of Itokawa was released. The picture was taken by the star
tracker and shows a point of light, believed to be the asteroid, moving across the starfield.[31] Other
images were taken from 22 to 24 August.[32] On 28 August, Hayabusa was switched over from the ion
engines to the bi-propellant thrusters for orbital maneuvering. From 4 September, Hayabusa's cameras
were able to confirm Itokawa's elongated shape.[33] From 11 September, individual hills were discerned
on the asteroid.[34] On 12 September, Hayabusa was 20 km (12 mi) from Itokawa and JAXA scientists
announced that Hayabusa had officially "arrived".[3]

In proximity of Itokawa
On 15 September 2005, a 'color' image of the asteroid was released (which is, however, grey in
coloring).[35] On 4 October, JAXA announced that the spacecraft had successfully moved to its 'Home
Position' 7 km from Itokawa. Closeup pictures were released. It was also announced that the spacecraft's
second reaction wheel, governing the Y-axis, had failed, and that the craft was now being pointed by its
rotation thrusters.[36] On 3 November, Hayabusa took station 3.0 km from Itokawa. It then began its
descent, planned to include delivery of a target marker, and release of the Minerva minilander. The
descent went well initially, and navigation images with wide-angle cameras were obtained. However, at
01:50 UTC (10:50 am JST) on 4 November, it was announced that due to a detection of an anomalous
signal at the Go/NoGo decision, the descent, including release of Minerva and the target marker had been
canceled. The project manager, Junichiro Kawaguchi, explained that the optical navigation system was
not tracking the asteroid very well, probably caused by the complex shape of Itokawa. A delay of a few
days was required to evaluate the situation and reschedule.[37][38]

On 7 November, Hayabusa was 7.5 km from Itokawa. On 9 November, Hayabusa performed a descent to
70 m to test the landing navigation and the laser altimeter. After that, Hayabusa backed off to a higher
position, then descended again to 500 m and released one of the target markers into space to test the
craft's ability to track it (this was confirmed). From analysis of the closeup images, the Woomera Desert
site (Point B) was found to be too rocky to be suitable for landing. The Muses Sea site (Point A) was
selected as the landing site, for both first and, if possible, second landings.[39]

On 12 November, Hayabusa closed in to 55 m from the asteroid's surface. MINERVA was released but
due to an error failed to reach the surface. On 19 November, Hayabusa landed on the asteroid. There was
considerable confusion during and after the maneuver about precisely what had happened, because the
high-gain antenna of the probe could not be used during final phase of touch-down, as well as the
blackout during handover of ground station antenna from DSN to Usuda station. It was initially reported
that Hayabusa had stopped at approximately 10 meters from the surface, hovering for 30 minutes for
unknown reasons. Ground control sent a command to abort and ascend, and by the time the
communication was regained, the probe had moved 100 km away from the asteroid. The probe had
entered into a safe mode, slowly spinning to stabilize attitude control.[40][41] However, after regaining
control and communication with the probe, the data from the landing attempt were downloaded and
analyzed, and on 23 November, JAXA announced that the probe had indeed landed on the asteroid's
surface.[42] Unfortunately, the sampling sequence was not triggered since a sensor detected an obstacle
during descent; the probe tried to abort the landing, but since its orientation was not appropriate for
ascent, it chose instead a safe descent mode. This mode did not permit a sample to be taken, but there is a
high probability that some dust may have whirled up into the sampling horn when it touched the asteroid,
so the sample canister attached to the sampling horn was sealed.

On 25 November, a second touchdown attempt was performed. It was initially thought that this time, the
sampling device was activated;[43] however, later analysis decided that this was probably another failure
and that no pellets were fired.[44] Due to a leak in the thruster system, the probe was put in a "safe hold
mode".[45]

On 27 November, the probe experienced a power outage when trying to reorient the spacecraft, probably
due to a fuel leakage. On 30 November, JAXA announced that control and communication with
Hayabusa had been restored, but a problem remained with the craft's reaction control system, perhaps
involving a frozen pipe. Mission control was working to resolve the problem before the craft's upcoming
launch window for return to Earth.[46] On 2 December, an attitude (orientation) correction was attempted,
but the thruster did not generate enough force. On 3 December, the probe's Z-axis was found to be 20 to
30 degrees from the Sun direction and increasing. On 4 December, as an emergency measure, xenon
propellant from the ion engines was blown to correct the spin, and it was confirmed successful. On 5
December, attitude control was corrected enough to regain communication through the medium gain
antenna. Telemetry was obtained and analyzed. As the result of telemetry analysis, it was found that there
was a strong possibility that the sampler projectile had not penetrated when it landed on 25 November.
Due to the power outage, the telemetry log data was faulty. On 6 December, Hayabusa was 550 km from
Itokawa. JAXA held a press conference about the situation so far.[47][48]

On 8 December, a sudden orientation change was observed, and communication with Hayabusa was lost.
It was thought likely that the turbulence was caused by evaporation of 8 or 10cc of leaked fuel. This
forced a wait of a month or two for Hayabusa to stabilize by conversion of precession to pure rotation,
after which the rotation axis needed to be directed toward the Sun and Earth within a specific angular
range. The probability of achieving this was estimated at 60% by December 2006, 70% by spring
2007.[49][50]

Recovery and return to Earth

On 7 March 2006, JAXA announced[51][52] that communication
with Hayabusa had been recovered in the following stages: On 23
January, the beacon signal from the probe was detected. On 26
January, the probe responded to commands from ground control
by changing the beacon signal. On 6 February, an ejection of
xenon propellant was commanded for attitude control to improve
communication. The spin axis change rate was about two degrees
per day. On 25 February, telemetry data was obtained through the
low-gain antenna. On 4 March, telemetry data was obtained Animation of Hayabusa 's trajectory
through the medium-gain antenna. On 6 March, Hayabusa's returning from Itokawa to Earth.
position was established at about 13,000 km ahead of Itokawa in Hayabusa Itokawa ·
its orbit with a relative speed of 3 m per second. Earth · Sun

On 1 June, Hayabusa project manager Junichiro Kawaguchi

reported[53] that they confirmed two out of four ion engines were working normally, which would have
been sufficient for the return journey. On 30 January 2007, JAXA reported that 7 out of 11 batteries were
working and the return capsule was sealed.[54] On 25 April, JAXA reported that Hayabusa started the
return journey.[55][56] On 29 August, it was announced that Ion Engine C onboard Hayabusa, in addition
to B and D, had been successfully re-ignited.[57] On 29 October, JAXA reported that the first phase of
trajectory maneuver operation had finished and the spacecraft was now put in a spin-stabilized state.[58]
On 4 February 2009, JAXA reported success in reignition of the ion engines and starting the second phase
of the trajectory correction maneuver to return to Earth.[59] On 4 November 2009, the ion engine D
automatically stopped working due to an anomaly from degradation.[60]

On 19 November 2009, JAXA announced that they managed to combine the ion generator of ion engine
B and the neutralizer of ion engine A.[61] It was suboptimal but expected to be sufficient to generate the
necessary delta-v. Out of 2,200 m/s delta-v necessary to return to the Earth, about 2,000 m/s had been
performed already, and about 200 m/s were still necessary.[62] On 5 March 2010, Hayabusa was on a
trajectory that would have passed within the lunar orbit. Ion engine operation was suspended to measure
the precise trajectory in preparation to perform Trajectory Correction Maneuver 1 to the Earth-rim
trajectory.[63][64] On 27 March, 06:17 UTC, Hayabusa was on a trajectory which would pass 20,000 km
from Earth center, completing the orbit transfer operation from Itokawa to Earth.[65] By 6 April, the first
stage of Trajectory Correction Maneuver (TCM-0) which led to a rough Earth rim trajectory was
completed. It was planned to be 60 days until reentry.[66][67][68][69] By 4 May, the probe completed its
TCM-1 maneuver to align precisely to the Earth rim trajectory.[70] On 22 May, TCM-2 started, continued
for about 92.5 hours, and finished on 26 May.[71] It was followed by TCM-3 from 3 through 5 June to
change the trajectory from the Earth rim to Woomera, South Australia,[72][73] TCM-4 was performed on 9
June for about 2.5 hours for a precision descent to Woomera Prohibited Area.[74]

The reentry capsule was released at 10:51 UTC on 13 June.

Reentry and capsule retrieval

The reentry capsule and the spacecraft reentered Earth's
atmosphere on 13 June 2010 at 13:51 UTC (23:21 local).[75] The
heat-shielded capsule made a parachute landing in the South
Australian outback while the spacecraft broke up and incinerated
The glowing return capsule is seen
in a large fireball.[76] forward of and below the parent
Hayabusa probe bus as the latter
An international team of scientists observed the 12.2 km/s entry of
breaks up.
the capsule from 11.9 km (39,000 ft) on board NASA's DC-8
airborne laboratory, using a wide array of imaging and
spectrographic cameras to measure the physical conditions during atmospheric reentry in a mission led by
NASA's Ames Research Center, with Peter Jenniskens of the SETI Institute as the project scientist.[77][78]

Since the reaction control system no longer functioned, the 510 kilograms (1,120 lb) space probe re-
entered the Earth's atmosphere similar to the approach of an asteroid along with the sample re-entry
capsule, and, as mission scientists expected, the majority of the spacecraft disintegrated upon entry.[79]

The return capsule was predicted to land in a 20 km by 200 km area in the Woomera Prohibited Area,
South Australia. Four ground teams surrounded this area and located the re-entry capsule by optical
observation and a radio beacon. Then a team on board a helicopter was dispatched. They located the
capsule and recorded its position with GPS. The capsule was successfully retrieved at 07:08 UTC (16:38
local) of 14 June 2010.[80] The two parts of the heat shield, which were jettisoned during the descent,
were also found.[81]
 After confirming that the
explosive devices used for
parachute deployment were
safe, the capsule was
packed inside a double
layer of plastic bags filled Hayabusa re-entry filmed by a
with pure nitrogen gas to camera onboard NASA's DC-8
Airborne Laboratory. The glowing
The re-entry seen from the reduce the risk of
return capsule is seen forward of
Woomera Test Range contamination. The soil at
and below the main Hayabusa
the landing site was also probe bus as the latter breaks up.
sampled for reference in The heat-shielded capsule
case of contamination. Then the capsule was put inside a cargo continues leaving a wake after the
container which had air suspension to keep the capsule below 1.5 main bus fragments have faded.
G shock during transportation.[82] The capsule and its heat shield (Close-up video)
parts were transported to Japan by a chartered plane and arrived at
the curation facility at the JAXA/ISAS Sagamihara Campus on 18
June.[83]

A Tokyo Metropolitan Government adviser and former lieutenant general, Toshiyuki Shikata, claimed
that part of the rationale for the reentry and landing part of the mission was to demonstrate "that Japan's
ballistic missile capability is credible."[84]

Scientific study of samples

Before the capsule was extracted from the protecting plastic bag, it was inspected using X-ray CT to
determine its condition. Then the sample canister was extracted from the reentry capsule. The surface of
the canister was cleaned using pure nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide; it was then placed in the canister
opening device. The internal pressure of the canister was determined by a slight deformation of the
canister as the pressure of the environment nitrogen gas in the clean chamber was varied. The nitrogen
gas pressure was then adjusted to match the internal canister pressure to prevent the escape of any gas
from the sample upon the opening of the canister.[85]

Confirmation of asteroid particles

On 16 November 2010, JAXA confirmed that most of the particles found in one of two compartments
inside the Hayabusa sample return capsule came from Itokawa.[86] Analysis with a scanning electron
microscope identified about 1,500 grains of rocky particles, according to the JAXA press release.[87]
After further studying the analysis results and comparison of mineral compositions, most of them were
judged to be of extraterrestrial origin, and definitely from the asteroid Itokawa.[88]

According to Japanese scientists, the composition of Hayabusa's samples was more similar to meteorites
than known rocks from Earth. Their size is mostly less than 10 micrometers.[89] The material matches
chemical maps of Itokawa from Hayabusa's remote sensing instruments. The researchers found
concentrations of olivine and pyroxene in the Hayabusa samples.
Further study of the samples had to wait until 2011 because researchers were still developing special
handling procedures to avoid contaminating the particles during the next phase of research.

In 2013 JAXA announced that 1500 extraterrestrial grains had been recovered, comprising the minerals
olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase and iron sulfide. The grains were about 10 micrometers in size.[90] JAXA
performed detailed analyses of the samples by splitting particles and examining their crystal structure at
SPring-8.[91]

Results
The 26 August 2011 issue of Science devoted six articles to findings based on dust collected by
Hayabusa.[92] Scientists' analysis of the dust from Itokawa suggested that it had probably originally been
part of a larger asteroid. Dust collected from the asteroid surface was believed to have been exposed there
for about eight million years.[92]

Dust from Itokawa was found to be "identical to material that makes up meteorites."[92] Itokawa is an S-
type asteroid whose composition matches that of an LL chondrite.[93]

In popular culture
In Japan, rival film companies announced the production of three different feature length theatrical films
based on the story of Hayabusa, one of which, Hayabusa: Harukanaru Kikan (2012), starred Ken
Watanabe.[94][95]

The Lego construction toy company released a model of Hayabusa through their Cuusoo website.[96]

Many references to Hayabusa appear in the Japanese series Kamen Rider Fourze, a space-themed
tokusatsu series.

See also

Spaceflight portal

Hayabusa2 – Japanese space mission to asteroid Ryugu

OSIRIS-REx – NASA asteroid sample return mission (2016 to 2023)
Timeline of Solar System exploration

References
1. "Hayabusa" (https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa/in-depth/). NASA's Solar
System Exploration website. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
2. "Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration" (https://www.nasa.gov/connect/ebo
oks/beyond_earth_detail.html). 20 September 2018.
 3. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (12 September 2005). "Hayabusa arrives Itokawa /
Topics" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110515154002/http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2005/0
912.shtml). ISAS. Archived from the original (http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2005/0912.shtm
l) on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
4. Amos, Jonathan (14 June 2010). "Hayabusa asteroid-sample capsule recovered in
Outback" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10307048). BBC News. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
5. "Two-Way Asteroid Trip Takes Off" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210225062543/https://ww
w.astrobio.net/meteoritescomets-and-asteroids/two-way-asteroid-trip-takes-off/).
Astrobiology Magazine. NASA. 12 May 2003. Archived from the original on 25 February
2021. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
6. "Hot Information HAYABUSA: Resumption of return cruise by combining two ion engines" (ht
tps://web.archive.org/web/20140413142848/http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/jaxas/pdf/jaxatoday002_p.
pdf) (PDF). JAXA. 24 November 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/e
nterp/missions/hayabusa/today.shtml) on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
7. T. Yoshimitsu; S. Sasaki; M. Yanagisawa; T. Kubota (2004). "Scientific capability of Minerva
rover in Hayabusa asteroid mission" (http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2004/pdf/1517.pd
f) (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science. 35: 1517–1518.
8. Oberg, James (14 November 2005). "Asteroid-hopping robot misses its mark" (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20140813071839/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/10013920/). NBC News.
Archived from the original (http://www.nbcnews.com/id/10013920) on 13 August 2014.
Retrieved 7 March 2009.
9. "分離後の「ミネルバ」が「はやぶさ」を撮影" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2005/1113.s
html). JAXA. 13 November 2005. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
10. "Japan's asteroid archaeologist", Sky and Telescope, June 2005, pp. 34–37
11. "Japan's Hayabusa [MUSES-C] Swings By Earth on Way to Asteroid Itokawa – Planetary
News | The Planetary Society" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101128123442/http://planetar
y.org/news/2004/0520_Japans_Hayabusa_MUSESC_Swings_By.html). Planetary.org. 20
May 2004. Archived from the original (http://www.planetary.org/news/2004/0520_Japans_Ha
yabusa_MUSESC_Swings_By.html) on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
12. Kuninori Uesugi (October 2010). "MUSES-C 打ち上げ延期" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/ISASne
ws/No.259/isas.html#muses-c). ISAS News (259). ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
13. Ten times the solar system reminded us sample collection is hard (http://www.planetary.org/
blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2018/0219-10-times-sample-collection.html). Emily Lakdawalla, The
Planetary Society. 24 February 2018.
14. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (9 May 2003). "HAYABUSA: Research in the Asteroid
'Sample & Return' Explorer, "HAYABUSA" / Special Feature" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/speci
al/2003/kawaguchi/index.shtml). ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
15. "Stardust | JPL | NASA" (https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/science/details.html#histinvest).
Stardust.jpl.nasa.gov. 21 October 1994. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
16. "MUSES-Cの大いなる挑戦〜世界初の小惑星サンプルリターンへ向けて〜" (http://www.min
orbody.org/yuseijin/interview/interview04.html) [Great Challenges in MUSES-C: The World's
first sample-return mission from an asteroid]. Planetary People (in Japanese). 11 (2).
Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences. 2002.
17. "M-V事情 2000.9 No.234" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/ISASnews/No.234/m-v.html). Isas.jaxa.jp.
Retrieved 14 June 2010.
18. "MIT's LINEAR asteroid named for Japan's 'Dr. Rocket' " (http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/200
3/asteroids2.html). MIT. 29 September 2003. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
19. The Minor Planet Circulars/Minor Planets and Comets (https://web.archive.org/web/201107
25081240/http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2003/MPC_20030806.pd
f) (PDF) (Report). Minor Planet Center. 6 August 2003. ISSN 0736-6884 (https://search.worl
dcat.org/issn/0736-6884). Archived from the original (http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/E
CS/MPCArchive/2003/MPC_20030806.pdf) (PDF) on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 27 November
2009.
20. 宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. "はやぶさの現状と今後の予定 / トピック
ス" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0420.shtml). ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
21. 宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. "「はやぶさ」地球スウィングバイに向け
た軌道微調整終了 / トピックス" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0512.shtml). ISAS.
Retrieved 14 June 2010.
22. 宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. "「はやぶさ」地球と月の撮影に成功！ /
トピックス" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0518.shtml). ISAS. Retrieved 14 June
2010.
23. 宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. "「はやぶさ」地球撮影。大西洋中心にく
っきり！ / トピックス" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0519.shtml). ISAS. Retrieved
14 June 2010.
24. 宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. "「はやぶさ」が撮影した地球（アニメー
ション） / トピックス" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0519_gif.shtml). ISAS.
Retrieved 14 June 2010.
25. 宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. "「はやぶさ」の地球スウィングバイ
（CGアニメーション） / トピックス" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0520.shtml).
ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
26. 宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. "地球最接近直前の「はやぶさ」が撮影し
た日本上空付近の画像 / トピックス" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0520_3.shtml).
ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
27. 宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. "地球スイングバイ後の「はやぶさ」から
撮影した地球 / トピックス" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0520_2.shtml). ISAS.
Retrieved 14 June 2010.
28. 宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. "「はやぶさ」地球スウィングバイ成功確
認！ / トピックス" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0524.shtml). ISAS. Retrieved
14 June 2010.
29. 宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. "「はやぶさ」イオンエンジン本格的に再
稼動 / トピックス" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2004/0621.shtml). ISAS. Retrieved
14 June 2010.
30. 宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. "「はやぶさ」遠日点通過！〜太陽から史
上最も離れた電気推進ロケット〜 / トピックス" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/snews/2005/0309.
shtml). ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
31. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (15 August 2005). "Hayabusa performed the Star
Tracker imaging of Itokawa! / Topics" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2005/0815_hayabusa.
shtml). ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
32. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (26 August 2005). "Hayabusa's navigation camera
photographed the "Itokawa" / Topics" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2005/0826.shtml).
ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
33. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (5 September 2005). "Hayabusa successfully
captured Itokawa Shape for the first time in Space / Topics" (https://web.archive.org/web/20
110613040345/http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2005/0905.shtml). ISAS. Archived from the
original (http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2005/0905.shtml) on 13 June 2011. Retrieved
14 June 2010.
34. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (11 September 2005). "Itokawa Image on September
10 / Topics" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110613040351/http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/20
05/0911.shtml). ISAS. Archived from the original (http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2005/0911.s
html) on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
35. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (14 September 2005). "The synthesized pseudo-color
image of Itokawa which took by Hayabusa / Topics" (https://web.archive.org/web/201106130
40426/http://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2005/0914.shtml). ISAS. Archived from the original (htt
p://www.isas.ac.jp/e/snews/2005/0914.shtml) on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
36. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (4 October 2005). "Hayabusa arrives at Home
Position, and Current Status of Hayabusa Spacecraft / Topics" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/sne
ws/2005/1004.shtml). ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
37. in はやぶさリンク, 宇宙開発. "「はやぶさリンク」：11/4降下リハーサル中止の記者会見: 松
浦晋也のL/D" (http://smatsu.air-nifty.com/lbyd/2005/11/114_7a7a.html). Smatsu.air-
nifty.com. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
38. "Hayabusa: JAXA Regrouping for Touch-Down Landings on Asteroid – Planetary News | The
Planetary Society" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111121004649/http://www.planetary.org/n
ews/2005/1108_Hayabusa_JAXA_Regrouping_for.html). Planetary.org. Archived from the
original (http://www.planetary.org/news/2005/1108_Hayabusa_JAXA_Regrouping_for.html)
on 21 November 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
39. "JAXA｜「はやぶさ」のリハーサル降下再試験について" (http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2005/11/
20051110_hayabusa_j.html). Jaxa.jp. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
40. "Hayabusa Does Not Land on Asteroid in First Attempt, But Successfully Delivers Target
Marker – Planetary News | The Planetary Society" (https://web.archive.org/web/2011062123
1644/http://planetary.org/news/2005/1121_Hayabusa_Does_Not_Land_on_Asteroid_in.htm
l). Planetary.org. Archived from the original (http://planetary.org/news/2005/1121_Hayabusa
_Does_Not_Land_on_Asteroid_in.html) on 21 June 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
41. 2005.11.20 in Hayabusa (20 November 2005). "Fate of Hayabusa: 5thstar_管理人_日記" (ht
tp://5thstar.air-nifty.com/blog/2005/11/fate_of_hayabus.html). 5thstar.air-nifty.com. Retrieved
14 June 2010.
42. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. "Hayabusa Landed on and Took Off from Itokawa
successfully – Detailed Analysis Revealed / Topics" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2005/1
124_hayabusa.shtml). ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
43. "Japan probe 'almost certainly' collected first-ever asteroid samples" (http://www.spacedaily.
com/2005/051126064812.zgtr2p1v.html). Spacedaily.com. 26 November 2005. Retrieved
14 June 2010.
44. "Space news and outer space articles from New Scientist – New Scientist Space – New
Scientist" (https://archive.today/20090418001916/http://www.newscientistspace.com/article.
ns?id=dn8868&feedId=online-news_rss20). New Scientist Space. Archived from the original
(http://www.newscientistspace.com/article.ns?id=dn8868&feedId=online-news_rss20) on 18
April 2009. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
45. in はやぶさリンク. "[HAYABUSA link] The press conference at 16:00 JST 26th: 松浦晋也の
L/D" (http://smatsu.air-nifty.com/lbyd/2005/11/hayabusa_link_t_1.html). Smatsu.air-
nifty.com. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
46. "Hayabusa: Team Re-Establishes Command and Works to Bring its Falcon Home –
Planetary News | The Planetary Society" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100430075456/htt
p://www.planetary.org/news/2005/1130_Hayabusa_Team_ReEstablishes_Command.html).
Planetary.org. Archived from the original (http://www.planetary.org/news/2005/1130_Hayabu
sa_Team_ReEstablishes_Command.html) on 30 April 2010. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
47. 宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. "「はやぶさ」探査機の状況について / ト
ピックス" (http://www.isas.ac.jp/j/snews/2005/1207.shtml). ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
48. in はやぶさリンク. "[HAYABUSA link]: Press Conference at 16:50 on 7th Dec. JST: 松浦晋
也のL/D" (http://smatsu.air-nifty.com/lbyd/2005/12/hayabusa_link_p.html). Smatsu.air-
nifty.com. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
49. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (14 December 2005). "Status of the Hayabusa /
Topics" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2005/1214.shtml). ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
50. in はやぶさリンク. "[Hayabusa link]: Press Conference on 14th Dec.: 松浦晋也のL/D" (htt
p://smatsu.air-nifty.com/lbyd/2005/12/press_conferenc.html). Smatsu.air-nifty.com.
Retrieved 14 June 2010.
51. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. "Current Status of Hayabusa Spacecraft –
Communication and Operation Resumption / Topics" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2006/
0308.shtml). ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
52. in はやぶさリンク. "本日午後7時からの記者会見: 松浦晋也のL/D" (http://smatsu.air-nifty.co
m/lbyd/2006/03/7_8c16.html). Smatsu.air-nifty.com. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
53. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (1 June 2006). "Recent Status of Hayabusa
spacecraft as of the end of May, 2006 / Topics" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2006/0601.
shtml). ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
54. Jun'ichiro Kawaguchi (2007). "「はやぶさ」の現状" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/ISASnews/No.3
13/ISASnews313.pdf) [Status of Hayabusa] (PDF). ISAS News (314). JAXA. ISSN 0285-
2861 (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0285-2861).
55. 宇宙航空研究開発機構（JAXA）宇宙科学研究所. "「はやぶさ」地球帰還に向けた本格巡航
運転開始! / トピックス" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/topics/topics/2007/0425.shtml). ISAS.
Retrieved 14 June 2010.
56. "Hayabusa leaves for Earth" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/topics/2007/0501.shtml). JAXA. 1
May 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
57. "Hayabusa project top" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110517050315/http://www.hayabusa.
isas.jaxa.jp/e/index_54.html). Hayabusa.isas.jaxa.jp. 28 July 2007. Archived from the
original (http://www.hayabusa.isas.jaxa.jp/e/index_54.html) on 17 May 2011. Retrieved
14 June 2010.
58. "Hayabusa Finished First Leg of Orbit Maneuver toward Earth" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/top
ics/2007/1029.shtml). 29 October 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
59. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (4 February 2009). "HAYABUSA: Firing ion engine
and starting second phase orbit maneuver to return to Earth / Topics" (http://www.isas.jaxa.j
p/e/topics/2009/0204.shtml). ISAS. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
60. "Asteroid Explorer "HAYABUSA" Ion Engine Anomaly" (https://web.archive.org/web/2009112
3184649/http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2009/11/20091109_hayabusa_e.html) (Press release).
JAXA. 9 November 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2009/11/2009
1109_hayabusa_e.html) on 23 November 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
61. "Restoration of Asteroid Explorer, HAYABUSA's Return Cruise" (https://web.archive.org/web/
20091123100227/http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2009/11/20091119_hayabusa_e.html) (Press
release). JAXA. 19 November 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.jaxa.jp/press/200
9/11/20091119_hayabusa_e.html) on 23 November 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
62. Shinya Matsuura (19 November 2009). "はやぶさリンク：はやぶさ、帰還に向けてイオン
エンジン再起動" (http://smatsu.air-nifty.com/lbyd/2009/11/post-1cd1.html). Retrieved
23 November 2009.
63. 小惑星探査機「はやぶさ」 (https://web.archive.org/web/20100316200104/http://www.jspec.
jaxa.jp/activity/hayabusa.html) (in Japanese). 10 March 2010. Archived from the original (htt
p://www.jspec.jaxa.jp/activity/hayabusa.html) on 16 March 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
64. 軌道情報 (https://web.archive.org/web/20110616022704/http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/j/enterp/mis
sions/hayabusa/trj.shtml) (in Japanese). 5 March 2010. Archived from the original (http://ww
w.isas.jaxa.jp/j/enterp/missions/hayabusa/trj.shtml) on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 26 March
2010.
65. 小惑星探査機「はやぶさ」搭載イオンエンジンの連続運転による軌道制御の終了について
(http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2010/03/20100327_hayabusa_j.html) (in Japanese). JAXA. 27
March 2010. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
66. 小惑星探査機「はやぶさ」搭載カプセルの地球帰還について (http://www.jaxa.jp/press/201
0/04/20100421_hayabusa_j.html) [Regarding the Arrival of Return Capsule of the Asteroid
Probe "Hayabusa"] (in Japanese). JAXA. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
67. Jun'ichiro Kawaguchi (12 April 2010). 軌道情報 (https://web.archive.org/web/201003271427
21/http://www.isas.ac.jp/j/enterp/missions/hayabusa/today.shtml) (in Japanese). JAXA.
Archived from the original (http://www.isas.ac.jp/j/enterp/missions/hayabusa/today.shtml) on
27 March 2010. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
68. 本日より (http://ameblo.jp/hayakawa-moon/entry-10501923176.html) (in Japanese). 6 April
2010. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
69. JAXA Space Exploration Center (31 March 2010). 「はやぶさ」試料回収カプセルの再突入
に係る計画について (http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2010/03/20100331_sac_hayabusa.pdf) (PDF)
(in Japanese). Retrieved 31 March 2010.
70. "TCM-1 operation was successfully completed" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/hayabusa-liv
e/?itemid=413). 4 May 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
71. "Hayabusa Live Archive" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/hayabusa-live/?blogid=6&archive=20
10-05). Retrieved 27 May 2010.
72. "TCM-3 operation started, shift the target from Earth's outer rim to WPA" (http://www.isas.jax
a.jp/home/hayabusa-live/?itemid=533). 3 June 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
73. "TCM-3 operation completed, shift the target from Earth's outer rim to WPA" (http://www.isa
s.jaxa.jp/home/hayabusa-live/?itemid=548). 5 June 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
74. "TCM-4 operation completed, precise guidance to WPA" (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/haya
busa-live/?itemid=563). 9 June 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
75. Mission Accomplished For Japan's Asteroid Explorer Hayabusa (http://indyposted.com/2701
4/mission-accomplished-for-japans-asteroid-explorer-hayabusa/) Archived (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20100616232222/http://indyposted.com/27014/mission-accomplished-for-japans
-asteroid-explorer-hayabusa/) 16 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine
76. "Space Probe, Perhaps with a Chunk of Asteroid, Returns to Earth Sunday" (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20100616062115/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/hayabusa-asteroid-p
robe-landing-preview-100613.html). Space.com. 13 June 2010. Archived from the original (h
ttp://www.space.com/missionlaunches/hayabusa-asteroid-probe-landing-preview-100613.ht
ml) on 16 June 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
77. "Hayabusa Re-Entry airborne observing campaign" (https://web.archive.org/web/201006281
45257/http://airborne.seti.org/hayabusa/). The SETI Institute. Archived from the original (htt
p://airborne.seti.org/hayabusa/) on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
78. "NASA Team Captures Hayabusa Spacecraft Reentry" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
gfYA4f-AIL0). NASA. 14 June 2010. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
79. Ryall, Julian (11 June 2009). "Asteroid Probe Set to "Collide" With Earth" (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20090614040332/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/06/090611-aste
roid-collision-hayabusa.html). National Geographic. Archived from the original (http://news.n
ationalgeographic.com/news/2009/06/090611-asteroid-collision-hayabusa.html) on 14 June
2009. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
80. "Retrieving the Capsule completed" (http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2010/06/20100614_hayabusa
5_e.html). JAXA. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
81. Jonathan Amos (14 June 2010). "Hayabusa asteroid-sample capsule recovered in Outback"
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/science_and_environment/10307048.stm). BBC News. Retrieved
14 June 2010.
82. はやぶさ回収ボックス (https://web.archive.org/web/20170707174451/http://mrd-matsuda.c
o.jp/jaxa.html) (in Japanese). Matsuda R&D Co. Archived from the original (http://www.mrd-
matsuda.co.jp/jaxa.html) on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
83. "HAYABUSA Capsule Arrived at JAXA Sagamihara Campus" (http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2010/
06/20100618_hayabusa_e.html). JAXA. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
84. Chester Dawson (28 October 2011). "In Japan, Provocative Case for Staying Nuclear" (http
s://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203658804576638392537430156). Wall
Street Journal. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
85. "JAXA's 032" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110617054922/http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/jaxas/pdf/j
axas032.pdf) (PDF) (in Japanese). JAXA. Archived from the original (http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/ja
xas/pdf/jaxas032.pdf) (PDF) on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
86. "Identification of origin of particles brought back by Hayabusa" (http://www.jaxa.jp/press/201
0/11/20101116_hayabusa_e.html). JAXA. 16 November 2010. Retrieved 16 November
2010.
87. Stephen Clark (17 November 2010). "Japan says Hayabusa brought back asteroid grains"
(http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1011/16hayabusa/). Spaceflight Now. Retrieved
17 November 2010.
88. Dennis Normile (16 November 2010). "Spacecraft Successfully Returns Asteroid Dust" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20101120041501/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2010/11/
spacecraft-successfully-returns-.html). Science. Archived from the original (http://news.scien
cemag.org/sciencenow/2010/11/spacecraft-successfully-returns-.html) on 20 November
2010. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
89. Tariq Malik (16 November 2010). "Asteroid Dust Successfully Returned by Japanese Space
Probe" (http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/asteroid-dust-collected-by-japan-space-pr
obe-101116.html). SPACE.com. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
90. Japan launches second asteroid mission (Physicsworld.com, Dec 3, 2014) (http://physicswo
rld.com/cws/article/news/2014/dec/03/japan-launches-second-asteroid-mission)
91. "Dust in Hayabusa asteroid probe capsule could be extraterrestrial" (https://web.archive.org/
web/20101009234832/http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20101007p2a00m0na010000
c.html). Mainichi Shimbun. 7 October 2010. Archived from the original (http://mdn.mainichi.j
p/mdnnews/news/20101007p2a00m0na010000c.html) on 9 October 2010. Retrieved
6 November 2010.
92. "Asteroid Dust Confirms Meteorite Origins" (https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/30/science/30
obmeteor.html). New York Times. 25 August 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
93. "Most Earth meteorites linked to single asteroid" (http://www.latimes.com/news/science/la-sc
i-asteroid-meteorites-20110826,0,4632492.story). Los Angeles Times. 26 August 2011.
Retrieved 26 August 2011.
94. Nishida, Kensaku (12 July 2011). 映画「はやぶさ」３社競う 足踏み日本、自信回復の願い
(http://www.asahi.com/showbiz/movie/TKY201107120311.html) [Film 'Hayabusa', 3
companies compete...]. Asahi shinbun (in Japanese). Retrieved 28 August 2011.
95. Shoji, Kaori, "In a galaxy not so far away.... (https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2011/09/2
3/films/in-a-galaxy-not-so-far-away/#.XTWFXehKjIU)", Japan Times, 23 September 2011, p.
20.
96. "The Second LEGO CUUSOO Product : Hayabusa" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130329
145523/http://legocuusoo.posterous.com/the-second-lego-cuusoo-product-hayabusa).
Archived from the original (http://legocuusoo.posterous.com/the-second-lego-cuusoo-produc
t-hayabusa) on 29 March 2013.

Further reading
Fujiwara, A.; et al. (2006). "Hayabusa at Asteroid Itokawa (Special Issue)" (https://doi.org/1
0.1126%2Fscience.312.5778.1327). Science. 312 (5778): 1327–1353.
doi:10.1126/science.312.5778.1327 (https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.312.5778.1327).
PMID 16741105 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16741105).
Hiroi, T.; Abe., M.; Kitazato, K.; Abe, S.; Clark, B.E.; Sasaki, S.; Ishiguro, M.; Barnouin-Jha,
O.S. (2006). "Developing space weathering on the asteroid 25143 Itokawa" (https://zenodo.
org/record/889820). Nature. 443 (7107): 56–58. Bibcode:2006Natur.443...56H (https://ui.ads
abs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.443...56H). doi:10.1038/nature05073 (https://doi.org/10.103
8%2Fnature05073). PMID 16957724 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16957724).
S2CID 4353389 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4353389).
Normile, D. (30 April 2010). "Spunky Hayabusa Heads Home With Possible Payload".
Science. 328 (5978): 565. Bibcode:2010Sci...328..565N (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/
2010Sci...328..565N). doi:10.1126/science.328.5978.565 (https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscienc
e.328.5978.565). PMID 20430991 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20430991).

External links
ISAS/JAXA page on the mission (https://web.archive.org/web/20140413142848/http://www.j
axa.jp/pr/jaxas/pdf/jaxatoday002_p.pdf)
ISAS/JAXA Hayabusa mission movie (https://web.archive.org/web/20051125064403/http://w
ww.isas.ac.jp/e/enterp/missions/hayabusa/movie.shtml)
The Great Challenges of Hayabusa – World's first asteroid sample return mission (https://w
ww.youtube.com/watch?v=0nHxCQYA2PU) – Official JAXA YouTube Channel
ISAS/JAXA Hayabusa Today (live updates of the craft's position) (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20140413142848/http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/jaxas/pdf/jaxatoday002_p.pdf)
Hayabusa's Scientific and Engineering Achievements during Proximity Operations around
Itokawa (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2005/1102.shtml) (JAXA press release on 2
November 2005)
The 37th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc20
06/) has Special Session on Results of the Hayabusa Mission (ftp://ftp.lpi.usra.edu/pub/outg
oing/lpsc2006/full702.pdf), and a poster session Results of the Hayabusa Mission (ftp://ftp.lp
i.usra.edu/pub/outgoing/lpsc2006/full623.pdf)
The 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference has Special Session on Results from
Hayabusa (http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/sess503.pdf)
Initial Scientific Results of Hayabusa's Investigation on Itokawa ~Summary of the Special
Issue of Science Magazine~ (http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/snews/2006/0602.shtml) (ISAS/JAXA
 press release)
Hayabusa Project Science Data Archive (https://darts.isas.jaxa.jp/planet/project/hayabusa/)
NASA AMES video of Hayabusa spacecraft's re-entry (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H
puU1hd_xeY) on YouTube
NASA Team Captures Hayabusa Spacecraft Reentry (https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/vide
ogallery/index.html?media_id=15112814) at NASA
JAXA Hayabusa mission (https://www.flickr.com/photos/aussmc/sets/72157624258750654/)
re-entry capsule photos and videos by Australian Science Media Centre
"JAXA Today August 2010" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140413142848/http://www.jaxa.j
p/pr/jaxas/pdf/jaxatoday002_p.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the original (http://www.jaxa.jp/pr/ja
xas/pdf/jaxatoday002_p.pdf) (PDF) on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
Hayabusa Mission Archive (https://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/data_sb/missions/hayabusa/index.
shtml) at the NASA Planetary Data System, Small Bodies Node

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hayabusa&oldid=1243120708"