Political

Science
Hi, classmates!
How is everyone
doing?
What is Political Science?
•Political Science is the systematic
study of state and government. The
word "political" is derived from the
Greek "polis" which means "city", or
what today would be equivalent of
sovereign state; and the word
"science" comes from the Latin
word "scire", which means to
"know".
•Political Science emerged as a
distinct discipline due to the need
to understand and improve
governance systems. Ancient Greek
philosophers like Plato and
Aristotle laid the groundwork,
exploring ideal governments and
justice. The discipline evolved over
time, influenced by historical
events like the French and
American Revolutions,
democratization, and globalization.
•The formal objective in studying political science is to have a basic
understanding and knowledge of the state and of the principles and ideals which
underlie its organization and activities.

•It is primarily concerned with the association of human being into a "body
politic", or a political community that was organized under government and law.

•Political Science also deals with those relations among men and groups which
are subject to control by the state, with the relations of men and groups of men to
the state itself, and with the relations of the state to other states.

•Meanwhile, science is a Latin word for scire, which literally means "to know" in
English. Therefore, science came to mean as any body of systematic knowledge a
well-defined area of inquiry. Thus, man's knowledge of the natural, physical and
social environment has developed through time by sharp observation of things
surrounding him.
•Political Science first attained recognition as a separate field of study in 1856
when Columbia College (later university) changed its Chair of History and Political
Economy into two different professorships. This significant innovation was done
upon the request of Prof. Francis Lieber, a German-born American scholar who
wrote Manual of Political Ethics (1838), the first systematic treatise in political
science published in the United States. Thus, it was the Americans who first made
the study of politics a separate course of study.

•Political Science was once part of many related fields of study, like history.
philosophy, law and economics. It was separated from these fields (as in the United
States only in the first and second decades of the twentieth century) when it
became independent just as many of these areas of study were free from
philosophy and religion. Though recent in its development as a special field of
study, the theoretical and practical study of the state and the politics began way
back to the time of the ancient Greeks, about 500 to 300 B.C.
•HISTORICAL METHOD. A political scientist interprets probable political circumstances, phenomena or
situations on the basis of his appreciation of facts, their historical precedents that is largely sharpened by
his keen observation and evaluationof the political environment. It explains the present status of political
institutions and their tendencies in the light of their respective origin and gradual development. It
observes and analyzes carefully the facts of history in order to understand the present condition together
with the future course of political organizations.

•COMPARATIVE METHOD. A political scientist uses comparative approach in establishing correlations of

institutional factors working hand-in-hand with the state that affect a political phenomena in
understanding the science of politics. The basis of description, analysis and interpretation of a
phenomenon or situation includes people, geography, society, local culture and other related forces.

•SCIENTIFIC METHOD The scientific method refers to the formulation of general theory based on tested
hypotheses which are derived from organized patterns of systematically arranged and collected relevant
facts to a political problem. Under this method, there are various techniques to discover and, gather the
needed facts: (a) reporting - the description of political events; (b) statistical method - the oase study
technique, the subjection of an individual or a community into an intimate and careful study; and (c)
sampling and polling techniques - the holding of mock elections for a possible prediction of people's
behavior from what they say they will do
•INDUCTIVE METHOD. A political scientist or analyst may draw his political generalization on
useful theories or insightful doctrines from basic or given facts. Thus, such generalizations can be
applied in understanding effectively the existence of a particular political situation.

•DEDUCTIVE METHOD. A political scientist may deduce particular conclusions or explanations

from probable yet steady premises in interpreting or appreciating a given political situation.

•THEORETICAL METHOD. The theoretical method is the study of politics by using the political
theories of ancient philosophers as models of understanding. Political thoughts are capable of
influencing the political behavior of other people.

•OBSERVATIONAL METHOD. A political scientist may employ the working of one's critical
observation of a political situation, and interprets it based on philosophical reflection (phronesis).
The analyst is also guided by any changes in the political system, processes and dynamics that may
introduce remarkable twist or shift from the present status quo of the state.

•BEHAVIORAL METHOD. The behavioral method is the study into what men actually do and the
meaning they attached to their behavior rather than into what men ought to do and how they
ought to act. Its emphasis is on the social, economic and political forces rather than on the political
institutions through which such forces operate.
Major Branches of Political Science:
•Public Policy- is a very broad field of study that
explores substantive policy areas as well as the
procedurs of policy making. Examples of substantive
areas include social welfare policy, communications
policy, and morality policy

•Political methodology- is concerned with the

philosophical bases of political science, social science,
empirical research design and analysis, and practical
field research experience.

•American Government and Politics-students of

American government and politics seek an
understanding of politics as practiced in the United
State.
Major Branches of Political Science:
•Political theory- is concerned mainly with the
foundations of political community and institutions. It
focuses on human nature and the moral purposes of
political association.

•International Relations- is the study of political

relations between nation-states. It includes the study of
diplomacy, military conflict, and conflict resolution, as
well as the international political economy,
international organizations, and other processes that
operate across the boundaries of nation-states.

•Comparative politics -is the study of politics outside

the United States or politics compared across countries,
possibly including the USA.
•Political science education-is the study of politics and
power from domestic, international, and comparative
perspectives. It helps students understand how politics
are involved in many aspects of people's lives.
HARRY TRUMAN JOSEPH ESTRADA OSCAR AMERINGER

"POLITICS IS A "I HAVE NEVER REGARDED "POLITICS IS THE GENTLE ART

FASCINATING GAME, POLITICS AS THE ARENA OF GETTING VOTES FROM THE
BECAUSE POLITICS IS OF MORALS. IT IS THE POOR AND CAMPAIGN FUNDS
GOVERNMENT. IT IS THE FROM THE RICH BY
ARENA OF INTEREST."
ART OF GOVERNMENT." PROMISING TO PROTECT
EACH FROM
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