雅思写作话题词汇（精编）
教育类
中文 英文 搭配/用法
收获知识 Acquire knowledge Impart（传授）
学习氛围 Academic atmosphere（environment） Create（创造）
学术成就 Academic achievement Make（取得）
学习表现 Academic performance Evaluate（评估）
学术研究 Academic study, scientific research Conduct, do（从事）
学习成绩 Score Gain, have（取得）
考试作弊 Cheat in the exam
考试（不）合格 Pass the exam, fail the exam
学术不诚实 Academic dishonesty Be punished
不同科目 Various subjects (courses)
勤奋学习 Be diligent in the study
Industrious students
投入 Devote time (money) to sth.
学习放松 Slack off (v.) in study
专注于学习 Focus on (concentrate on) their study Be absorbed in（专注于）
干扰 Distract sb. from doing sth.
Get distracted by sth.
Distraction (n.)
制定目标 Set goals Higher goals
实现目标 Achieve their goals accomplish
学习资源 Learning resources Abundant
正确的学习态度 A positive attitude towards study Develop, change
宽广的知识面 A wide scope of knowledge Enlarge
扎实的基础 A solid foundation Lay, build
涉猎不同科目 Dabble in (v.) different subjects
批判思维 Critical thinking Develop, cultivate
适合 Suit; be suitable for
掌握知识 Master (v.) what has been taught Command, grasp
促进学术交流 Promote (v.) academic exchange
以 考 试 为 中 心 的 Exam-oriented education Receive
教育
学习方式 Learning style
死记硬背 Learn by rote; rote learning
记 忆 公 式 和 方 程 Memorize formulas and equations
式
填鸭式教学 Cramming method of teaching Adopt
获得大学文凭 Obtain university qualification
招收学生 Enroll (v.) students Enrollment
专业知识 Specialized knowledge Specialized subject
专长于 Specialize in (v.)
全才 Generalist Become
专才 Specialist
必修课\选修课 Compulsory (elective, optional) course Learn
文科 Liberal arts
理科 Science subjects
基础科学 Basic sciences
应用科学 Applied sciences
职业教育 Vocational education
全面发展 Comprehensive (overall) development
Become versatile people
补习班 Cram school Attend, go to
辍学 Drop out of school
学龄儿童 School age children
学校教育 Schooling (n.)
上学 Attend school
量身定制的课程 Tailor-made course
互动 Interact with (v.)
反馈 Feedback Get, have, receive
按能力分班 Segregate students according to their
levels
启发学生 Inspire students
Give students inspiration
开阔视野 Broaden their horizons
Have a broader view of life
Have a better understanding of life
Gain a deep insight into the world
Get a new perspective of the world
积累经验 Accumulate (v.) experience Gain experience
Be experienced in..
理论用于实践 Put theory into practice
Apply theoretical knowledge to practice
实用技能 Practical (useful) skills Learn, acquire, master
就业技能 Employable (marketable) skills
领导能力 Leadership skills Develop
适应社会 Adapt to the society Adaptability
Adjust oneself to the society
Become accustomed to be the society
找工作 Find jobs/employment
Get employed
提高就业能力 Increase their employ ability
人才市场 Job market
竞争激烈 Fierce competition Stiff, intense
Highly (fiercely) competitive society
职业发展 Career development
职业前景 Career prospects
成 为 社 会 有 用 的 Become a valuable (useful) member of the
人 society
合格的 Be qualified for; be competent in
成功 Succeed in; become successful in
Make success in
志愿者活动 Voluntary activities Participate in
Voluntary work Get involved in
Unpaid work
Serve as volunteers
养家 Support the family
Contribute to the family income
谋生 Earn a living, make a living
做有偿劳动 Do paid work Undertake（从事）
Full-time（全职）part-time（兼职）
挣学费 Earn tuition fee
Become economically independent
理财能力 The ability to manage their finance Improve, develop
学习责任心 Learn responsibilities
培养独立能力 Become more independent
Develop independence
承受压力 Suffer from stress Relieve （ 缓 解 ） ,
ease,reduce
看电视时间 Screen time
The amount of time spent in watching TV
课外活动 Extracurricular/After-school activities Take part in
Participate in
体育活动 Sports activities, physical exercise Take part in
Participate in
开发智力 Develop intelligence
Become more intelligent
社交能力 Social skills Communication skills
同伴 Peer Peer pressure
竞争 Compete with (v.) Sense of competition
合作 Cooperate with (v.)
团队精神 Team spirit
为集体做贡献 Contribute to the team
跟上同学 Keep up with their classmates
交换思想 Exchange ideas
分享共同话题 Share common topics
成长期 Formative years
青春期 Adolescence, teens Adolescent, teenagers
好奇心 Be curious about, curiosity Out of curiosity（出于好奇）
自控能力 Self-control Have（有）, lack（缺乏）
身心健康 Physical and psychological health
判断对错的能力 The ability to judge right from wrong
性格 Personality Shape, influence
mold one’s character
个性 Individuality Lose
乐观 Be optimistic about sth. Be optimistic that
悲观 Be pessimistic about sth. Be pessimistic that
信心 Confidence Build（建立）, lose（失去）
自尊 Self-esteem High, low
兴趣 Interest Have/lose interest in...
Out of interest（出于兴趣）
有热情 Have passion for, have enthusiasm for Dampen（打消）
有动力 Be motivated to, have motivation to do
追求 Pursue (v.) Pursue the ideal
纪律 Rule Obey （遵守）
Disobey=violate （违反）
攻击性 Aggressive, aggression Show aggressive behavior
道德标准（准则） Moral standard (principle) Increase
有创造力的 Creative Stifle（扼杀）creativity
有想象力的 Imaginative Develop imagination
创新 Innovate in (v.)
Make innovation in, be innovative in
推理能力 Reasoning ability Develop, enhance
记忆 Memorize (v.)
良好的记忆力 A good memory Have
诚实的 Honest
正直的 Righteous
天真的 Innocent
坚韧的 Tenacious
易受伤害的 Vulnerable
沮丧的 Frustrated, depressed
自私的 Selfish, self-centered
无私的 Selfless, unselfish
体贴的 Considerate Inconsiderate （不体贴的）
传统价值观念 Traditional values Follow, inherit（继承）
尊敬老师 Respect (v.) Have respect (n.) for
优点 Strength, merit, benefit, strong point Draw on （借鉴）
缺点 Weakness, demerit, drawback, weak point Overcome （克服）
Make up for（弥补）
天生的才能 Innate talent; inborn ability Have
敏感的、易受影响 Sensitive, impressionable
的
模仿 Imitate (v.)
嫉妒 Ency (v.), be jealous of
物质方面攀比 Compete in material things
孤独感 Sense of isolation, sense of loneliness
上瘾 Get addicted to sth. Addiction
痴迷于 Be obsessed with (v.); indulge in (v.)
行为不好 Poor behavior; disruptive behavior Show
反社会行为 Anti-social behavior
漠不关心 Be indifferent to
欺负 Bully (v.)
使用暴力 Use violence School violence
嘲笑 Make fun of (v.); laugh at (v.)
生理缺陷 Physical defect (handicaps)
和人打架 Get into fights
误入歧途 Go astray, be led astray
与坏人交往 Associate with bad companions
叛逆的 Rebellious
过度饮酒 Excessive drinking
穿校服 Wear school uniform
炫耀 Show off (v.)
虚荣心 Vanity Out of vanity
优于 Be superior to Sense of superiority
劣于 Be inferior to Sense of inferiority
辅导 Coach n./v.
树立良好榜样 Set a good example
表扬 Praise (v.)
批评 Criticize (v.) Give constructive criticism
培养 Cultivate (v.)
养育 Raise, foster, nurture
父母的爱 Parental love and care
家长对孩子的教 Parenting (n.)
育
溺爱 Spoil (v.)
纵容 Connive at (v.) Be permissive with children
干涉、干预 Interfere with (v.); intervene in (v.)
施加控制 Exercise too much control over children
制定规则 Set rules for children
Impose rules and regulations on children
限制 Restrict (v.)
授权 Empower (v.) Empower sb. to do sth.
有一定的自主权 Have a degree of autonomy
体罚 Corporal punishment
心理阴影 Psychological shadow
富裕的家庭 Rich/wealthy/affluent family
不富裕的家庭 Less well-off family, low income family
采取合理防范 Take sensible precautions
提供合理的指导 Provide appropriate guidance
提高意识 Be more aware of Raise the awareness
科技环境类
网络教学 Internet-based teaching
Distance learning
教室教学 Classroom-based teaching
Conventional schooling
不受时间和空间限 Be not subject to time and geographical
制 restrictions
成熟的技术 Sophisticated technology
尖端科技 Cutting-edge technology
科技进步 Technological advances
科技创新 Technological innovation
信息时代 The information age (era)
方便 Convenient (adj.), convenience (n.)
舒适 Comfortable (adj.), comfort (n.)
灵活 Flexible (adj.), flexibility (n.)
上网 Surf the Internet; go online
浏览网站 Browse the website
虚拟空间 Virtual space
互联网的广泛使用 The widespread (extensive) use of the
互联网的到来 Internet
互联网的普及 The advent of the Internet
The proliferation of the Internet
更多渠道获取信息 Have more access to information
Access (v.) more information
网络数据库 On-line database
网络图书馆 On-line library
电子书 Electronic books
存储大量信息 Store (v.) enormous information
Information storage
充斥着 Be inundated with
不良信息 Harmful (detrimental) information Contain （包含）
Obscene information
上瘾 Get addicted to (v.), addiction (n.)
损害视力 Damage the eyesight
Lead to eye strain
变得近视 Become nearsighted
社交网站 Social network site
面对面交流 Face-to-face communication
社会孤立 Social isolation, become isolated Social networking （网
Sense of isolation 络社交）
保持联系 Stay in touch with; contact
没有地理阻碍 Without geographical barriers (restrictions)
侵入私人生活 Invade people’s private lives
生产线 Assembly line, production line
人工智能 Artificial intelligence
智能机器 Intelligent machine
机器生产的产品 Machine-made product 反义词：handmade
提高生产力 Increase the productivity
自动化 Automation, automatically
发射卫星 Launch the satellite
太空技术 Space technology
探索太空 Explore the outer space Exploration (n.)
登月 Land on the moon Moon landing (n.)
发射（载人）航天 Launch the (manned) space flight
飞机
智能生物 Intelligent beings
外星人 Alien
科幻电影 Fiction movie
廉价航空 Cheap air travel
先进的交通工具 Advanced means of transport Means=mode
核电站 Nuclear power station
核废料 Nuclear waster
核辐射 Nuclear radiation
泄露 Leak (v.), leakage
灾难性的后果 Disastrous consequences Lead to
Catastrophic consequences
化石燃料 Fossil fuel
储量 Reserves
开采（勘探） Exploit (v.), prospect (v.)
能源短缺 Energy shortage (crisis) Address, solve, relieve
气候变化 Climate change Combat, curb （遏制）
全球变暖 Global warming Accelerate (vi.)
污染物 Pollutant Discharge, release （ 排
放）
排放污水 Discharge waste water
垃圾处理 Waste disposal
Dispose of (v.) the waste
垃圾分类 Classify the waste Waste classification
Sort the garbage
不可回收的产品 Disposable product, throw-away product
汽车尾气 Exhaust fumes
有毒有害物质 Toxic and harmful substance Contain （含有）
危害健康 Pose a threat to people’s health
Cause damage to people’s health
排放 Emit (v.), emission Reduce emission
温室气体 Greenhouse gas Emit （排放）
二氧化碳 Carbon dioxide
酸雨 Acid rain
沙尘暴 Sand storms
雾霾 Smoggy weather, smog, haze
森林减少 Deforestation
砍伐树木 Fell (v.) woods
耗尽自然资源 Deplete (v.) natural resources
给资源造成压力 Put a strain on the resources
恶化 Deteriorate (vi); become worse
导致严重后果 Lead to serious consequences
化肥农药 Fertilizer and pesticide
地下水 Underground water
浪费 Waste, squander (v./n.)
灌溉系统 Irrigation system Build （修建）maintain
（维护）
栖息地 Habitat Destroy
海洋生物 Marine life
濒危物种 Endangered species
珍惜动物 Rare animals
灭绝 Extinction, become extinct, die out (v.)
偷猎 Illegal hunting, poaching
动物权益 Animals’ rights
减轻动物的痛苦 Relieve / ease animals’ pain
动物保护主义者 Animal protectionist
生态系统 Ecosystem
生态平衡 Ecological balance Maintain（维护）
Destroy (破坏
自然保护区 Nature reserve Establish （建立）
可持续发展 Sustainable development Achieve
节约能源 Conserve (v.) the energy
energy conservation
可再生能源 Renewable energy, clean fuel Develop （开发）
替代品 Alternative
A is an alternative to B
A 是 B 的替代品
替代 Replace, substitute
使用水力发电 Use hydro power to generate electricity
电动汽车 Electric cars
低碳生活 Low carbon lifestyle Lead, adopt（过..生活）
提高环保意识 Raise (v.) the public’s awareness of
environment protection
修复对环境造成的 Remedy (v.) the damage to the environment
损害
环保产品 Environment-friendly product
节能科技 Energy-saving technology Develop （ 开 发 ）；
promote （推广）
制定国际标准 Set international standards
召开国际会议 Hold international meetings (conferences)
签署协议 Sign agreements
工作家庭生活类
繁重的 Arduous
重复的 Repetitive
单调的 Monotonous Tedious, boring
不断的跳槽 Constant job-hopping
Change (v.) jobs frequently
流动性 Mobility
找工作 Hunt for jobs; Job hunting
申请 Apply for
胜任 Be competent for, be qualified for
工作单位 Workplace
获得提升 Get promotions
建立人脉关系 Establish (v.) wide connections
铁饭碗 Permanent job
员工福利 Employees’ welfare
休假 Take a vacation Take time off (v.)
安全感 Sense of security
满足感 Sense of fulfillment
满意度 Sense of satisfaction
同事 Colleague
关系紧张 Tense relationship
对公司忠诚 Be loyal to the company Disloyal; loyalty
失业率 Unemployment rate
招收新员工 Recruit new staff
职位空缺 Vacancy
被解雇 Be laid off (v.)
职业发展 Career development
公司运营 Company’s operation
为公司服务 Serve (v.) the company
接受挑战 Take challenges
工作狂 Workaholic
工作量 Workload Heavy
追逐名利 Pursue (v.) fame and wealth Seek=pursue
成年期 Adulthood
变得冷漠 Become apathetic to others
Be indifferent to others
变得疏远 Become alienated
Alienate (v.), alienation
生病 Get (v.) sick, fall (v.) ill
家务活 Housework, household chores
核心家庭 Nuclear family
几代同堂 Several generation live (v.) under the
same roof
生孩子 Give birth to (v.)
怀孕 Get pregnant, pregnancy (n.)
养育孩子 Raise a child=bring up a child
Child rearing=child upbringing
团聚 Reunite with (v.), reunion (n.)
祖先 Ancestor
族谱 Family tree
家庭凝聚力 Family cohesion Enhance, strengthen
养老 Support the old people
归属感 A sense of belonging to...
退休 Retire (v.), retirement, retiree（退休人） Retire from the company
法定退休年龄 The statutory retirement age
分开 Be separated from
和谐的 Harmonious
性别歧视 Gender discrimination
两性平等 Gender equality
开明的社会 An enlightened society
社区 Community
住所 Place of residence
观念的改变 Change of conception
文化活动 Cultural activities Organize（组织）
公益广告 Public interest/service advertisement Produce（制作）
生活节奏 Pace of life
生活模式 Life pattern, lifestyle
营养 Nutrition; nutrient; nutritional food
营养缺乏 Nutritional deficiency; malnutrition
采取均衡饮食 Have a balanced diet
添加剂 Additive (n.)
防腐剂 Preservative
成分、配料 Ingredient
家常饭菜 Home-made food
肥胖 Obesity, become obese Lead to, cause
糖尿病 Diabetes
高血压 Hypertension
慢性病 Chronic disease Suffer from（遭受）
生病 Fall ill; get sick
不健康的生活方式 Unhealthy lifestyle Lead（过...的生活）
保持健康 Stay healthy; keep fit
含有，含量 Contain (v.), content (n.)
摄取，摄取量 Take in (v.), intake (n.)
甜食 Sugary food
方便食品 Convenience food
洗碗 Wash dishes
破坏食欲 Spoil one’s appetite
减肥 Lose weight
增重 Gain weight; become overweight
消化 Digestion; digestive system（消化系统）
循环 Circulation; circulatory system （ 循 环 系
统）
呼吸 Respiration; respiratory system（呼吸系
统）
焦虑 Anxiety, be anxious about
失眠 Insomnia Suffer from
广告媒体政府旅游文化国际建筑犯罪类
名牌产品 Branded products
冲动地消费 Buy products impulsively
刺激消费 Stimulate consumption
抵挡诱惑 Resist the temptation
给产品做广告 Advertise the products
针对儿童的广告 Advertisement targeted/aimed at children
夸大产品的质量 Exaggerate the quality of the products
促销 Boost/promote the sales
知名度 Popularity
广告活动 Advertising campaign Organize（组织）hold（举
办）
推出新产品 Launch new products
判断广告的真实性 Judge whether the advertisement is true
of false
Make a judgment about the truthfulness
of the advertisement
失去判断能力 Lose their judgment
误导消费者 Mislead consumers
渗透到生活的各个 Penetrate into every aspect of our life
方面
洗脑 Brainwash (v.)
没有仔细考虑 Without enough consideration
毫不犹豫 Without hesitation
商业广告 Commercials
代言产品 Endorse the product
跟风 Follow the trend
消费习惯 Spending habit Have
购买决定 Buying decision Make
必需品 Necessities
奢侈的 Luxurious, extravagant
过时的 Outdated, out of fashion, obsolete
可支配收入 Disposable income
吸引人们注意 Attract people’s attention
繁荣 Boom (n.), economic prosperity Promote（促进）
管理经验 Managerial experience
大众媒体 Mass media
订阅 Subscribe to (v.), subscription (n.)
发行 Circulate (v.), circulation (n.)
传播信息 Disseminate (v.) information
新闻报道 News report
播放电视节目 Broadcast (v.) TV programs
谣言的传播 Spread of rumor
适当的媒体监管 Moderate censorship of the media
歪曲 Distort
捏造 Fabricate (v.)
记者 Journalist
客观的、公正的 Objective, unbiased
可信的 Credible, credibility (n.)
媒体暴力 Media violence Control
细节的描述 Detailed account of; detailed description
披露 Disclose (v.); reveal (v.); expose (v.)
预算 Budget A tight budget
财政负担 Financial burden Lead to; cause
资金不足 Be underfunded
资助 Fund (v.); subsidize (v.)
分配资源 Allocate (v.) the resources Distribute（分配）
税收 Tax revenue Increase
创造就业 Create jobs
劳动力 Labor force; working population
福利 Welfare, well-being Improve
相关部门 Relevant authorities;
Departments concerned
实施政策 Implement (v.) the policy
垄断 Monopolize (v.); monopoly (n.)
优惠政策 Preferential policy Give preference to sb.
官僚主义 Bureaucracy
腐败 Corruption (n.), corrupted (adj.) Prevent（防止）；root out
（根除）
滥用，挪用 Abuse, misuse, appropriate. (v.)
介入 Step in (v.) to do sth.
Intervene in
行政管理 Administration Improve
收税 Levy (v.) tax; impose (v.) tax
制定法律 Enact the law
监督 Supervise; supervision
投资 Invest in doing sth.
基础设施 Infrastructure, basic facilities
城市化 Urbanization
为了公共利益 For the public interests
有义务 Be obligated to do
Have the obligation to do
权利和义务 Rights and obligations
社会文明 Social civilization
建造 Build, construct (v.)
维护 Maintain (v.), maintenance (n.)
地标 Landmark
美学价值 Aesthetic value
美学教育 Aesthetic education
文化象征 Cultural identity
文物 Cultural relics
文化遗产 Cultural heritage Preserve（保护）
宝贵财富 Valuable assets
开发利用 Exploit (v.), exploitation (n.)
景点 Tourist sites/attractions; scenic spot
历史遗迹 Historical site
容纳 Accommodate (v.)
旅行社 Travel agency
免票进入 Free admission
Be admitted to the museum free of charge
展览 Exhibition, exhibit（展品 n.）
陈列物品 Display objects
收费高 Charge (v.) a high price
亲身体验 First-hand experience
文化差异（冲击） Cultural difference; culture shock Diminish（消除）,avoid
文化交流 Cultural exchange Promote, enhance（促进）
文化融合 Cultural integration
文化多样性 Cultural diversity Protect
习俗 Custom
禁忌 Taboo
尴尬 Embarrassment (n.)
Feel embarrassed about
冒犯 Offend (v.)
共存 Coexist (vi.), coexistence (n.)
国际社会 International community
跨国公司 Transnational company
合资企业 Joint venture
跨境的 Cross-border
过剩的产品 Surplus products
全球化 Globalization
性别平等 Gender equality Promote（促进）
不平等 Inequality
种族歧视 Racial discrimination Eliminate（消除）
民族 Ethnic groups
少数民族 Minority ethnic groups
Ethnic minorities
偏见 Prejudice Have prejudice against
不发达国家 Underdeveloped countries
Less developed countries
移民 Immigrant（人）migrate (vi), migration
定居 Settle down (v.)
卫星城市 Satellite city
摩天大楼 Skyscraper
住宅楼 Residential building
商业楼 Commercial building
耐用性；耐用的 Durability (n.); durable (adj.)
实用性 Practicality
外观 Exterior appearance
危楼 Dilapidated building
四合院 Courtyard houses
拆除 Dismantle (v.), demolish (v.)
空置的 Vacant
建筑 Architecture
美化 Beautify (v.)
罪犯 Criminal/prisoner; law violator
犯罪 Commit (v.) / perpetrate (v.) crimes
违法 Violate (v.) / break (v.) the law
Law offense (n.)
守法 Obey, abide by, comply with the law
惩罚 Punish (v.); punishment
Penalize (v.); penalty
免于惩罚 Escape (v.) punishment
Exempt (v.) sb. From punishment
进监狱 Go to prison; send sb. To prison/jail
Imprison (v.); imprisonment (n.)
剥夺自由 Deprive of their freedom
强制实施法律 Enforce the law
严重的罪行 Serious crime, felony
轻微的罪行 Not serious crime, petty crime
初犯 First-time criminals
惯犯 Hardened/repeat criminals
Recidivist
二次犯罪 Recidivism
震慑某人 Deter (v.) sb. From doing sth.
Have a deterrent effect on sb.
打击 Crack down on (v.); combat (v.)
消除 Eliminate (v.)
根除 Root out (v.)
混乱 Chaos (n.); chaotic (adj.)
改造罪犯 Reform/rehabilitate criminals The process of
Rehabilitation rehabilitation
警惕的 Be cautious/vigilant against
正义 Justice Uphold; maintain（维护）
公平 Equity/fairness (n.); equitable/fair (adj.)
通用词汇
采取积极措施 Take active measures Effective（有效的）
各种因素 Various factors
导致 Lead to, cause, result in
遭受 Suffer from, be afflicted with
深远的影响 Profound influence
恶性循环 Vicious circle Break
损害 Damage, impair, undermine
有冲突 Conflict with sth.
使...处在风险之中 Place...at risk
潜在风险 Potential risk
沮丧的 Frustrated
抱怨 Complain (v.), complaint (n.) ~about; ~that...
责备 Blame Blame sb. for sth.
Sb. Is to blame
利用 Take advantage of
中间的，中等的 Medium
欢迎 Welcome
适合 Suit, be suitable for
明确，确定 Identify, decide on
限制 Restrict (v.)
在...方面有局限性 Be restricted in...
阻碍 Impede, become an obstacle to sth.
由...决定 Be determined by; depend on
成正（反）比 In (reverse) proportion to
提高意识 Raise the awareness about
Be more aware of...
借口 Excuse (for) Find an excuse
make an excuse
干预（干涉） Interfere in (with); intervene in
面对复杂问题 Encounter/face the difficult problem
取得进展 Make progress
做...有困难 Have difficulty in doing sth.
无知的 Be ignorant of
足够的 Sufficient (adj.)
规范 Regulate (v.); regulation (n.)
优先 Give priority to sth.
Make sth. a priority
对...敏感 Be sensitive to
象征 Symbolize (v.), symbol (n.)
成为公众焦点 Become the focus of public concern
来源于 Be derived from; derive from
最终 End up doing sth.
归因于 Be attributed to sth.
和...相比 Compared with...
把...联系起来 Associate sth. with sth.
在于... Lie in sth.; lie with sb.
在紧急情况下 In case of emergency
紧急的 Urgent; emergent
迷失 Be lost
损失 Loss Economic loss
过多的 Excessive
不现实的 Unrealistic
得到广泛认可 Be widely recognized
正当的、合理的 Justified, reasonable
合适的；不合适的 Appropriate (inappropriate)
Proper (improper)
没有动力 Have no incentive to do sth.
Have no motivation to do sth.
有倾向 Have a tendency to do sth.
起到一定作用 Play a role in; have a part to play
无论 Regardless of
拥有一席之地 Deserve a place
竞争对手 Rival, competitor
支付得起 Afford (v.), affordable (adj.)
特权 Privilege
不可或缺的一部分 An indispensable part
长期 In the long term; in the long run
缩小差距 Bridge/narrow the gap
狭隘的方法 Narrow approach
找到平衡 Strike a balance
达到理想的效果 Achieve the desired result
找到中间立场 Find a middle ground
确保 Ensure, guarantee
有成效的 Effective, productive
独一无二的 Unique
相似的 Similar
多个的 Multiple
多样的 Diversified; different
看得见的（看不见） Visible (invisible)
普遍的 Widespread
普及 Popularize (v.), popularization (n.)
可用的 Available
考验 Test
印象深刻的 Impressive
习惯于 Get used to sth.; get accustomed to sth.
不可避免的 Unavoidable
巨大的（实际的好 Substantial benefits, concrete benefits Gain（获得）
处）
为...付出代价 Pay a price for sth.
追求 Pursue; seek In pursuit of
从事 Engage in
欣赏 Appreciate (v.)
沟通、互动 Interact with
坚持 Persist in doing sth.
不可避免的 Unavoidable, inescapable
毅力 Perseverance
决心 Determination show
决定因素 Determining factor
把...量化 Quantify (v.)
奋斗 Strive for
禁止 Ban Ban sth.;
Ban sb.from doing sth.
把...降到最低限度 Reduce...to a minimum
重视 Place more value on sth.
在...方面有优势 Have an advantage in terms of sth.
处于不利地位 Be in a disadvantageous position
