BIODIVERSI
TY AND A
HEALTHY
LESSON 10
SOCIETY
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this lesson, students are expected to:
describe biodiversity and its components;
discuss how biodiversity affects the health of society;
cite factors and activities that destroy biodiversity;
design a program that can help restore and sustain biodiverse resources of the
country;
explain the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the Philippine biodiversity; and
develop values of loving, caring, and helping protect the Philippine
biodiversity.
Introductio
n
Biodiversity comprises all living forms that we see around us. These include all
essential goods and services we derive from the environment. Therefore, we can
say that we depend on the richness of biodiversity for our survival. Any alteration
in the biodiversity of species can affect our lives whether directly or indirectly
It is sad to know that these diverse life forms are exploited and
unmanaged. Some components are becoming endangered, worst
they are becoming extinct. This is the best time to find ways and act
to protect and preserve our environmental resources.
Activity: Fill in the box below of terms you can associate with BIODIVERSITY to
complete our concept map. You may also write the things you want to know more about
BIODIVERSITY.
Biodiversity
Analysis-Now that we have identified concepts associated with biodiversity, let us
figiure out the specific componentsw and benefits we deriuve from diverse life forms on earth and
we will also idnetify areas that are highly diverse. Place your answers in the table below.
Highly
Benefits we
Biodiversity biodiversity
derive from a
components areas in the
biodiversity
country
What is
biodiversity?
refers to the richness and variety of life
forms on Earth.
It includes all the species of living
organisms, whether bacteria, plants,
animals, and humans, that can be found in
one distinct area.
Components of
Biodiversity
1. Genetic diversity
2. Species diversity
3. Ecosystem diversity
Components of
Biodiversity
1. Genetic Diversity
is the variety of genes within a species. Each species is
made up of individuals that have their own particular genetic
composition. This means a species may have different
populations, each having different genetic compositions
Components of
Biodiversity
Importance of genetic diversity
It strengthens the ability of species and populations to
resist diseases, pests, changes in climate and other
stresses.
• Gene variations underpin their capacity to evolve and their
flexibility to adapt.
Components of
Biodiversity
2. Species Diversity
“Species diversity is defined as the number of different species
present in an ecosystem and relative abundance of each of those
species.”
Two constituents of species diversity:
• Species richness: Number of different species present in an ecosystem. Tropical
areas have greater species richness as the environment is conducive for a large number of
species
• Species evenness: Relative abundance of individuals of each of those species. If
the number of individuals within a species is fairly constant across communities, it is said to
have a high evenness and if the number of individuals varies from species to species, it is
said to have low evenness. High evenness leads to greater specific diversity
Components of
Biodiversity
2. Species Diversity cont
It is possible in an ecosystem to have high species richness, but low
species evenness.
For example:
• In a forest, there may have a large number of different species (high
species richness) but have only a few members of each species (low
species evenness)
• In a forest, there may be only a few plant species (low species
richness) but a large number of each species (high species evenness)
Components of
Biodiversity
Importance of species diversity
In a healthy ecosystem, diverse and balanced number of
species exist to maintain the balance of an ecosystem.
• More diverse ecosystem tend to be more productive. E.g. the ecosystem
with a great variety of producer species will produce large biomass to
support a greater variety of consumer species
• Greater species richness and productivity makes an ecosystem more
sustainable and stable
Components of
Biodiversity
Importance of species diversity
• More diverse the ecosystem, greater is the ability to withstand
environmental stresses like drought or invasive infestations
• Species richness makes an ecosystem able to respond to any catastrophe.
• In Species-rich communities, each species can use a different portion of
resources available as per their requirement. E.g. plants with smaller roots
can absorb water and minerals from shallow soil and plants with deeper
roots can tap deeper soil
Components of
Biodiversity
3. Ecosystem Diversity
Ecosystem diversity deals with the variations in
ecosystem within a geographical location and its overall impact
on human existence and the environment.
Ecosystem diversity addressed combined characteristics
biotic properties (biodiversity)
abiotic properties (geodiversity).
Components of
Biodiversity
3. Ecosystem Diversity cont.
Ecological diversity includes the variation in both terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystems.
terrestrial ( tundra, forest, taiga, dessert, grassland)
aquatic (oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, estuaries, and
wetlands)
Components of
Biodiversity
Importance of Ecosystem diversity
supports human and societal needs, including
food and nutrition security
energy
development of medicines and pharmaceuticals
freshwater
underpin good health.
It also supports economic opportunities, and leisure activities that contribute to
overall wellbeing.
Biodiversity and
Human Health
Points on how does biodiversity
affects our health
1. Biodiversity helps secure food, health, and livelihood for
people.
Diverse collection of food systems maintain crop supply and also
promote resistance of crops and livestock to pests and other
stressors.
Diets containing various types of food promote good health and
provide the necessary nutrients and vitamins for humans.
Biodiversity and
HumanPoints
Healthon how does biodiversity
affects our health
2. Biodiversity serves as a rich source of materials for
medical research.
Research endeavors on wildlife diversity, anatomy and physiology, ecology,
and biochemistry can contribute to great developments in human medicine
Some organisms of interest in research include horseshoe crabs, bears,
sharks, and cetaceans.
Biodiversity and
HumanPoints
Healthon how does biodiversity
affects our health
3. Biodiversity provides abundant resources for traditional
and modern medicine.
Nowadays, there are still a lot of people who rely on traditional medicine for
maintaining their health.
Modern drugs are also derived from natural products including pain killers,
drugs against cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer.
Meanwhile, millions of species are still waiting to be discovered for their
potential application in medicine.
Biodiversity and
HumanPoints
Healthon how does biodiversity
affects our health
4. Biodiversity helps in the control and prevention of infectious
diseases.
Destruction of biodiversity contributes to the emergence and transmission of
infectious diseases not only in humans but also in animals and plants.
Disease outbreaks due to SARS, avian influenza, malaria, Ebola, Marburg,
and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome have been accounted to human
induced abuse of biodiversity.
Biodiversity and
HumanPoints
Healthon how does biodiversity
affects our health
5. Biodiversity serves important roles for the communities’
cultural, spiritual, and social growth.
Biodiversity loss causes negative implications for physical, mental, and
social well-being of humans.
There has been an increasing rate of pathologic conditions including
diabetes, hypertension, and cardiopulmonary diseases because of such
loss.
Access to greenspace are linked to better health outcomes and faster
recovery rate for the sick
Biodiversity and
HumanPoints
Healthon how does biodiversity
affects our health
6. Biodiversity conservation is very important for climate
change adaptation.
Biodiversity loss exposes the communities at greater risk of
experiencing adverse effects of climate change particularly
floods and droughts among others..
Biodiversity and
HumanPoints
Healthon how does biodiversity
affects our health
7. Stable and sustainable ecosystems support relief and
recovery efforts.
Healthy ecosystems serve as natural buffers against devastating
natural phenomenon including typhoons, floods, landslides, and
droughts among others.
These can also provide essential resources for rebuilding livelihood
during post-crisis events..
What destroy biodiversity?
1. Habitat loss and distruction
What destroy biodiversity?
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING
