Fluid management
Clinical evidence of shock
a. Pulse rate > 20 bpm above baseline
b. Systolic BP 20 mmHg less than normal
c. Capillary refill greater than 2 seconds
d. Respiratory rate > 20 per minute
e. Urine output less than 0.3 ml/kg/h
f. increased plasma lactate values and a central venous oxygen
saturation of <70%.
Early warning signs
a. respiratory rate,
b. arterial blood oxygen saturation,
c. temperature,
d. systolic blood pressure,
e. pulse rate and
f. level of consciousness; an adjustment is made for
patients receiving oxygen therapy
Use
Echo & Ultrasound to assess the status of Heart, Kidney and fluid loss or excess
Check CT chest , electrolytes, Lactate and obtain ABG to access acidosis
ECG is mandatory in all patients who present with hypotension
Calculation of fluid requirement
Type of fluid to be used
Rate of fluid administration
Intubation & ventilation
IV venous catheterization &. Administration of medications