ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to
all lthose who have provided me with the
opportunity to perform this project.
I would like to thank m y chemistr y teacher
Mr. P ank aj k un zr u wh os e v a lu a b le g u i da nc e
has h e l p e d m e t o c o m p l e t e t h e p r o j
e c t . H i s suggestions and instructions have
served as a major contributor towards the
successful outcomes of this project
I take this opportunity to thank our he
a d o f t h e institution, Mrs.JK sawhney, who was
always supportive and helpful in fulfilling all our
acdemic requirements.
I would like to thank my parent
s f o r g i v i n g encouragement, enthu
s i a s m a n d i n v a l u a b l e assistance to me.
Las t b ut n ot t h e l eas t; I wo u ld lik e t o th a nk
a llm yc l a s s m a t e s w h o h a v e s u p p o r t e d
me in various
Table Of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
2. AIM
3. ANISEED OIL(SAUNF)
4. CARUM OIL(AJWAIN)
5. CARDAMON(ILLAICHI)
6. EXPERIMENT
7. BIBLIGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic
liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from
plants. They are also known as volatile oils,
ethereal oils, aetherolea etc. volatile substances
which can be extracted from recovery processes
such as steam and vacuum distillation are
preferred for the extraction of essential oils
from plant materials. Virtually all naturally
occurring essential oils are made up
of hydrocarbons such as camphene, pinene,
limonene, phellandrene, cedrene, and oxygenated
hydrocarbons such as alcohols, aldehydes , esters,
ethers, ketones, lactones, phenols and organic
acids. The essential oil get their odours from the
oxygenated compounds contained in the mand
these confer stability on the oil against oxidation.
The hydrocarbons are less stable and they are
responsible for the degradation observed in the
oils. The hydrocarbons contained in the essential
oils are often removed so that the oils can be more
stable and still retain their odours and flavours.
AIM
Extraction of essential oil present in,
Saunf(aniseed),
Ajwain(carcum)
illaichi(cardamom)
ANISEED OIL(SAUNF)
Common Method of Extraction:
Steam Distillation
Botanical Name: pimpinella anisum
Color: Clear
Aromatic Description:
Distinctive scent of licorice. Rich and sweet.
Constituents:
a-pinene, camphene, B-pinene, linalool, cis-
anethole, trans-anethole, safrole,
anisaldehyde, acetoanisole.
Uses:
In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil is
used to treat colds and tiu.
Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid
scent and is used for both hunting and
fishing. It is put on fishing lures to
attract fish.
Anethole, the principal component of
anise oil, is a precursor that
caneventually produce 2,5-
dimethoxybenzaldehyde which is can
be used in the clandestine synthesis of
psychedelic drugs such as 2C-B, 2C-I and
DOB.
Oil of aniseed is also reported to be used
as an aromatic carminative to relieve
flatulence, and as an ingredient of cough
lozenges in combination with liquorice
Essential oil is also used externally as an
insecticide against small insects suchas
head lice, mites and vermin. It also has
fungicidal properties
CAROM OIL (AJWAIN)
Botanical name :
Trachyspermum ammi
Common Method of Extraction :Distillation
Aroma:
Warm, Pungent,Peppery
Extraction:
Ajwain oil is extracted from the crushed
seeds of ajwain by the method ofsteam
distillation.
Chemical composition:
The main consituents of the ajwain oil are thymol,
gamma-terpinene,pcymene, and beta-pinene.
Alpha-pinene, alpha-thujene, beta-myrcene,
carvacrol, limonene, and terpinene-4-ol.There
are variations in the composition of ajwain oil
oils depending upon the region where it is
cultivated.For instance, ajwain oil collected
from Southern India is rich in thymol.
Uses:
Skin Ailments : Ajwain can help with pimples.
Digestive Aid : One can treat indigestion,
ulcers, and various other bacterial
infections of the gut with ajwain seeds
and essential oil.
Aromatherapy: Useful in aromatherapy,
ajwain oil others calming sensations that
relieves neuralgia and migraines
CARDAMOM OIL (ILLAICHI)
Extraction:
Cardamom oil is extracted using steam
distillation method.
Botanical Name:
Elettaria cardamonum
Common Method Of Extraction:
Steam Distillation
Aroma:
Very complex and smooth spice aroma the
fruit are used just before they ripe. The
yield through this process is normally 1to 5
per cent
Chemical Composition :
Cardamom oil contains sabinene, myrcene, a-
pinene, b-pinene, aphellandrene,limonene, p-
cymene, terpinolene, 1,8-cineole, y-terpinene,
linalool, linalyl acetate,a-terpineol acetate,
citronellol, nerol, terpinen-4-oil, aterpineol,
geraniol, methyleugenol and trans-nerolidol.
Uses:
Cardamom oil has a vast range of usage for
treatment of sciatica, coughs, abdominal pains,
spasm and nervous disorders. Traditionally, it is
used for pulmonary disease, fever, digestive and
urinary problems in India and China for over3000
years. It is also used to flavour pharmaceutical
products. Apart from pharmaceutical usage,
cardamom oil is also used as a fragrant in soaps,
perfumes and cosmetic products.
EXPERIMENT
Materials Required:
Steam generator (Copper Vessel)
round bottom flask (500 ml),
conical flask
Condenser
glass tubes
iron stand
sand bath
separatory funnel
tripod stands
burners
Ajwain(Carum)
Petroleum ether(60-80°C)
Saunf(Aniseed)
procedure:
1. Set the apparatus as shown in the
picture of Experimental Setup. The
apparatus consists of a steam generator
connected to the round bottom flask through
a glass inlet tube. The flask is connected to
awater condenser through a glass outlet
tube. Condenser is further attached to
a receiver through an adaptor.
2. Take about 750ml of water in the steam
generator and start healing to produce
steam.
3. In the round bottom flask take about 75g
of crushed saunf (aniseed).
4. A vigorous current of steam from steam
generator is passed through the round
bottom flask.
5. A part of the steam condenses in the
round bottom flask. As more and more steam
is passed, the steam volatile components of
saunf pass through condenser along steam.
These contents on condensation are collected
in the receiver.
6. The contents in the round bottom
flask may be heated by a Bunsen burner to
prevent excessive condensation of steam.
7. The process of steam distillation
is continued for about half an hour.
8. Transfer the distillate to a separating
funnel and extract with 20ml portions of
petroleum ether 3 times.
9. Combine the petroleum ether extracts in a
250ml conical flask and dry it with the help
of anhydrous sodium sulphate.
10. Remove the solvent from the dried
filtrate by careful distillation in a water
bath. The essential oil is left behind in the
distillation flask.
11. Find the weight of the extracted
essential oil. Note the colour, odour and
weight of the essential oil.
Observations:
1.Saunf(Aniseed):
Weight of Saunf taken=100g
Initial weight of the bottle= 10g(x)
Weight of bottle+essential oil= 11.25g(y)
Weight of essential extracted= (y-x)= 1.25g
Percentage of essential oil=(y/100)*100=1.25
%
Colour of the oil= Colourless
Odour of the oil= saunf like smell
2. Ajwain(Carum):
Weight of Saunf taken=75g
Initial Weight of the bottle=10g(x)
Weight of the bottle +essential oil=11g(y)
Weight of essential oil extracted=(y-x)=1g
Percentage of essential oil (y/75)*100=1.33%
Colour of the oil= colourless
Odour ofthe oil= Ajwain like smell
RESULT:
Essential oils present in aniseed, carum and
cardamom are extracted from this method
BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.cbse.com
www.ncertbooks.com
www.zemvelocare.com
www.scribd.com
