Prime Mock 03 (CLAT) 2025

Directions for questions 1 to 24: Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow.

Passage – 1

In September 2023, San Francisco-based digital artist Lapine utilized Have I Been Trained to check if her work was being used to train AI image
generating models. Mat Dryhurst and Holly Herndon's work inspired Have I Been Trained, which examines how AI takes over artists' labour. Lapine
found her own face when she scanned the LAION database. She traced this image to doctor-taken photos from her unusual genetic disorder therapy.
Her clinical report included photos, which she signed to keep in her medical file. The doctor died in 2020. These confidential medical photographs
wound up online, then in Common Crawl's archive and LAION's dataset, and lastly in the neural networks as they learnt about images and how to
produce new ones.

It's digital theft. "Someone stole the image from my deceased doctor's files and put it online, then scraped it into this dataset," Lapine told Ars Technica.
"Leaking a photo is bad enough, but now it's part of a product. Including medical record photographs. The future abuse potential is high."

This type of publicly available AI, whether it works with photos or words, and the numerous data-driven applications like it are built on this wholesale
appropriation of existing culture, which we can hardly grasp. Most of the material and images scraped by these algorithms fall under "fair use," which is
acceptable in the US but problematic in the EU. Except for rare cases like Lapine's, complex neural networks are hard to grasp from the outside. But
we know this: this kind of AI's outputs are fully dependent on generations of human artists' unacknowledged and unremunerated effort.

AI image and text generation is primitive accumulation: theft of labour from the people for Silicon Valley tech businesses and their wealthy owners.
These firms gained money by invading every element of our lives, including our most private and creative ones: our interests, talks, likes, and dreams.
They imprisoned our ideas like landlords and robber barons enclosed common lands. They promised new human experiences, access to all human
knowledge, and new human connections. Instead, they are selling us our dreams as machine products, promising to earn more money by advertising
them.

Source: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/mar/16/the-stupidity-of-ai-artificial-intelligence-dall-echatgpt
Q 1. Which of the following projects the main purpose of the author behind writing this passage?

a) To critique the AI's appropriation of artists' work and highlight ethical and privacy concerns.

b) To provide a comprehensive overview of the technological advancements in AI image generation and text generation models.

c) To advocate for stricter copyright laws to protect artists' intellectual property rights in the age of AI-driven content creation.

d) To showcase Lapine's digital artwork and her innovative use of AI tools like Dall-E for artistic expression.

Q 2. Which of the following, if true, could help alleviate the concern of the author of the passage?

a)
Implementation of stricter restrictions and standards to protect artists' intellectual property rights and secure adequate consent and pay for AI system
use.

b)
The absence of regulations surrounding artificial intelligence (AI) technology permits the utilization of artists' creations in AI-generated entertainment,
resulting in their exploitation.

c)
Advanced AI algorithms that can make stunningly precise and identical copies of artists' work have made it difficult to detect and prevent unauthorized
use, lowering its value and recognition.

d)
The lack of legal consequences for individuals or organizations who utilize artists' work in AI systems creates an atmosphere of impunity and
encourages digital piracy.

Q 3. How does the 2nd paragraph relate to the overall context of the passage?

a)
The 2nd paragraph provides a detailed analysis of the technical aspects of AI image generation, diverting from the focus of the passage on digital
theft and labor exploitation.

b)
The 2nd paragraph introduces the perspective of a fictional artist named Lapine, making it difficult to ascertain the credibility and relevance of the
information presented.

c)
The 2nd paragraph offers a historical overview of AI development, neglecting to address the specific issues of unauthorized use of artists' work and
the implications for labor rights.

d) The 2nd paragraph adds a concrete example to support the broader theme of digital theft and unauthorized use of artists' work in AI systems.

Q 4. Which of the following is true as per the passage?

a) Lapine's artwork was intentionally used by AI image generating models without her knowledge or consent.

b) Lapine's discovery of her face being used in the LAION database led to legal actions against the responsible parties.

c) The unauthorized use of artists' work in AI systems is considered acceptable under fair use policies in both the US and the EU.

d)
Lapine's concerns about digital theft and labor exploitation in the AI industry have been completely resolved through stricter regulations and ethical
guidelines.

Q 5. Which of the following could be inferred based on the information given in the passage?

a)
The passage implies that artists willingly offer their intellectual property for free use in AI-generated content, recognizing the potential benefits it brings
to their creative careers.

b)
The existing regulatory framework may be deemed inadequate in affording adequate safeguarding measures for the intellectual property rights of
artists in the realm of AI-driven content generation.

c)
The author suggests that AI-generated content is not subject to any legal or ethical considerations, allowing for unrestricted utilization of artists'
intellectual property.

d)
It can be inferred from the passage that artists have no rights over their own work in the realm of AI-generated content, as it becomes the property of
AI systems and their developers.

Q 6. Which term from the passage can be used as a synonym for "unremunerated"?

a) compensated

b) unpaid

c) reimbursed

d) salaried

Directions for questions 1 to 24: Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow.

Passage – 2

The virtues required to be a successful and respected politician are of the utmost significance in the realm of politics. A politician should not only
engender trust and confidence but also contribute to the improvement of society. Integrity is such a virtue. Politicians with steadfast integrity upholds
moral principles and exhibits honesty in their conduct, making sure to put the interests of the constituents they represent first.

Politicians with unwavering integrity prioritize the welfare of the people they represent by acting ethically and with honesty.

Leadership is a second essential quality. A competent politician should be capable of leading, motivating, and inspiring others toward a common
objective. They should demonstrate strong decision-making abilities, considering the diverse needs and perspectives of their constituents while making
well-informed decisions that advance the common interest.

Adaptability is also essential for a politician. The political landscape is ever-changing, and the ability to adapt to shifting conditions and navigate
complex obstacles is crucial. A politician must be receptive to new ideas and perspectives, as well as adaptable to changing societal requirements and
demands.

Furthermore, empathy is essential in the sphere of politics. A politician with compassion understands the concerns and difficulties of the people they
represent. They actively hear the voices of their constituents and advocate for their needs, demonstrating genuine concern and compassion for those
affected by their decisions.

A responsible politician is accountable to the constituency they represent for their actions and decisions. They comprehend the significance of
transparency and honesty in their conduct, nurturing the constituents' confidence and credibility.

Also, diplomacy plays a crucial role in political engagements. A skilled diplomat can navigate conflicts, negotiate agreements, and create coalitions for
the greater good, promoting collaboration and consensus-building. Diplomacy aids in locating common ground, resolving conflicts, and advancing the
people's interests.

Source: https://iep.utm.edu/aristotle-politics/
Q 7. What can be inferred about politicians?

a) Politicians perpetually prioritize egocentric motivations over the exigencies of the populace.

b) Politicians exhibit an unwavering commitment to ethical conduct across all circumstances

c) Politicians innately lack the capacity for empathetic understanding toward their constituents.

d) Politicians inherently possess an innate predisposition for exhibiting effective leadership skills

Q 8. What virtue encompasses the skill to alter to shifting circumstances within the realm of politics?

a) Integrity

b) Leadership

c) Adaptability

d) Empathy

Q 9. True or False: Empathy is not considered an essential virtue in the sphere of politics.

a) True, empathy is not relevant for politicians in their interactions with constituents.

b) False, empathy is a crucial quality for politicians to understand the concerns of the people.

c) True, politicians can prioritize their personal interests over empathizing with their constituents.

d) False, politicians are naturally inclined to exhibit empathy towards their constituents.

Q 10. If a corrupt politician suddenly decides to become virtuous, which virtue must become a dominant virtue in him?

a) Integrity

b) Honesty

c) Empathy

d) Leadership

Q 11. What is the main idea conveyed in the passage?

a) Politicians require integrity, leadership, adaptability, empathy, responsibility, and diplomacy to succeed.

b) Integrity is crucial for politicians, involving upholding moral principles, honesty, and prioritizing constituents' interests.

c) Leadership is essential for politicians to make informed decisions and inspire others toward common goals.

d) Empathy enables politicians to understand constituents' concerns and advocate for their needs.

Q 12. Which term from the passage can be used as a synonym for "steadfast"?

a) adaptable

b) accountable

c) unwavering

d) diplomatic

Directions for questions 1 to 24: Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow.

Passage – 3

Apple has been quiet about the artificial intelligence race. With all the other players throwing AI lingo at us left, right and centre, does that potentially
become a threat to the Cupertino company? Not at all. Apple's been in this space for quite a while. They've had a neural engine on their chips for many
years. They use AI for things like computational photography, which is basically making photos look better. At the moment, all talks are about
generative AI.

We are certain of two things at the moment. First, Apple CEO Tim Cook said during the company's annual shareholder meeting that the iPhone maker
sees "incredible breakthrough potential for generative AI, which is why we're currently investing significantly in this area. We believe that will unlock
transformative opportunities for users when it comes to productivity, problem-solving and more".

Second, the new MacBook Air M3 - in 13- and 15-inch sizes - has been introduced and it "continues to be the world's best consumer laptop for AI".
Apple has been delivering AI features for many years but the company hasn't spoken about AI this openly before. Apple likes to use other terms, like
machine learning.

Apple has a big opportunity because it will probably be the only company that will not fall on the uncomfortable side of AI. On the outside, the new
Apple MacBook Air looks the same as the previous model. Apple is saying that the new processor can handle AI tasks even better than before and run
AI better on machine.

What about chatbots? Will there be an Apple version of ChatGPT? Bloomberg has reported that Apple is testing something in this space but not much
is known as to how it could be implemented. The report said that "the company has explored new AI features, including ones that would automate the
creation of Apple Music playlists and make sideshows in its PowerPoint rival Keynote".

Source: https:https://www.telegraphindia.com/science-tech/apple-is-in-a-good-position-to-change-the-ai-game/ cid/2006095

Q 13. What does 'transformative opportunities' mentioned in the second paragraph mean?

a) Opportunities that completely change the way users interact with Apple products.

b) Opportunities that improve productivity and problem-solving capabilities for users.

c) Opportunities that revolutionize the field of artificial intelligence.

d) Opportunities that introduce new features and functionalities to Apple's MacBook Air.

Q 14. Why does the author mention artificial intelligence race in the passage?

a) To highlight Apple's dominance in the artificial intelligence market.

b) To suggest that Apple is lagging behind other companies in the race of development of artificial intelligence.

c) To emphasize Apple's investments in artificial intelligence as significant despite its competitors' efforts.

d) To speculate about the potential impact of artificial intelligence advancements on Apple's business strategy.

Q 15. What is the purpose of mentioning Apple Music in the passage?

a) To illustrate Apple's commitment to providing AI-powered music streaming services.

b) To highlight Apple's exploration of AI features beyond its core products.

c) To emphasize the potential integration of AI into various Apple services.

d) To suggest that Apple Music is the primary focus of Apple's AI development efforts.

Q 16. Which of the following is factually correct regarding Apple's ventures in AI?

a) Experimental

b) Taciturn

c) Overwhelming

d) Backwards

Q 17. When it comes to speaking about AI, how has Apple changed its approach?

a) Apple has become more vocal about its AI initiatives, openly discussing its advancements.

b) Apple has maintained its traditional approach of discretion regarding its involvement in AI.

c) Apple has shifted its focus from AI to other areas of technology, minimizing discussions about its AI efforts.

d) Apple has started collaborating with other companies to promote its AI technologies more effectively.

Q 18. What according to you is the importance of the line, "Second, the new MacBook Air M3 - in 13- and 15-inch sizes - has been introduced and it
"continues to be the world's best consumer laptop for AI"."?

a) To highlight Apple's ongoing commitment to innovation in the consumer laptop market.

b) To emphasize the superiority of the new MacBook Air M3 in handling AI tasks.

c) To illustrate the growing demand for AI capabilities in consumer electronics.

d) To suggest that AI features are becoming standard in consumer laptops.

Directions for questions 1 to 24: Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow.

Passage – 4

My friend, Reethu, died last month. She had been a pre-primary teacher most of her working life and the outpouring of grief among her students was
quite overwhelming. What was the secret of her magical hold on young people? She had a phenomenal memory for names and faces. This, I believe,
was not just a gift, it was the result of her concern about each and every child in her care - she was exceptionally kind and generous. Moreover, she
pursued each student's individual fortunes through the school years and even after. Since I used to be responsible for the other end of the school, that
is the school-leaving years, we often compared notes as to whether a particular child had blossomed the way Reethu had predicted or investigated
whether the pushy nursery mother had changed her ways. Parents would have long and deep conversations with Reethu about the finer aspects of
parenting, even though they had to hear disturbing statements such as, "There are no bad children - only bad parents."

Reethu's understanding of her young students was evident. Astonishingly, she would spot a Class VIII student and ask colleagues, "Is she still a loner?"
Sometimes she would exclaim, "I knew that she would turn out to be a captain - what a little manager she was in the nursery!" Her remarks made me
ponder Freud's thoughts on the cruciality of the first five fruitful years of life.

Reethu's learning and knowledge made me question the strange belief that many school administrators have that highly qualified people are unsuited
for the primary level. "Highly knowledgeable people can't come down to children's level," they proclaim. I strongly believe that you need to have a very
fine mind and an abundance of knowledge to deal with small children. They bombard you with questions and often share their worldviews with you, and
you had better have the wherewithal (and the patience) to address complex issues in a meaningful way. However, I do agree that teaching little children
is not meant for scholarly teachers whose sole goal is to get students to master their coursework and achieve high scores in exams.

Source: https:https:https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/an-ideal-teacher-reethus-understanding-of-her-youngstudents- was-evident/cid/2000086

Q 19. What according to the author would constitute as one of the most important ages in a person's life?

a) The teenage years, characterized by significant physical and emotional changes.

b) The early childhood years, particularly the first five years of an individual's life.

c) The school-leaving years, when students transition to higher education or the workforce.

d) The adult years, when individuals assume responsibilities and pursue their careers.

Q 20. What placed Reethu on a separate pedestal from other pre-primary teachers?

a) Reethu had an exceptional ability to maintain discipline in her classroom.

b) Reethu had a great memory for names and faces and showed patience and generosity towards her students.

c) Reethu focused solely on ensuring that her students mastered their coursework and achieved high scores in exams.

d) Reethu had extensive knowledge in various academic subjects, surpassing other pre-primary teachers.

Q 21. Why do school administrations feel hesitant to appoint highly qualified people at the primary level?

a) Highly qualified individuals may lack the necessary patience and understanding required to engage with young children effectively.

b)
School administrators believe that highly knowledgeable people are better suited for teaching older students who are preparing for higher education.

c) From the belief that highly qualified individuals are unable to adapt to the required level and may struggle to communicate effectively with them.

d)
School administrators prioritize academic qualifications over personal qualities such as kindness and generosity when hiring teachers for the primary
level.

Q 22. What is the figure of speech used in the following line:

"Her remarks made me ponder Freud's thoughts on the cruciality of the first five fruitful years of life."?

a) Metaphor

b) Alliteration

c) Simile

d) Metonymy

Q 23. Which of the following do you think the author would agree to be one of the most crucial skills of a primary level teacher?

a) Mastery of the subject content and curriculum delivery to ensure success in exams.

b) Ability to maintain discipline and order in the classroom.

c) Capacity to communicate effectively with young children and address their questions.

d) Skill in preparing students for standardized tests and examinations.

Q 24. What would be the author's opinion on scholarly teachers?

a) Scholarly teachers are best suited for teaching young children in today's world of stiff competition.

b) Scholarly teachers are not suited for teaching young children due to their focus on curriculum delivery.

c) Scholarly teachers should be given more opportunities to teach young children.

d) Scholarly teachers should focus solely on preparing students for standardized tests which have become commonplace nowadays.

Passage – 1

The Indian Navy's multilateral exercise, Milan - 2024, culminated in a grand ceremony onboard the indigenously built aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant. This
year's edition of the event witnessed the participation of 35 naval units, including ships, submarines, and aircraft, from a diverse range of 18 friendly
foreign countries. The closing ceremony marked the successful completion of a two-week-long exercise that saw participants engage in a series of
complex and advanced drills. These drills encompassed diverse maritime operations, ranging from surface, sub-surface, and air warfare to addressing
asymmetric threats like piracy and terrorism. The exercises aimed to foster interoperability, enhance maritime cooperation, and promote understanding
between participating nations.

One noteworthy aspect of the closing ceremony was the unique gathering of commanding officers from all participating units onboard INS Vikrant. This
platform facilitated discussions and exchange of experiences, further strengthening the bonds between participating navies. Speaking at the ceremony,
the Indian Navy chief, Admiral Radhakrishnan Hari Kumar, emphasized the significance of Exercise Milan as a key maritime platform for collaboration
and collective learning. He highlighted the importance of collaborative efforts in maintaining a safe and secure maritime environment.

Stressing the strategic importance of the exercise in the current geopolitical landscape, Adm Kumar said, "Milan, with its focus on cooperative maritime
security, reflects our shared commitment to a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific region." The exercise witnessed the participation of several notable
regional players, including Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Additionally, countries from Africa, Europe, and the
Americas also sent representatives, showcasing the global reach and significance of this multinational exercise.
Q 25. The exercise MILAN 2024 recently concluded held at Visakhapatnam, under the aegis of___________.

a) Eastern Naval Command

b) Northern Naval Command

c) Sourthern Naval Command

d) Chief of Defence Staff Command

Q 26. Where did MILAN make its beginning in 1995?

a) Goa

b) Andaman and Nicobar Islands

c) Lakshadweep

d) Puducherry

Q 27. What is INS Sandhayak?

a) Aircraft carrier

b) Aircraft Destroyer

c) Anti-tank guided missile

d) Survey Vessel Large (SVL) ship

Q 28. Which of the following is India's first indigenously-built aircraft carrier?

a) INS Vikrant

b) INS Mormugao

c) INS Vikramaditya

d) INS Sandhayak

Q 29. INS Vagir (S25) is the fifth submarine of the first batch of six Kalvari-class submarines for the Indian Navy. It is a diesel-electric attack
submarine manufactured by_________.

a) Mazagon Dock Limited

b) Cochin Shipyard Limited

c) Chennai Shipyard Limited

d) Visakhapatnam Shipyard Limited

Q 30. What is INS Mormugao?

a) Fire and Forget aircraft carrier

b) Stealth guided-missile destroyer

c) Anti-tank guided missile

d) Survey Vessel Large (SVL) ship

Passage – 2

The famous Cuttack Rupa Tarakasi (Silver Filigree) has been given the Geographical Indication (GI) tag by the Geographical Indications Registry in
Chennai. The application for this was filed by the Odisha State Co-operative Handicrafts Corporation Limited and was facilitated by the Department of
Textile and Handicrafts, Government of Odisha. Filigree has been traditionally associated with fine craftsmanship and luxurious design in classical
jewellery.

Historical records attached along with the GI filing mentions: "Archaeological evidence suggest that filigree was incorporated into jewellery as early as
3500 BCE in Mesopotamia where it is practiced even today as Telkari work. According to historians, there is every possibility that the Tarakasi work
reached Cuttack from Persia through Indonesia some 500 years ago by sea trade. The argument is based on similar workmanship seen in both
Cuttack and Indonesia."

"The story of Ta-Poi is an important literary example that explores maritime activities. There are multiple pieces of evidence that mention the exchange
of jewellery and gems between Kalinga and Indonesia to the extent that a potential origin source of Silver Filigree in Odisha might be Indonesia. Such
similarities have been drawn across multiple crafts that can be found in Indonesia and Odisha," the record noted. The other products to join the GI
league are Banglar muslin is the one of the popular traditional handloom craft of Bengal, Narasapur crochet lace products and Kutch rogan craft.
Q 31. Kachchhi Kharek is the indigenous date variety from_________, has recently been awarded the prestigious Geographical Indication (GI) tag.

a) Kerala

b) Gujarat

c) Assam

d) Tamil Nadu

Q 32. Adi Kekir from __________ has recently been awarded the prestigious Geographical Indication (GI) tag.

a) Arunachal Pradesh

b) Andhra Pradesh

c) Madhya Pradesh

d) Bihar

Q 33. Ramban Anardana has been given the Geographical Indication (GI) tag, it is from which of the following?

a) Sikkim

b) Goa

c) Bihar

d) Jammu and Kashmir

Q 34. Which of the following companies in Jammu and Kashmir has become the first and only to have the GI tag for basmati rice for export
purposes?

a) Amira Pure Foods

b) Sarveshwar Foods Limited

c) KRBL Foods Limited

d) LT Foods Limited

Q 35. Which of the following international agreements governs Geographical Indications (GIs) at the World Trade Organisation (WTO)?

a) Agreement on Agriculture

b) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)

c) Paris Agreement

d) Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade

Q 36. Which of the following countries leads in Geographical Indications (GIs) registrations globally?

a) India

b) China

c) Germany

d) France

Passage – 3

The 2023 Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and [1] for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots. These
nanoparticles have wide-ranging applications across fields like electronics, advanced surgery, and quantum computing.

The prize itself was embroiled in some controversy earlier when the names of winners were reportedly leaked to a Swedish newspaper. But Johan
Åqvist, the chair of the deciding committee, said the decision hadn't been final at the time. "There was a press release sent out for still unknown
reasons. We deeply regret that this happened. The important thing is that it did not affect the recipients in any way," he was quoted.

Quantum dots are particles that are a few nanometres wide. They exhibit unique optical properties due to their small physical size. Their structure and
atomic composition are the same as bulk materials, but the properties of the latter don't depend on their size. In fact ,the properties of quantum dots
can be changed by changing their size.

At the scale of nanometres, materials and particles are capable of new, size-dependent properties because quantum physical forces start to dominate.
At the macroscopic scale, on the other hand, like in our day to day lives, gravity and the rules of classical physics dominate.

By the 1970s, physicists knew that the optical properties of glass could be changed by adding a small amount of another element, like gold, silver,
cadmium, sulphur, or selenium. They also knew how or why some of these changes could occur, but quantum dots as such hadn't been synthesised
yet.
Q 37. The 2023 Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and [1] for the discovery and synthesis of quantum
dots. Who among the following recipients has been redacted with [1] in the passage above?

a) John Abrahan

b) Robert Brown

c) Helex John

d) Alexei I. Ekimov

Q 38. Who is an Indian-born British-American structural biologist who shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada
Yonath, "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"?

a) Sumita Mitra

b) Abhijit A. Namjoshi

c) Ryan Gaston

d) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan

Q 39. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1945 was awarded for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases. Who
were the laureates?

a) Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin

b) Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock, and Yves Chauvin

c) Alexander Fleming, Howard Florey, and Ernst Boris Chain

d) Ahmed Zewail

Q 40. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It
is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in____________.

a) 1890

b) 1892

c) 1895

d) 1900

Q 41. Who was the first recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his pioneering work in the field of theoretical chemistry?

a) Antoine Lavoisier

b) Jacobus Henricus "Henry" van 't Hoff Jr.

c) Marie Curie

d) Linus Pauling

Q 42. Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903 for his/her work on radioactivity, making him/her the first person to be honored twice
with Nobel Prizes?

a) Ernest Rutherford

b) Antoine Henri Becquerel

c) Marie Curie

d) Dmitri Mendeleev

Passage – 4

The beautiful 13th century CE temples of the Hoysala Dynasty in Karnataka, have been inscribed on the World Heritage list of UNESCO, making
India's total sites on the World Heritage list as 42. This is an occasion for immense joy and celebration for entire Indian Nation. India's nomination of
The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas has been inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage list in the 45th World Heritage Committee Meeting being
held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. India submitted the nomination dossier for The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas to the World Heritage Centre in
January, 2022. The site has been on the UNESCO's tentative list since 2014.

The decision to adopt The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas, as World Heritage Property was taken by the 21 nation World Heritage Committee
comprising the following states parties: Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Mali, Mexico, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar,
Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand, and Zambia. India is currently the member of
the WH Committee for its fourth term (2021-25). The matter came up for discussion on 18th September, 2023 at 3:45 pm and was adopted without
discussion. All Committee members congratulated India for the achievement.

With this successful nomination, India has 42 world heritage properties overall, which includes 34 cultural, 7 natural and 1 mixed property. Presently,
India has the sixth largest number of sites in the World. The countries that have 42 or more World Heritage sites and apart from India, this now contains
Italy, Spain, Germany, China and France. It is further added that India has added 12 new world Heritage sites since 2014, and this is testimony to the
Prime Minister's steadfast commitment in promoting Indian culture, heritage and the Indian way of life. The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas, has
been nominated as a serial property comprising three temples in the southern Indian state of Karnataka, namely the Channakeshava temple in Belur,
the Hoysaleshvara temple in Halebidu and the Keshava temple in Somanathapura, reflects the creative brilliance of the 13th century architects.
Q 43. Which of the following countries has the maximum number of UNESCO's World Heritage sites?

a) India

b) China

c) USA

d) Italy

Q 44. Which of the following ancient Indian cities has recently been inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage list?

a) Mohenjo-Daro

b) Harappa

c) Dholavira

d) Lothal

Q 45. Which of the following sites was/were among the first to be listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India?

a) Khajuraho Group of Monuments

b) Hampi Monuments

c) Ajanta Caves, Ellora Caves, Agra Fort, and Taj Mahal

d) Mahabalipuram

Q 46. Santiniketan located in Birbhum district of West Bengal was officially included in the UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2022. What was the
original name of Santiniketan before it was renamed by Debendranath Tagore?

a) Visva Bharati

b) Tagoreville

c) Bhubadanga

d) Ashramville

Q 47. For which literary work was Rabindranath Tagore awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature?

a) The Home and the World

b) Gitanjali

c) Chokher Bali

d) The Gardener

Q 48. The Nagara, the Dravida and the Vesara are the __________.

a) three main racial groups of the Indian subcontinent

b) three main linguistic divisions into which the languages of India can be classified

c) three main styles of Indian temple architecture

d) three main musical Gharanas prevalent in India

Passage – 5

An inter-ministerial delegation from India attended the 28th Session of the UN Climate Change Conference (COP 28) held in Dubai, United Arab
Emirates from 30th November'2023 to 13th December'2023. The major outcome from COP 28 included the decision on Outcome of the First Global
Stocktake, ratcheting up global climate ambition before the end of the decade. These global efforts will be taken up by the countries in a nationally
determined manner taking into account the Paris Agreement and their different national circumstances. Another major outcome of COP 28 is the
agreement on the operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund and its funding arrangements.

The decision on Loss and Damage Fund adopted at COP 28 approved the Governing instrument of the Loss and Damage Fund and decided that the
Fund will be serviced by new, dedicated and independent secretariat. It was also decided that the Fund will be supervised and governed by the Board.
The Fund is accountable to and functions under the guidance of the Conference of Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement
(CMA). Since the decision, an amount of around USD 700 million to date has been pledged by several countries, including United Arab Emirates,
Germany, United Kingdom, European Union, Japan. The purpose of the Fund is to assist developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the
adverse effects of climate change in responding to economic and non-economic loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate
change, including extreme weather events and slow onset events.

Another major outcome related to Loss and Damage is the decision on Santiago network for averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage to
catalyse the technical assistance of relevant organizations, bodies, networks and experts for the implementation of relevant approaches associated
with climate change impacts. The host of the Secretariat for the Santiago Network was finalized at COP 28. The joint consortium of the United Nations
Office for Disaster Risk Reduction and the United Nations Office for Project Services have been selected as the host of the Santiago network
secretariat for an initial term of five years, with five-year renewal periods. Countries including Canada, Japan, Spain, Switzerland and the United States
of America have announced their financial contributions to the work of the Santiago network.
Q 49. At the 28th Session of the UN Climate Change Conference (COP 28) held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates member countries reached an
agreement to operationalize the Loss and Damage (L&D) fund which aimed at compensating countries grappling with climate change impacts. Which
of the following will be the "interim host" of the fund for four years, aligning with UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement?

a) Asian Development Bank

b) Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

c) International Monetary Fund

d) World Bank

Q 50. The Global Stocktake (GST) is a periodic review mechanism established under the____________.

a) Kyoto Protocol

b) Paris Agreement

c) Doha Agreement

d) Dubai Agreement

Q 51. Global Renewables and Energy Efficiency Pledge stipulates that signatories commit to work together to triple the world's installed renewable
energy generation capacity to at least 11,000 GW by___________.

a) 2025

b) 2030

c) 2040

d) 2047

Q 52. The Global Cooling Pledge for COP 28 includes 66 national government signatories committed to working together to reduce cooling-related
emissions across all sectors by at least 68% globally relative to 2022 levels by__________.

a) 2030

b) 2042

c) 2047

d) 2050

Directions for questions 53 to 84: You have been given some passages followed by questions based on each passage. You are required to choose
the most appropriate option which follows from the passage.

Passage – 1

Freedom of speech and expression grants individuals the right to convey their thoughts through various means, such as verbal communication, writing,
imagery, or digital platforms. Every citizen is entitled to hold and share opinions, which encompasses the right to both receive and disseminate
information. The concept broadly encompasses the dissemination of ideas and their publication.

Press freedom, a critical element of free speech, although not expressly stated in the Constitution, is understood to be included within the broader
rights of free speech and expression as per Article 19(1)(a). Press freedom ensures:
1. Absence of prior censorship.
2. Unhindered publication of newsworthy content.
3. Free distribution of information.
4. Protection from excessive taxation.

Legal cases such as Bennett Coleman & Co v. Union of India (1972) and the State of U.P. v. Raj Narain (1975) have established that freedom of the
press is essential for both the circulation and content of information. They affirm the public's right to be informed about government actions, asserting
that access to information is fundamental in a democracy. Moreover, in LIC v. Prof. Manubhai D. Shah (1992), it was determined that the right to a
rejoinder and its publication in the same medium as the original content is protected under Article 19(1)(a).
Q 53. D was a thinker, ideologist and a famed author. Once during a literature festival D was invited to give a speech. In the speech D expressed his
idea about how the world would look like if there were no government and people ruled themselves. This speech of D became very popular. The
government soon banned the recordings and extracts of this speech. Have fundamental rights of D been violated in the given case?

a) Yes, the fundamental rights of D have been violated in the given case.

b) No, the government had reasonable restrictions to act in the said manner. Therefore, the fundamental right has not been violated.

c) Yes, the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression of D has been violated in the given case.

d) No, the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression is not involved in the first place.

Q 54. C son-in-law of the opposition party leader in the state of X started a newspaper called 'Janhit Jagran'. The states levied 15 percent additional
taxes on the said newspaper without any reasonable justification. Has the right to freedom of speech and expression of C been violated in the given
case?

a) Yes, the right to freedom of speech and expression has been violated in the given case.

b) No, the right to freedom of speech and expression has not been violated in the given case.

c) The right of X has been violated but the violation is not in line with article 19 of the Constitution.

d) Both (b) and (c)

Q 55. C son-in-law of the opposition party leader in the state of X started a newspaper called 'Janhit Jagran'. The state started censoring the
newspaper considering that it was of the son-in-law of the opposition party leader. Is the action of the state justified?

a) Yes, the action of the state of censoring the newspaper is justified in the given case.

b) No, the action of the state of censoring the newspaper is violative of article 19 (1)(b) of the Constitution

c) No, the action of the state of censoring the newspaper is violative of article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution.

d) Yes, the action of the state of censoring the newspaper falls within the ambit of reasonable restrictions of the article 19.

Q 56. What did the Supreme Court hold in the case of LIC v. Prof. Manubhai D. Shah?

a)
The supreme court ruled in the case of LIC v Prof. Manubhai D Shah that the right to reply, including the right to get that reply published in the same
news media in which something was published against or in relation to a citizen, is protected under Article 19(1)(a).

b)
The supreme court ruled in the case of LIC v. Prof. Manubhai D Shah that the right to reply to something published against or in relation to a citizen, is
protected under Article 19(1)(a).

c)
The Supreme Court ruled in the case of LIC v. Prof. Manubhai D Shah that the right to get a reply published in some newspaper is protected under
article 19(1)(a).

d)
The Supreme Court ruled in the case of LIC v. Prof Manubhai D Shah that right to reply was a part of article 19(1)(a) but was not absolute and was
restricted under certain circumstances.

Q 57. What did the court hold in the case of Bennett Coleman & Co v. Union of India?

a) The court in the case of Bennett Coleman held that freedom of speech is both qualitative and quantitative.

b) The court in the case of Bennett Coleman held that freedom lies in both circulation and in content.

c) The court in the case of Bennett Coleman held that the freedom of the press embodies the right of the people to free speech and expression

d) All the above

Q 58. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage regarding freedom of speech and expression in India?

a) Freedom of the press is explicitly mentioned in the Constitution of India.

b) The right to reply and have that reply published in the same medium is not protected under Article 19(1)(a).

c) Freedom of the press includes freedom from excessive taxation and pre-censorship, according to Supreme Court rulings.