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ﮔﺴﮑﺖ )(Gasket
ﮔﺴﮑﺖ در ﻟﻐﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي درزﺑﻨﺪ و ﻻﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ .در ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت ﻓﻨﯽ ،ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ:
A gasket is a mechanical seal that serves to fill the space between two objects, generally to
prevent leakage between the two objects while under compression. Gaskets are commonly
produced by cutting from sheet materials, such as gasket paper, rubber, silicon, metal, felt,
fiberglass, or a plastic polymer. Gaskets for specific application may contain asbestos.
ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﯾﮏ درزﮔﯿﺮ )درزﺑﻨﺪ( ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺗﺎ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﺧﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻦ دو ﺷﯽء )اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻓﻠﻨﺠﯽ( ﮐﻪ
ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻫﻮا ﯾﺎ آب ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ از ﻧﺸﺘﯽ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﯾﺪ و ﺑﻪ اﺻﻄﻼح آبﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﺮدد .ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮل از
ﺑﺮش ﻣﻮادي ﮐﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرت ورق ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ،ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﻮاﯾﯽ ،ﻻﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ،ﺳﯿﻠﯿﮑﻮﻧﯽ ،ﻓﻠﺰي ،ﻧﻤﺪي،
ﻓﺎﯾﺒﺮﮔﻼس و ﯾﺎ ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ،ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﻫﺎ در ﻣﻮارد ﺧﺎص ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮاد آزﺑﺴﺘﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﻠﺰي ﯾﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﻮدن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ زﯾﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد:
) Metallicﻓﻠﺰي(
) Semi Metallicﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﻓﻠﺰي(
) Non Metallicﻏﯿﺮ ﻓﻠﺰي(
Metallic & Semi Metallic Gasket
ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻓﻠﺰي و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﻓﻠﺰي داراي اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح ذﯾﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ:
-١ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﻣﺎرﭘﯿﭽﯽ ﯾﺎ اﺳﭙﯿﺮالوﻧﺪ Spiral wound Gasket
Ring joint Gasket ﮔﺴﮑﺖ رﯾﻨﮕﯽ-٢
Metal Jacketed Gaskets ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻓﻠﺰي-٣
Non Metallic
Rubber ﻻﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ
Graphite ﮔﺮاﻓﯿﺖ
PTFE ﺗﻔﻠﻮن
Synthetic ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ
ﮐﺪﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﺴﮑﺖ
اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﮔﺴﮑﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻮع ﻓﻠﻨﺞﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻓﻠﻨﺞﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻟﻮﻟﻪ
ﻧﻮع ﮔﺴﮑﺖ
ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده (Pipe joint)
Ring Joint ASME B16.5
Raised face ----
ASME B16.20 Spiral wound ASME B16.47
Flat face
Metal jacket API 6A
Circular ASME B16.5
Double jacket (NPS)
Metallic API 601 Raised face API 605
Spiral wound ASME B36.10M
Flange pipe joint MSS SP44
BS 1560
BS 3381 Spiral wound Steel flange BS 10 ----
BS 4504
Ring Joint ASME B16.5
Raised face ----
ASME B16.20 Spiral wound ASME B16.47
Flat face
Metal jacket API 6A
Circular ASME B16.5
Double jacket (NPS)
Semi Metallic API 601 Raised face API 605
Spiral wound ASME B36.10M
Flange pipe joint MSS SP44
BS 1560
BS 3381 Spiral wound Steel flange BS 10 ----
BS 4504
ASME B16.21 Soft gasket Raised face ASME B16.5 ----
Non Metallic
ASTM F36 Cut gasket Flat face ASME B16.47
Pressure rating ﻓﺸﺎر ﮐﺎري در ﮔﺴﮑﺖﻫﺎ
PN20 PN50 PN68 PN100 PN150 PN250 PN420
١٥٠lbs ٣٠٠lbs ٤٠٠lbs ٦٠٠lbs ٩٠٠lbs ١٥٠٠lbs ٢٥٠٠lbs
(١ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎرﭘﯿﭽﯽ ): (Spiral wound gasket
اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﮔﺴﮑﺖ داراي ﯾﮏ ﻻﯾﻪ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻮﻻد ﺿﺪزﻧﮓ و ﯾﮏ ﻻﯾﻪ ﭘﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪه از ﺟﻨﺲ آزﺑﺴﺖ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻔﻠﻮن و
ﯾﺎ ﮔﺮاﻓﯿﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ Vﺷﮑﻞ و ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﺸﺮده دور ﻫﻢ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ) .ﻣﻘﻄﻊ Vﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ
ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد اﯾﻦ ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ( ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎم اﻧﺪازهﻫﺎ و ﮐﻼسﻫﺎ
ﯾﮑﺴﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .اﯾﻦ ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﻫﺎ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﯾﮏ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺷﮑﻞ داده ﺷﺪه ﺳﯿﻤﯽ و ﻣﻮاد ﻧﺮم ﭘﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ
ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﻧﺪ .ﺷﮑﻞ اﯾﻦ ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻓﺸﺮده ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ زﯾﺎدي در آبﺑﻨﺪي
دارد .اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻻﯾﯽﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ داراي رﯾﻨﮓ داﺧﻠﯽ و ﯾﺎ رﯾﻨﮓ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ رﯾﻨﮓ داﺧﻠﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان
ﺧﻮردﮔﯽ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داده و از اﺟﺰاي آبﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ و رﯾﻨﮓ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮐﺮدن
ﻻﯾﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد دارد .ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺟﻨﺲ اﯾﻦ رﯾﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﻓﻮﻻدي و ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ mm 3.5ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ارﺗﺠﺎﻋﯽ
ﺑﻮدن و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎرﭘﯿﭽﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮔﺴﮑﺖ را ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي
اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ .اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻻﯾﯽ در ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎده و ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ
ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ و ﻓﻠﻨﺞﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻪ و ﺷﯿﺎردار اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.
در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎ ،اﻧﻮاع ﺳﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ،ﻧﯿﺮوﮔﺎهﻫﺎ و
ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﮔﺴﮑﺖﻫﺎ ﻓﺮاوان ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎرﭘﯿﭽﯽ از ﺳﺎﯾﺰ 1/2اﯾﻨﭻ ﺗﺎ 60اﯾﻨﭻ در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .
ﻣﺘﺮﯾﺎل ﺑﮑﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در ﮔﺴﮑﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺳﭙﯿﺮالوﻧﺪ
)ﻣﺎده ﭘﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪه(Filler )ﺟﻨﺲ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻣﺎرﭘﯿﭽﯽ( Winding )رﯾﻨﮓﻫﺎ(Rings
Graphite Stainless Steel 304 Carbon Steel
PTFE Stainless Steel 316L Stainless Steel 304
Mica Stainless Steel 304L Stainless Steel 304L
Viton Stainless Steel 309 Stainless Steel 316
Asbestos Stainless Steel 310 Stainless Steel 316L
Mica Graphite Stainless Steel 316Ti Stainless Steel 316Ti
Ceramic Stainless Steel 317L Stainless Steel 310
Thermiculite835 Stainless Steel 321 Stainless Steel 321
Thermiculite735 Stainless Steel 347 Stainless Steel 347
Non-sintered PTFE Stainless Steel 430 Stainless Steel 410
Stainless Steel 17-7PH Inconel 600
Alloy 20 Inconel 625
Monel Monel
Titanium Titanium
Nickel 200 Nickel
Inconel 600-625 Incoloy 800
Inconel X-750 Alloy 20
Hatelloy B2-C276 Incoloy825
Incoloy 800-825 Hastelloy B-2
Duplex Hastelloy C276
Zirconium
Tantalum
Copper
Phos-bronze
Carbon steel
