SENIOR SCHOOL

CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
(2O23-2O24)

PROJECT TITLE:

Analyze the presence of cation,anion and food

stuffs present in coconut water

NAME: Manav Patel

CLASS: XII SCIENCE
ENROLLMEMT NO. 14
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am indebted to those who have helped me to put my

ideas well above the level of simplicity and into
something concrete.

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to our school

management, Mrs. Ruchi Chaudhary and our respected
principal Mr. G. K. Desai who gave me the golden
opportunity to carry out this very interesting project:

Analyze the presence of cation,anion and food stuffs present in coconut

water

I am very much thankful to my Chemistry teacher Mr.

Anand Tripathi for his valuable guidance, suggestions
and constant encouragement throughout the course of
this project.

Finally, I am thankful to my parents and friends who

helped me directly or indirectly for carrying out the
research work most successfully.

Thanking you
With warm regards

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that

Manav Patel
of Class XII science of academic year 2022-2023 has
Completed this project titled
Analyze the presence of cation,anion and food stuffs present in coconut
water

Under the guidance of his chemistry teacher. This project

may be considered as the part of the practical exam of
Senior School Certificate Examination Conducted by
Central Board of Secondary Education.

Mr. Anand Tripathi

Chemistry Teacher

Mr. G K Desai
Principal
CONTENTS

1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 Coconut Plant
1.2 Coconut Water
1.3 Harvesting
1.4 Medical Use
1.5 Health Benefits
2. EXPERIMENTS
2.1 REQUIREMENTS
2.2 WET TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS
2.3 WET TEST FOR ACIDIC RADICALS
2.4 TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF FOOD
STUFF
3. PRECAUTIONS
4. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION

COCONUT PLANT
The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera.) is a member of the
family Arecaceae (palm family).It is the only accepted
species in the genus Cocos. The term coconut can refer
to the entire coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which,
botanically, is a drupe, not a nut. The spelling cocoanut
is an archaic form of the word.] The term is derived
from the 16th-century Portuguese and Spanish word
coco meaning "head" or "skull", from the three
indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial
features. The coconut is known for its great versatility
as seen in the many uses of its different parts and
found throughout the tropics and subtropics.[5]
Coconuts are part of the daily diets of many people.
Coconuts are different from any other fruits because
they contain a large quantity of "water" and when
immature they are known as tender-nuts or jelly-nuts
and may be harvested for drinking. When mature, they
still contain some water and can be used as seednuts or
processed to give oil from the kernel, charcoal from
the hard shell and coir from the fibrous husk. The
endosperm is initially in its nuclear phase suspended
within the coconut water. As development continues,
cellular layers of endosperm deposit along the walls of
the coconut, becoming the edible coconut "flesh".[6]
When dried, the coconut flesh is called copra. The oil
and milk derived from it are commonly used in
cooking and frying; coconut oil is also widely used in
soaps and cosmetics. The clear liquid coconut water
within is potable. The husks and leaves can be used as
material to make a variety of products for furnishing
and decorating. The coconut also has cultural and
religious significance in many societies that use it. [cita
Coconut water
Coconut water is the clear liquid inside young green
coconuts (fruits of the coconut palm). In early
development, it serves as a suspension for the
endosperm of the coconut during the nuclear phase of
development. As growth continues, the endosperm
matures into its cellular phase and deposits into the
rind of the coconut meat. Coconut water has long been
a popular drink in the tropical countries where it is
available fresh, canned, or bottled. Coconuts for
drinking are served fresh, chilled or packaged in many
places. They are often sold by street vendors who cut
them open with machetes or similar implements in front
of customers. Processed coconut water for retail can be
found in ordinary cans, Tetra Paks®, or plastic bottles,
sometimes with coconut pulp or coconut jelly included.
Coconut water can be fermented to produce coconut
vinegar. It is also used to make nata de coco, a jelly-
like food. Bottled coconut water has a shell life of 24
months. In recent years, coconut water has been
marketed as a natural energy or sports drink having low
levels of fat, carbohydrates, and calories, and
significant electrolyte content. Marketers have also
promoted coconut water for having low levels of fat,
carbohydrates, and calories. However, marketing
claims attributing tremendous health benefits to
coconut water are largely unfounded. Unless the
coconut has been damaged, it is likely sterile. There is
a single documented case where coconut water has
been used as an intravenous hydration fluid when
medical saline was unavailable. Although
this is not generally recommended by most physicians
today, it was a common practice during the Khmer
Rouge regime in Cambodia from 1975 to 1979.
Coconut water has long been a popular drink in the
tropics , especially in India , Brazilian Coast ,
Southeast Asia , Pacific Islands , Africa , and the
Caribbean , where it is available fresh , canned , or
bottled . In the Philippines, it is known as ‘buko’.
HARVESTING

Fresh coconuts are typically harvested from the tree

while they are green. A hole may be bored into the
coconut to provide access to the liquid and meat. In
young coconuts, the liquid and air may be under some
pressure and may spray slightly when the inner husk is
first penetrated. Coconuts which have fallen to the
ground are susceptible to rot and damage from insects
or animals.

MEDICAL USE

It is said , albeit quite incorrectly , that coconut water is

identical to human plasma and can be injected directly
into the human bloodstream. The story has its origin
from World War II where British and Japanese
patients were given coconut water intravenously in an
emergency because saline was unavailable. [ Since then,
this rehydration technique has been used only for
short-term emergency situations in remote locations
where plasma is not available.

Although substituting coconut water for saline is not

recommended by physicians today, it was a common
practice during the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia
from 1975 to 1979. The Documentation Center of
Cambodia cited the practice of allowing untrained
nurses to administer green coconut water during the
Pol Pot regime as a crime against humanity.[

HEALTH BENEFITS
∙ Coconut water is a very refreshing drink to
beat tropical summer thirst. Its liquid is
packed with simple sugars, electrolytes , and
minerals to replenish dehydration within the
human body.

∙ Research studies suggest that cytokinins (e.g.,

kinetin and transzeatin) in coconut water
found to have significant anti-ageing ,anti-
carcinogenic, and anti thrombotic(anti-clot
formation)effects.

∙ Coconut water is composed of many

naturally occurring bioactive enzymes
such as acid
phosphatase , catalase,
dehydrogenase,diastase,peroxidase,rna-
polymerases etc. In effect, these enzymes
help in the digestion and metabolism.

∙ Despite being very light in consistency, its

water has proportionately better
composition of minerals like calcium, iron,
manganese, magnesium and zinc than
some of the fruit juices like oranges.

∙ Its liquid is also a very good source of B-

complex vitamins such as riboflavin,
niacin,thiamin,pyridoxine, and folates,these
vitamins are essential in the sense that the
human body requires them from external
sources to replenish.
∙ Coconut water contains very good amount of
electrolyte potassium.100ml of water has
250mg of potassium and 105mg of sodium.
Together, these electrolytes help replenish
electrolyte deficiency in the body due to
diarrhea (loose stools).

∙ Further, fresh coconut water has a small

amount of vitamin-C(Ascorbic Acid);It
provides about 2.4mg or 4% of RDA.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble anti oxidant.
 Requirements

Coconut Water

Ferrous sulphate solution

Concentrated sulphuric acid

Lead acetate solution

Silver nitrate solution

Ammonium molybdate

Concentrated nitric acid

Potassium dichromate

Sodium hydroxide solution

Methylene blue

Benedict’s solution

Copper sulphate solution

Sodium cobaltinate solution

Disodium hydrogen phosphate

Ammonium

chloride
 Ammonium

carbonate

Potassium pyro

antimonite

Universal

indicator

WET TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Sodium White milkiness Na+ is confirmed.
Potassium is observed.
pyroaluminate is
added to coconut
water.

Potassium Yellow precipitate K+ is confirmed.

Freshly prepared is observed.
sodium salt
Magnesium White precipitate Mg2+ is present.
Add a pinch of is formed.
magnesium
chloride, a few
drops of
ammonium
phosphate
solution to
coconut water.
Calcium A white Ca2+ is present.
Add solid precipitate is
ammonium formed.
chloride,
ammonium
hydroxide and
ammonium

carbonate to
coconut water
and ammonium
oxalate solution.

Wet test for acid radicals

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Chloride A white precipitate Cl may be
Silver nitrate test: is formed. present
Add conc.Nitric
acid and silver
nitrate solution.
A Yellow
Chromyl chloride precipitate is Cl is present -
test: Mix a small formed. confirmed.
quantity of the
salt with a small
amount of
powdered
potassium
dichromate. Take
a mixture in test
tube and add
conc. Sulphuric
acid
Heat the tube and
pass the red
vapours evolved
into a gas
detector
containing
sodium hydroxide
solution. To the
yellow thus
obtained add dil.
Acetic acid lead
acetate solution.

Oxalate ion A white precipitate Oxalate ion is

Add calcium is obtained. present.
chloride and
acetic acid to the
coconut water.

Nitrate Dark brown fumes NO3- ion may be

are evolved. present.
Copper chips test:
Heat a small
quantity of
coconut water
with conc. A dark brown ring NO3- is present.
Sulphuric acid forms.
and few copper
chips.

Brown ring test:

Add a small
quantity of freshly
prepared solution
ferrous sulphate
to a part of the
aqueous solution
and then pour
conc. Sulphuric
acid slowly along
the sides of the
test tube.

Phosphate Yellow precipitate is Phosphate ion is present

formed
Ammonium molybdate
test: Add conc. Nitric
acid to coconut water
and boil then add
ammonium
molybdate solution to it.

Test for the presence of food stuff:

Sl.No. EXPERIME OBSERVATI INFERENC
NT ON E
1 Benedict’s No Reducing
test precipitate is sugar is
Benedict’s Observed absent
solution is
added to 5ml
of coconut
water and
heated in
water bath
for 5 minutes
2 No Reducing
METHYLEN decolourisati sugar is
E BLUE on is absent.
TEST-1- 2 observed
drops of
methylene
blue is added
3 to coconut
water A blue Proteins and
precipitate is fats are
CuSO4+Na obtained present
O H TEST
Copper
sulphate and
NaOH is
added to

coconut
water
Experiment Observation Inference
pH of fermented A orange tinge is pH =5
coconut water is observed on pH
tested using paper
universal
indicator

pH of fermented A green tinge is pH=6

coconut water is observed on pH
tested using paper.
universal
indicator

PRECAUTIONS

The chemicals should be handled

carefully. All apparatus should be
handled carefully. The experiments
should be conducted at room
temperature.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

To complete this project I have taken help from

the following books and websites:-
1.www.google.com
2.www.wikipedia.com
3.Comprehensive Chemistry Class XII
4.Comprehensive Practical Chemistry Class XII
Thank You