International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

ISSN: 2277-3878 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019

Renewable Energy: Pumped Hydro Energy

Storage System (Water Bank)
Mohammad Nizamuddin Inamdar, Rohan Senanayake, Mohammed Nusari

Abstract: It gives an impression of vacant electrical storage

technologies, methods to compute cost and profits streams, along A. Existing Energy Storage Technologies
with future technology advancements. Moving water between two As stated by the Energy Storage Alliance Global Project
reservoirs by turbine or a propeller at different elevations, that record, the universal energy storage machinery up during
generates the energy works like a conventional hydro electric
2018 is tremendously comprise of pumped hydro energy
station. Pumped hydro storage reports for approximately 96% of
universal energy storage capacity. It provides an outline of the storage, as shown in the Figure 1. its own uniqueness n
mechanisms by which these pumped hydro plants interrelate with appropriateness for unusual applications. New Pumped
their individual electricity markets in the countries with the hydro energy storage system might be element of the
major predicted growth of maze-scale energy storage. Variable- solution in protecting the reliable
speed and ternary PHS systems allow for faster and wider
operating ranges, providing additional flexibility at all
timescales, enabling high penetrations of VRE at lower system
costs.
Keywords: Flywheel, Pumped storage hydro plants,
Propellers, Turbine and Variable renewable energy.

I. INTRODUCTION
To measure causing green house gas emission n to boost
power generation resources though sustainable energy
system. Wind powers will makeup much upcoming power
production. Numerous foremost projects have been planned Figure 1. Universal Energy Storage Capacity by
n constructed in all over the world. In order to create power Machinery Type
there is a need for storage capacity on the days when strong Since 2015, the growth in pumped hydro has long drawn
wind n low order, there is also need for endorsement out, but only 2.0% yearly rise. From all the technologies,
capacity on the day with no wind n high requirement. A lithium ionic energy got the major universal installation
large power of energy storage places in its elasticity of capacity, which accounts for about 66% of capacity. This
utilize due to a large selection of technologies able to store fig. has developed 90% since 2015.
electrical energy. These assortments from physical,
chemical to electromagnetic along with rising technologies
like hydrogen fuel cell storage. Each technology possesses
energy system on windy days.

Manuscript published on November 30, 2019.

* Correspondence Author
Mohammad Nizamuddin Inamdar, Head of Mechanical Engineering
Department, Faculty of Engineering, Lincoln University College, Malaysia
Dr. Rohan Senanayake, Professor in Mechanical Engineering
Department,
Faculty of Engineering, Lincoln University College, Malaysia
Dr. Mohammed Nusari, Head of Civil ,Engineering Department,
Faculty of
Engineering & Coordinator of Engineering in Post graduate Department,
Lincoln University College, Malaysia.

© The Authors. Published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and

Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the
CC-BY-NC-ND license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Retrieval Number: D8222118419/2019©BEIESP

DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D8222.118419 Published By:
Journal Website: www.ijrte.org Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
3846 & Sciences Publication
 Renewable Energy: Pumped Hydro Energy Storage System (Water Bank)

Table I. Different Energy Storage Technologies

Technologies Characteristics
Physical  Pumped- Hydro  Use water or air as
Storage  Compressed Air storage standard
Energy Storage  No chemical
 Flywheel change

Chemical  Lead acid battery  Use chemical as

Storage  Lithium ions storage standard

E&M  Super capacitor  Fast reaction, can

Storage discharge huge
amount electric
power in little
times.
Further  Fuel cell  Does not have
Storage charging character.

B. Mechanical or Electrical Storage Space standards. To constrain turbine n produce electricity, CAES
uses the expansion of compressed air. Comparably some
The alterations of mechanical energy to discharge n
projects are recently operating in the world, but the
accumulate electrical energy.
operating cost and reported resources can be spirited to
a. Pumped Hydro Energy Storage
pumped hydro system.
Recently pumped hydro power storage reports for approx
In adiabatic set-ups, the heat created during compression of
96% of universal storage potential. Mainly water seized in 2
the air is lost, requiring new heat to be generated during
reservoirs at dissimilar heights is pumped up in opposition
expansion (often through burning natural gas). Adiabatic
to gravitational force, accumulate and discharge to run
schemes instead store the heat in a heat-sink, to reinsert
through turbine generating or producing electricity. Open
during expansion greatly increasing the round-trip
loop systems join with water formation that refills moreover
efficiency. In an isothermal set up, heat is continuously
the lower reservoir or upper reservoir.
stored during compression and continuously reintroduced in
Many drawbacks via effect of aquatic life, geographic
expansion to mimic isothermal conditions and increase
restrictions and stream flows have affected. To defeat these
efficiency.
drawbacks, several new design concepts n display projects
Here the question has arisen how to store the comprised air
support closed loop scheme detach from natural flowing
in CAES. Underground CAES has been to time frequently
water, including subversive systems with a smaller footprint
applied in constant volume underground salt reservoir and
and environmental concerns.
geographic restrictions. Emptied innate gas wells and vacant
The electricity framework provides energy balancing,
mines can be another option. Some studies have also used
preserve power and stability functions by many functions
above-ground piping to preserve compressed air which
through recent pumped hydro systems. Customized pumped
shows an increase in cost but offers a great elasticity.
hydro set up with different speed turbines is suitable for
The Canadian CAES company preserved an air under
sustainable or renewable creation n providing frequency
constant pressure with different size vessel through
regulation services. In Europe n Japan recent pumped hydro
constructing an under-water reservoir with adjusting size of
technique exist with different speed turbines.
water to maintain an air at constant pressure.
Since 1920’s pumped hydro energy project has been in use
c. Fly-wheel Energy Storage
but the betterment continues to be made to turbine technique
Flywheels use kinetic energy of rotating mass, frequently
n engineering projects.
hanging on magnetic bearing beneath the vacuum pressure,
to moreover powering a generator and remove by slowing
revolving frequency. The revolving mass has a great impact
on cost, weight and presentation frequently moreover the
steel or carbon compounds, carbon compound out-
performing steel being stronger n lighter.
Some advantages of flywheel as compared to chemical
storage (battery system) in-corporate fast response stability
and velocity. Many flywheel units can be included mutually
to supply longer discharge duration.
Figure: 2. Pumped Hydro Storage System [2].

b. Compressed Air Energy Storage

Power store as compressed air use water/air as storage

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DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D8222.118419 Published By:
Journal Website: www.ijrte.org Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
3847 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019

They are well suitable to low energy, high power like III. A BRIEF STUDY ON HYDROPOWER PLANT
transitional resource as slower generations rise up,
A. Hydropower
frequency response and ensuring power dependability. It
also has impact in vehicles. Figure 3 plots select energy The extraction of energy from declining water where it is
storage technologies with rated power and discharge time. ready to proceed through an energy changing device like
Flywheels are one of the fasted responding resources. turbine is known as hydropower. Firstly energy of water
converted into mechanical energy through turbine, which is
frequently transformed into electrical energy by way of a
generator.
It can also be extracted or prepared from river currents when
an appropriate device is positioned straight in a river. The
device used in this type of extraction known as water turbine
or ‘zero head turbine’. This section assesses only former
type of hydropower, as the end has a restricted potential.
There is no familiar standard definition for hydro-power
ranges, so the definition can be different in other countries.
Hydropower system has different sizes from 10’s of watts to
100’s of megawatts.
Pico hydropower systems lean to be from 49 watt to 4.9
Figure: 3. Power rated and discharge time at rated kilowatt n are commonly used for clusters of households
power [6]. including charging. Micro hydropower system scheme can
have ability up to 4.9 KW to 99 KW n are commonly run of
II. LITERATURE REVIEW the river improvement for community. Mini hydropower
A. Technological developments system leans from 99 KW to 0.99 MW stand alone
frequently forms a web.
Noor Soliha Sahimi1 , Faiz Mohd Turan1 and Kartina Small hydropower has 1 or 2 MW to 11 or 19 MW that
Johan1 produces the energy with the use of various turbines in
(Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, University decline water, depends on the behavior of river. Middle
Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Perak, Pahang, Malaysia hydropower has 11 or 19 MW to 99.9 MW that feeds into a
Corresponding). these days, Malaysian demand in energy web. Large hydro power scheme frequently have output of
zone was significantly enhance due to industrial thousands of megawatts but functionally small one use the
development. decline energy to prepare mechanical or electrical energy
The largest electricity utility company, Tenaga National using different kind of turbines which depends on behavior
Berhad was provide an electricity to more than seven of the river and installation capability.
million people through self-governing suppliers in
peninsular Malaysia and Sabah by projected a potential
renewable hydro-power system. In order to gradually more
power capability from present use, 1883 MW to more than
2999 MW by year 2021.

Figure: 4. Representation of a Pico-hydro energy system [3].

Beneath the accurate situation hydropower can be one of the point and studying power creation. Usually it generates
mainly consistent n economical sustainable energy sources. power between 14 to 99 % of
The use of small hydro power involves foundation, highest the time.

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DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D8222.118419 Published By:
Journal Website: www.ijrte.org Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
3848 & Sciences Publication
 Renewable Energy: Pumped Hydro Energy Storage System (Water Bank)

Units should be able to function at least 90% of the time. store energy. Surplus energy, either from web or a
Small hydro power placements are classified by elasticity n sustainable energy like solar farm or wind farm can used
consistency of function, as well as fast start-up n power-cut during low demand, importantly converting the cavern into a
in reaction to more demand changes. This hydropower big battery.
electricity can be modified as per the needs. Hydro electricity can be produced instantly at any time,
Hydropower has some unfavorable effects on the making it possible for power to be load into the web when it
environment, like when levels of water in cavern transform is require, avoiding blackout and meet high or excess
suddenly to meet the needs of electricity demands. The electrical energy require.
small stretch of bypass River can run dry, which may dry up Large amount of electrical energy can be generate over a
all aquatic habitats. Both SHP n LHP doesn’t have the same long duration of time through pumped hydro energy system.
type of adverse affects on the environment. Importance
These affects could lead in the destruction of aquatic  Hydropower is consistent and economical.
organisms’ population, the defeat of aquatic organisms,  Large hydropower has thousands of MWs.
dipping ground-water levels and change of natural flow  Small hydropower (SHP) produces the energy by using
rules. These affects need to be remove n reduce for turbines.
hydropower plant to be economically renewable. Therefore,  Existence of 29+ years.
current construction designs normally apply improvement
measures.
Pumped hydropower energy system uses water cavern to

Table II. Strengths and weaknesses of small hydropower systems

Strengths Weaknesses

 Technology is relatively simple and strong with  Very site-specific technology.

lifetimes of over 30 years with no major investment.

 Overall costs can, in many cases, harm all other  For SHP systems using small streams the
alternatives. maximum power is limited and cannot expand if
the need grows.

 Environmental influence low compare with  High capital/initial savings costs.

conventional energy sources.

 Power is accessible at a fairly stable rate and at all

times, subject to water resource availability.

IV. RESULT the increasing penetration of wind and solar, reduced

dispatch able invention and the necessitate for greater
Pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) or 'The World’s network suppleness, an additional 7.9e+11watt or an
Water Battery’, reports for approximately 96% of installed increase of virtually 49% of PHS capacity is supposed to
universal energy storage system, and maintain key be commissioned by 2029. This could be additionally
benefits like lifetime cost, consistent, size and levels of increased with the right policy settings and market rules.
renewability. The existing 1.61e+11 watt of pumped
storage ability supports power web stability, reducing V. CONCLUSIONS
overall system costs and sector emissions.A base up
analysis of energy stored in the world’s pumped hydro This paper has provided the development of universally
power storage caverns using IHA’s stations record placed Pumped Hydro-electric Energy Storage. It has
estimate total storage to be up to 9e+12 watt hours. PHS provided an outline of the mechanisms by which these
operations and technology are adapting to the changing pumped hydro plants interrelate with their relevant
power system requirements incurred by variable electricity markets in all countries with the biggest
renewable energy (VRE) sources. Variable-speed and predetermine development of web-scale energy storage
ternary PHS systems allow for faster and wider operating system. Storage of energy, especially in the appearance of
ranges, providing additional flexibility at all timescales, PHS, has a vital role to enable higher levels of variable
enabling higher penetrations of VRE at lower system wind and solar penetration. The level of carbon-free
costs.As traditional revenue streams become more generation needed to meet the ambitious climate goals
unpredictable and markets are slow to appropriately means that PHS will be required to work together with
reward flexibility, PHS needs to secure new sources of other energy storage technologies, especially batteries, as
reliable and long term revenue in order to attract well as other web elasticity possessions.
investment, particularly in liberalised energy markets. It
determined by the rising diffusion of solar and wind
condensed dispatch generation and the requirement for
greater web or maze flexibility, an additional. Driven by
Retrieval Number: D8222118419/2019©BEIESP
DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D8222.118419 Published By:
Journal Website: www.ijrte.org Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
3849 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878 (Online), Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019

While electricity systems of the future will require greater

Dr. Rohan Senanayake, Professor in Mechanical
elasticity, many markets have been slow to react and
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,
provide the valuable signals needed to secure private Lincoln University College, Malaysia. He has many
sector investment as the dynamics of energy arbitrage Publications in various international Journals. He
change. PHS is a cost-effective and technically proven completed his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from
Aston University, United Kingdom. rohan@lincoln.edu.my
technology with strong environmental benefits, the
challenge for industry and policy-makers is to develop the
market and regulatory frameworks which will help ensure Dr. Mohammed Nusari, Head of Civil Engineering
its full contribution to the clean energy transition is Department, Faculty of Engineering &
realised. Department of Energy will be critical in this Coordinator of Engineering in Post graduate Department,
respect as they seek to support PHS developers, owners Lincoln University College, Malaysia. He has to his credit
many papers published in Scopus indexed journals and
and operators to better understand and assess the changing Presented papers in various conferences and seminar. He completed his
economic and financial value of existing and planned PhD in water Resource/Civil Engineering from University Putra Malay
projects. (UPM), Malaysia. nusari@lincoln.edu.my

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AUTHORS PROFILE

Mohammad Nizamuddin Inamdar, Head of

Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of
Engineering, Lincoln University College, Malaysia. He
completed his Master of Technology in the field of
Thermal PowerEnergy / Mechanical Engineering and
hasresearch in energy and materials.nizamuddin@lincoln.edu.my

Retrieval Number: D8222118419/2019©BEIESP

DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D8222.118419 Published By:
Journal Website: www.ijrte.org Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
3850 & Sciences Publication